Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of adverse reactions in whole blood donation in Jinan, Shandong, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of such adverse reactions in this region. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on whole blood donors and adverse reaction cases in Jinan during 2023. To explore influencing factors of adverse reactions, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between adverse reactions and factors such as gender, age, donation organization mode, donation frequency, donation volume, time slot, and health examination results. Results: A total of 122 961 whole blood donations were recorded in Jinan in 2023. Donation-related adverse reactions occurred in 2 054 cases, with an incidence rate of 1.67%. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions across donor characteristics: the rate was higher in females (2.35%, 921/39 192) than in males (1.35%, 1 133/83 769), donors aged 18-25 years had the highest incidence (3.48%, 1 799/51 733), the incidence in group donations (3.13%, 1,737/55 534) was significantly higher than in individual donations (0.47%, 317/67 427), and insufficient blood collection was closely associated with adverse reactions (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified group donation, female gender, and a pulse rate of 81-99 beats per minute as risk factors for adverse reactions (all P<0.001), while systolic blood pressure of 116-139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 76-89 mmHg were protective factors (all P<0.05). Compared to younger and lower-weight donor groups, older and higher-weight donors had a significantly lower risk of adverse reactions (all P<0.05). Donors giving 400 mL had a higher risk than those giving 200 mL (P<0.001). In addition, compared with the donation time slot of 7:00-8:59, the risk of adverse reactions was significantly higher during 9:00-16:59, with the time slot of 13:00-14:59 showing the most prominent risk (all P<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the time slot of 17:00-20:59 and that of 7:00-8:59 (P>0.05). The primary clinical manifestation of adverse reactions was donation-related vasovagal reaction, with mental tension being the leading precipitating factor, accounting for 69.08% (1 419/2 054) of cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of adverse reactions in whole blood donation in the Jinan is influenced by multiple factors, including donor demographic characteristics, donation organization mode, physiological indicators, and time of donation. It is recommended to enhance the identification and intervention for high-risk groups, and optimize donation processes and service models to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, thereby ensuring donor safety and blood quality.

This study aims to investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment combined with cisplatin on Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice via the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)/activated transcription factor 4(ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP) signaling pathway. Sixty SPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice were selected and assigned into a blank group and a modeling group by the random number table method. After modeling of the Lewis lung carcinoma, the mice in the modeling group were randomized into model, cisplatin(5 mg·kg~(-1), once a week), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(1.7, 3.5, and 7.05 g·kg~(-1), respectively, once a day) Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment+cisplatin(5 mg·kg~(-1)) groups(n=10). After 14 days of continuous intervention, the spleen, thymus, and tumor samples of the mice were collected, weighed, and recorded, and the spleen index, thymus index, and tumor suppression rate were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the tumor tissue. The morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The positive expression of phosphorylated eIF2α(p-eIF2α) and ATF4 in the tumor tissue was detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of phosphorylated PERK(p-PERK), p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(p21), and cyclinD1 in the tumor tissue. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax, Bcl-2, p21, and cyclinD1 in the tumor tissue. Compared with the blank group, the model group showed decreases in spleen index and thymus index(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the cisplatin group showed decreases in spleen index and thymus index(P<0.05), and the medium-and high-dose Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment+cisplatin groups presented increases in spleen index and thymus index(P<0.05). In addition, the treatment groups all showed decreased tumor mass(P<0.05), increased tumor cell lysis and nuclear rupture, widened gap between rough endoplasmic reticulum, enhanced average fluorescence intensity of p-eIF2α and ATF4(P<0.05), up-regulated protein levels of p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax, and p21(P<0.05), down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and cyclinD1(P<0.05), and up-regulated mRNA levels of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax, and p21(P<0.05). Compared with the cisplatin group, the combination groups showed increases in spleen index and thymus index(P<0.05) as well as mean optical density(P<0.05), and the high-dose Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment+cisplatin group showed decreased tumor mass(P<0.05). In addition, the medium-and high-dose Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment+cisplatin groups showcased enhanced average fluorescence intensity of p-eIF2α and ATF4(P<0.05), up-regulated protein levels of p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax, and p21(P<0.05), down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and cyclinD1(P<0.05), and up-regulated mRNA levels of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax, and p21(P<0.05). In conclusion, Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment combined with cisplatin can effectively inhibit the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice by regulating the expression of proteins related to the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway and promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Animals ; Cisplatin/administration & dosage* ; Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics* ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/genetics* ; eIF-2 Kinase/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics* ; Ointments/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage*

