BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.009.].

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: Objective To investigate the relationship between cervical disc herniation and C₀-C₂ Cobb angle. METHODS: The clinical data of 301 patients with cervical disc herniation from 2020 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The median value of C₀-C₂ Cobb angle measurements from 301 patients was used as the boundary, cervical disc herniation patients were divided into two groups, C₀-C₂ Cobb angle <28.50 group and 151 patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50 group. Among them, 150 patients in C₀-C₂ Cobb angle <28.50 group included 53 males and 97 females, aged 23 to 76 (57.32±12.55) years, with a disease duration of 7 to 19 (13.81±5.32) months;the othor 151 patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50 group including 61 males and 90 females, aged 25 to 74 (56.86±12.51) years, with a disease duration of 8 to 18 (14.13±5.56) months. The cervical lordosis angle (C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and C₂-C₇ Cobb angle), T₁ inclination slope (T₁S) and cervical sagittal axial distance (C₂-C₇ SVA) were measured on the lateral cervical radiographs. The correlation between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and cervical disc herniation range, protrusion position, average protrusion size and other parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: When the C₀-C₂ Cobb angle<28.50°, the average protrusion size was (2.21±0.56) mm, the C₂-C₇ Cobb angle was (19.92±12.06)° and the C₂-C₇ SVA was (1.10±1.20) mm. When the C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50°, the average protrusion size was (2.38±0.60) mm, the C₂-C₇ Cobb angle was (12.01±13.09 )°, the C₂-C₇ SVA was (1.53±1.36) mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Between the two groups of patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle < 28.50° and C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50°, there were significant differences in the size of C_3,4, C_4,5, C_5,6, C_6,7, C₇, T₁ disc herniation in single segment (P<0.05 ). C₀-C₂ Cobb angle was correlated with age(r=-0.135, P<0.05 ), C₂-C₇ Cobb angle (r=-0.382, P<0.01 ), C₂-C₇ SVA (r=0.293, P<0.01), average protrusion size (r=0.139, P<0.05), and the size of C_3,4 (r=0.215, P<0.01 ), C_4,5 (r=0.176, P<0.01 ), C_5,6 (r=0.144, P<0.05 ), C_6,7 (r=0.158, P<0.05 ), C₇T₁ (r=0.535, P<0.05) disc herniation. CONCLUSION There is a positive correlation between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and the size of cervical disc herniation. C₀-C₂ Cobb angle can reflect the degree of cervical disc herniation. Previous studies have shown that the biomechanical changes between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle, C₂-C₇ Cobb angle, C₂-C₇ SVA and cervical extensor muscle group may be risk factors for accelerating cervical disc herniation and this may be one of the mechanisms that C₀-C₂ Cobb angle is positively correlated with the size of cervical disc herniation.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of varicella in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide evidence for surveillance, prevention, and control of varicella in Taizhou. MethodIndividual case data of varicella reported in Taizhou from 2014 to 2023 were collected and analyzed. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of varicella, and Joinpoint regression models were applied to assess trends in incidence rates. ResultsA total of 29 845 cases of varicella were reported in Taizhou from 2014 to 2023, with an annual incidence rate of 47.65/100 000. A total of 22 varicella-related public health events were recorded, accounting for 13.25% of all reported outbreaks during the same period. The annual reported incidence rates for males and females were 51.49/100 000 and 43.56/100 000, respectively. The average annual incidence rate was significantly higher in males than that in females. The age of onset was mainly from 5 to 20 years old, with a total of 20 382 cases reported, accounting for 68.29% of the total cases. Students constituted the majority of cases (62.15%). A distinct seasonal pattern was observed, with a major incidence peak from November to January of the next year and a secondary peak period from May to June. Varicella cases were reported in all counties and districts. The average annual incidence rates in urban districts, mountainous counties and coastal cities were 53.28/100 000, 50.24/100 000 and 41.46/100 000, respectively. Joinpoint regression identified 2019 as a turning point in the overall incidence trend, dividing the period into two phases, but the changes in trend of the two phases were not statistically different (P>0.05). Age-specific analyses revealed divergent trends: incidence rates among the 1‒ and 5‒year-old groups showed steady declines over the 10-year period (APC=-8.481%, P=0.006; APC=-11.690%, P=0.006). The incidence rate of 10‒year-old group showed a rapid decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023 (APC=-21.670%, P=0.026). In contrast, the 15‒ and 20‒year-old groups showed significant increases during the first phase (APC=20.531%, P=0.001; APC=10.778%, P=0.038). ConclusionFrom 2014 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of varicella was higher in males than that in females. The highest average annual incidence rate occurred in the 10‒19-year-old age group, with regional variations observed across different areas. The peak incidence period was from November to January of the following year. The overall incidence of varicella in Taizhou was slightly lower than that of the national average level. However, the number of varicella-related outbreaks reported during the same period remained relatively high, underscoring the need for continued and comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Background Other infectious diarrhea (OID) refers to infectious diarrhea other than cholera, dysentery, and typhoid/paratyphoid fever. In the global climate change context, frequent extreme temperature events pose a significant threat to population health, yet the association between extreme temperatures and OID remains unclear. Objective To understand the impact of extreme temperature events on the incidence of OID in Taizhou region, and provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted public health intervention strategies. Methods Case data of OID from 2016 to 2024 and meteorological and pollutant data of Taizhou, Zhejiang during the same period were collected. The case data were derived from National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting System, while the meteorological data and pollutant data were obtained from National Meteorological Science Data Center and Taizhou Ecology and Environment Bureau, respectively. An extreme heat event is defined as a period of two or more consecutive days in the warm season during which the daily mean temperature exceeds the 90th percentile value for that season. Similarly, an extreme cold event is defined as a period of two or more consecutive days in the cold season during which the daily mean temperature falls below the 10th percentile value. A distributed lag nonlinear model based on Poisson regression was used to assess the impact of extreme temperatures on OID incidence. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted by gender and age. Results From 2016 to 2024, a total of 108 670 OID cases were reported in Taizhou, with higher incidence in males (61 253 cases) than females (47 417 cases). In terms of single-day lag effect, exposure to extreme cold presented an inverted U-shaped risk pattern: a significant risk effect began to emerge on the 4th day after exposure, continued to rise, and reached a peak on the 7th day (RR=1.044, 95%CI: 1.029, 1.058), whereas extreme heat had no significant impact. In terms of cumulative lag effect, exposure to extreme cold presented a J-shaped cumulative effect curve: short-term exposure (0-2 days) showed no risk effect, but as time extended (0-9 days), a risk effect emerged and reached the maximum risk value during the 0-12 d cumulative period (RR=1.243, 95%CI: 1.057, 1.461). In contrast, extreme heat had no cumulative lag effect. The subgroup analysis revealed that under extreme cold exposure, the single-day lag effects for both males and females exhibited an inverted U-shaped curve, with the risk peaking on day 7 for males (RR=1.045, 95%CI: 1.026, 1.065) and day 8 for females (RR=1.041, 95%CI: 1.019, 1.064). The risk pattern in the 1-5 years age group was similar to that of the overall population but with a higher effect size (RR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.041, 1.085). In terms of the cumulative lag effects, the cumulative risk curves for both males and females under extreme cold exposure showed a J-shaped pattern with varied risk profiles. Significant variations in risk patterns were observed across different age groups. No significant cumulative lag effects were observed for extreme heat exposure in any subgroup. Conclusion Extreme cold can increase the incidence of OID in Taizhou, and the risk effects are heterogeneous among different groups. No risk effect is observed for extreme heat.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To explore the effect of early weight-bearing functional exercise on the postoperative function and satisfaction of patients with anterior talofibular ligament rupture.Methods Sixty patients with anterior talofibular ligament rupture admitted to Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to June 2024 were included.According to the random number table method,the patients were divided into conventional group and early weight-bearing group,with 30 cases in each group.The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale(AOFAS-AHS)scores,Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT)scores,joint position sense active(JPSA)and joint position sense passive(JPSP)of ankle joint before and after the operation,and postoperative satisfaction of two groups of patients were compared.Results Six months after the operation,the AOFAS-AHS scores and CAIT scores of two groups were significantly higher than those before the operation,and the JPSA and JPSP were significantly lower than those before the operation(P＜0.05).The AOFAS-AHS score and CAIT score of patients of early weight-bearing group were significantly higher than those of conventional group,while the JPSA and JPSP were significantly lower than those of conventional group(P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate of patients of early weight-bearing group was significantly higher than that of conventional group(76.6％vs.66.6％,x2=6.205,P＜0.001).Conclusion Early weight-bearing functional exercise can improve the postoperative function of patients with anterior talofibular ligament rupture and enhance their postoperative satisfaction.

[Objective]To sort out and correct the situations where TANG Rongchuan's Xuezheng Lun(Treatise on Blood Syndromes)mistakenly identified"Qianren"and"Quanpi"as other herbs or losing.[Methods]By searching the Airusheng Chinese Basic Classics Library,the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library's ancient books and Republican-era thread-bound book digitization platform,and the Ancient Books Database of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Library,the publication status of"Qianren"and"Quanpi"in Xuezheng Lun was statistically analyzed.By searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Duxiu databases for papers and monographs that cited relevant paragraphs and contained errors,the errors of"Qianren"and"Quanpi"being mistaken for other medicines or omitted were analyzed.By searching local county annals and medical works,and combining this with the analysis of inferring the names of medicines based on their effects,the medicines referred to by"Qianren"and"Quanpi"were identified.[Results]At least 22 academic papers and 39 monographs contain errors such as"Louren""Yiren""Taoren"or missing for"Qianren",and"Danpi""Chenpi"or missing for"Quanpi".This error first appeared in the process of compiling the single edition of Xuezheng Lun from the Five Kinds of Chinese and Western Medical Books by Shanghai Health Publishing House in 1958,and the lead-printed edition by Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House in 1959,which was derived from this version,had been widely circulated after becoming a popular edition of Xuezheng Lun,resulting in this error being passed down for more than sixty years.The spread of errors takes two forms:vertical direct quotation and horizontal transfer citation,with phenomena such as"correct and incorrect mixtures"and"error modification"during the transmission process.In the book Xuezheng Lun,"Qianren"refers to"Cheqianren"in short,and"Quanpi"is another name for"Digupi".[Conclusion]Negligence and arbitrary changes in the citation of literature are the deep reasons for TANG Rongchuan's Xuezheng Lun mistakenly identifying the drugs"Qianren"and"Quanpi"as other drugs or missing,making the original errors to be perpetuated,even passed down through annotations.Scholars should verify multiple sources when citing literature to avoid misquotation.