Objective To evaluate the effect of donor gender on short-term survival rate of lung transplant recipients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1 066 lung transplant recipients. The log-rank test was used to evaluate the differences in short-term fatality among different donor gender groups and donor-recipient gender combination groups. Multivariate Cox regression, propensity score (PS) regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to control for confounding factors and further assess the differences in fatality. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on donor gender. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences in fatality at 30 days, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years postoperatively between male and female donor groups (all P>0.05). After PS regression and PSM, univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that recipients from female donors had a higher fatality at 2 years postoperatively compared to those from male donors, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.29 (1.01-1.65) and 1.36 (1.03-1.80) respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed no statistically significant differences in fatality at various follow-up time points among different donor-recipient gender combination groups (all P>0.05). Subgroup analyses based on donor sex showed no statistically significant differences in fatality among recipients of different gender within either male or female donor groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Female donors may reduce the short-term postoperative survival rate of lung transplant recipients, but this negative impact is not sustainable in the long term. At present, there is no evidence to support the inclusion of sex as a factor in lung allocation rules.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of action of Yi Sui Sheng Xue Fang(YSSX)in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced renal injury in mice through The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1)/Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2(NRF2)signalling pathway.Methods A mouse kidney injury model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin(40 mg·kg-1).C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank group(0.9％NaCl),model group(kidney injury model)and experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups(0.53,1.05 and 2.10 g·kg-1·d-1 YSSX by gavage for 7 d).Keap1 and Nrf2 were determined by Western blot;superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)activities were determined by spectrophotometry.Results The protein expression levels of Keap1 in blank group,model group and experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups were 0.26±0.02,0.64±0.03,0.59±0.01,0.45±0.05 and 0.34±0.02;the protein expression levels of Nrf2 were 0.69±0.06,0.35±0.01,0.36±0.01,0.48±0.02 and 0.56±0.01;the enzyme activities of catalase(CAT)were(572.49±912.92),(334.60±4.92),(402.76±9.80),(475.35±5.21)and(493.00±12.03)U·mg-1;glutathione(GSH)were(2.79±0.06),(0.51±0.01),(0.59±0.07),(1.29±0.04)and(1.70±0.08)μmol·L1;SOD were(477.00±4.32),(260.67±6.13),(272.67±2.87),(386.33±3.68)and(395.00±12.25)U·mL-1;MDA were(3.89±0.02),(7.32±0.03),(6.94±0.14),(4.60±0.01)and(4.34±0.02)nmol·mg prot-1.The differences of the above indexes in the model group compared with the blank group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.001);the differences of the above indexes in experimental-M,experimental-H groups compared withe model group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion YSSX can activate Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and regulate the oxidative stress state of the organism,thus improving the renal injury caused by chemotherapy in mice.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group(only threading without ligation),AMI(ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery),AMI+TMP(20 mg·kg-1 TMP),AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p(20 mg·kg-1 TMP+miR-155-5p 200 μL),AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p+ACTA1 group(20 mg·kg-1 TMP+miR-155-5p and ACTA1 200 μL).The cardiac function of rats was detected by ultrasound.The expression of cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTn Ⅰ)was detected by immunohistochemistry.Creatine kinase MB(CK-MB)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling(Tunel)assay was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes.The levels of miR-155-5p and ACTA1 mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results The expression levels of cTn Ⅰ in sham group,AMI,AMI+TMP,AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p,AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p+ACTA1 group were 1.04±0.21,13.63±1.92,7.88±2.23,11.96±3.02,8.34±1.88;the expression levels of miR-155-5p were 1.03±0.21,3.67±0.56,1.85±0.43,3.12±0.66,1.92±0.64,respectively;CK-MB levels were(37.03±7.98),(163.39±20.04),(77.63±15.77),(147.98±11.30),(80.56±10.39)U·L-1,respectively;the above indexes were compared between AMI+TMP group and AMI group,AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p group and AMI+TMP group,AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p+ACTA1 group and AMI+TMP+miR-155-5p group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion TMP may inhibit apoptosis,reduce inflammation and myocardial fibrosis through miR-155-5p/ACTA1 molecular axis,and improve myocardial injury in AMI.

Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signalling pathway and slow down tumour progression mainly by inhibiting tumour angiogenesis,glycolysis,epithelial mesenchymal transition and other pathological processes.This paper,starting from HIF-1α and related factors,reviews its pathological mechanism in tumours and the research of traditional Chinese medicine interventions with the aim of providing theoretical references for the treatment of tumours with traditional Chinese medicine.

Organ transplantation has become an effective treatment for multiple end-stage diseases. However, the recipients of organ transplantation need to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time after operation, which leads to low immune function and relatively high incidence of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Traditional microbial detection methods, such as pathogen culture, immunological detection and polymerase chain reaction, have been widely applied in infection detection, whereas these methods may cause problems, such as long detection time and presumed pathogens. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has been widely adopted in infection prevention and control in organ transplantation in recent years due to high detection rate and comprehensive detection of pathogen spectrum. In this article, the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the prevention and control of infection in solid organ transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of transplantation-related infection.

Objective: To understand the current situation of academic burnout among primary and middle school students and to explore its associated factors, so as to provide a scientific guidance and preventing and amelioration academic burnout among primary and middle school students. Methods: Between September and October 2023, a total of 10 474 primary and middle school students residing in Wuxi City participated in a questionnaire survey and physical examination conducted through stratified cluster random sampling. Latent profile analysis was used to classify academic burnout among primary and middle school students. Furthermore, differences in the types of academic burnout among children and adolescents with varying characteristics were examined using the Chi square test. Additionally, multinomial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the associated factors for academic burnout. Results: The academic burnout of primary and middle school students was divided into 4 categories:no/light academic burnout group(43.6%),physical and mental exhaustion group (32.9%), low achievement group(15.0%), high physical and mental exhaustion/high academic burnout group(8.5%). Middle and high school students, boys, not living with parents, smoking, daily screen time ≥2 hours, suffering from campus bullying, sometimes/often subjected to cyber attacks, abused by parents were more likely to have high physical and mental exhaustion/high academic alienation among primary and middle school students ( OR=1.70, 1.42, 1.56, 1.56, 2.31, 1.48, 2.94, 3.03, 5.94, 2.08, P <0.01). Conclusions The phenomenon of academic burnout among primary and middle school students is prominent. And targeted intervention measures shoould be actively taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence of academic burnout among primary and middle school students.

OBJECTIVE To compare the contents of schizandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, anwuligan, and schisanhenol in Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus on market from 12 habitats. METHODS The samples were pre-treated by 96-well fitration plates. The assay was performed on ACE EXCEL 1.7 C18-AMIDE(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with 0.1% formic acid-water(A) and methanol(B), gradient elution, flow speed was 0.4 mL·min–1. Ion source was electric spray ion source, positive ion monitoring mode, multireaction monitoring mode for quantitative analysis. Linear, instrument precision, stability, repeatability, average recovery were investigated. RESULTS The content of schisantherin A in 10 of 12 producing areas reached the standard of ≥0.2% of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus in 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION UHPLC-MS/MS is suitable for simultaneous determination of multiple components in Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus. The Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus in the market basically meet the national legal standards.

Objective: To explore the balance of peripheral blood T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) ratio and the polarization ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Methods: A rat model of lower extremity ASO was established, and blood samples from patients with lower extremity ASO before and after surgery were obtained. ELISA was used to detect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-17. Real-time RCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect Foxp3, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 expression. Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to detect the Th17/Treg ratio and M1/M2 ratio. Results: Compared with the control group, the iliac artery wall of ASO rats showed significant hyperplasia, and the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating the successful establishment of ASO. Moreover, the levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in ASO rats were pronouncedly increased (P<0.05), while the IL-10 level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition to increased IL-6 and IL-17 levels, the mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 in ASO rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios in the ASO group were markedly increased (P<0.05). These alternations were also observed in ASO patients. After endovascular surgery (such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and arterial stenting), all these changes were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios were significantly increased in ASO, and surgery can effectively improve the balance of Th17/Treg, and reduce the ratio of M1/M2, and the expression of inflammatory factors.