This study explored the mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZD) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) based on inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway-mediated autophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC). Forty-eight SPF-grade male SD suckling rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a modeling group, and the integrated modeling method(iodoacetamide gavage + disturbance of hunger and satiety + swimming exhaustion) was used to replicate the FD rat model. After the model replications were successfully completed, the rats were divided into a model group, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of XSLJZD(12, 6, and 3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and a positive drug group(mosapride of 1.35 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and the intervention lasted for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate of rats in each group were measured. The histopathological changes in the gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The ultrastructure of ICC was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The immunofluorescence double staining technique was used to detect the protein expression of phospho-IRE1(p-IRE1), TNF receptor associated factors 2(TRAF2), phospho-ASK1(p-ASK1), phospho-JNK(p-JNK), p62, and Beclin1 in ICC of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Western blot was used to detect the related protein expression of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Compared with those in the blank group, the rats in the model group showed decreased body weight, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal propulsion rate, and transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to the endoplasmic reticulum structure and increased autophagosomes in ICC. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the ICC of gastric sinus tissue showed a significant elevation of p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins and a significant reduction of p62 protein. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. Compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the high-dose and medium-dose groups of XSLJZD was increased, and the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were increased. Transmission electron microscopy observed amelioration of structural damage to the endoplasmic reticulum of ICC and reduction of autophagosomes, and the p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins in the ICC of gastric sinus tissue were significantly decreased. The p62 protein was significantly increased. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. XSLJZD can effectively treat FD, and its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression of molecules related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress IRE1/ASK1/JNK pathway in ICC and the improvement of autophagy to promote gastric motility in ICC.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal/metabolism* ; Dyspepsia/physiopathology* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Humans ; Endoribonucleases/genetics* ; Multienzyme Complexes

As a new type of production factor that can empower the development of new quality productivity, the data element is an important engine to promote the high quality development of the industry. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) dispensing is the most basic work of TCM clinical pharmacy, and its quality directly affects the clinical efficacy of TCM. The integration of data elements and TCM dispensing can stimulate the innovation and vitality of the TCM dispensing industry and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the industry. A large-scale, detailed, and systematic study on TCM dispensing was conducted. The innovative practice path of data fusion construction in the whole process of TCM dispensing was investigated by integrating the digital resources "nine full activities" of TCM dispensing, creating the digital dictionary of "TCM clinical information data elements", and exploring innovative applications of TCM dispensing driven by data and technology, so as to promote the standardized, digital, and intelligent development of TCM dispensing in medical health services. The research content of this project was successfully selected as the second batch of "Data element×" typical cases of National Data Administration in 2024, which is the only selected case in the field of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of CD36 antigen in healthy individuals in Xinjiang, China and analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying CD36 deficiency. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to assess CD36 antigen expression on platelets from 881 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations between June and August 2023. Differences in CD36 antigen distribution among ethnic groups were compared, and genotyping and third-generation sequencing were conducted on samples with CD36 deficiency. Results: Among the 881 samples, 4 cases (0.5%) of CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency were identified. The deficiency frequency was 0.7% (3/430) in Han individuals and 0.3% (1/363) in Uygur individuals, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). No mutations were detected in the coding regions of the deficient samples. Two samples exhibited a (TG)11 in intron 3. Among the 12 linked mutation sites, g. 55589 G>A was mutated to g. 55589G Del, while g. 55593 A del did not occur; however, g. 55591A>T was observed nearby. Additionally, 52742insGAAAA was present in 100% of the (TG)11 haplotypes, potentially representing a novel linked mutation. Conclusion: This study indicates that the positive frequency of CD36 antigen in Xinjiang is relatively high, suggesting a low risk of alloimmune diseases in clinical practice. The (TG)11 in intron 3 is not universally present in all CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency cases, and the number of linked mutation sites extends beyond the previously reported 12.

With the widespread use of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacterial infections have become a significant threat to human health. Finding new antibacterial strategies that can effectively control drug-resistant bacterial infections has become an urgent task. Unlike small molecule drugs that target bacterial proteins, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) can target genes related to bacterial resistance, pathogenesis, growth, reproduction and biofilm formation. By regulating the expression of these genes, ASO can inhibit or kill bacteria, providing a novel approach for the development of antibacterial drugs. To overcome the challenge of delivering antisense oligonucleotide into bacterial cells, various drug delivery systems have been applied in this field, including cell-penetrating peptides, lipid nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles, which have injected new momentum into the development of antisense oligonucleotide in the antibacterial realm. This review summarizes the current development of small nucleic acid drugs, the antibacterial mechanisms, targets, sequences and delivery vectors of antisense oligonucleotide, providing a reference for the research and development of antisense oligonucleotide in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.