OBJECTIVE To know about the perception and current status of drug risk management among pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions， providing insights and recommendations for enhancing the drug risk management system in medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted across 28 provinces， cities， and autonomous regions； stratified radom sampling was employed to study the population of medical workers and pharmaceutical professionals in medical institutions nationwide. The survey included information on the survey population， the current status of drug risk management implementation in medical institutions， the cognition， definition and process of drug risk management related concepts， and the content and mode of drug risk management work in medical institutions. Finally， suggestions were collected from various medical institutions on the system construction of drug risk management. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to summarize the obtained data. RESULTS A total of 446 questionnaires were collected in this survey， including 420 valid questionnaires and 26 invalid questionnaires. The questionnaire collection rate was 100%，and the effective rate was 94.17%. 51.19% of the respondents No.2020YFC2009001）。 based their understanding of drug risk management on Management Measures for Adverse Drug Reaction Reports and Monitoring， while 87.38% recognized the need for drug risk management throughout the drug use process. 63.33% of the participants stated that their medical institutions had dedicated positions related to drug risk management， with the highest proportion （72.17%） was in third-grade class A medical institutions. 66.43% reported implementing risk management across all drug use stages. Suggestions for the development of drug risk management systems in medical institutions by the research participants focused on enhancing guiding documents， clarifying concepts， establishing information-sharing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The overall awareness of drug risk management in China’s medical institutions is high， with practices in place across various stages in multiple forms. However， there remains a need to strengthen institutional documents， management regulations， system development， and information-sharing mechanisms to improve collaborative governance， improve drug management levels， and ensure patient safety.

ObjectiveTo develop an emotion management course and evaluate its effectiveness in improving emotion regulation, coping strategies, and anxiety and depression among first-year university students, so as to provide a basis for colleges to optimize mental health education courses. MethodsUsing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, five classes of first-year students (n=169) from a university were randomly selected as participants, with three classes assigned to the experimental group (n=102) and two classes to the control group (n=67). The experimental group attended both the standard mental health education course and the emotion management course developed in this study, while the control group only attended the standard mental health education course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in ERQ, SCSQ, SDS, and SAS scores (P>0.05). After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvements than the control group in the ERQ expression inhibition subscale (14.42±5.05, 16.12±5.65), SCSQ positive coping tendency (1.97±0.51, 1.80±0.49) and negative coping tendency (1.26±0.55, 1.47±0.50), as well as in SDS (50.26±11.48, 53.86±8.21) and SAS (43.96±11.97, 47.59±9.50) scores (t value: 2.039, 2.144, 2.572; Z value: -2.214, -2.486; P<0.05). Compared with pre-intervention scores, the experimental group also showed improvements in the ERQ cognitive reappraisal subscale (32.19±5.76, 30.92±6.18), SCSQ positive coping tendency (1.97±0.51, 1.83±0.48), and SDS scores (50.26±11.48, 50.75±11.59) (t value: -2.654, -3.027; Z value: -2.100, P<0.05). ConclusionThe emotion management course effectively enhances students’ use of cognitive reappraisal strategies while reducing reliance on expressive suppression. It also contributes to improvements in coping strategies for life events and alleviates symptoms of depression and anxiety. Universities should consider integrating emotion management education into their curricula to enhance the mental well-being of first-year students.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy， safety and economy of inclisiran in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS A rapid health technology assessment （HTA） approach was employed. HTA reports， systematic reviews（SR）/meta-analyses， and pharmacoeconomic studies related to inclisiran were systematically identified through comprehensive searches of Chinese and English databases， including PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI and Wanfang database， supplemented by HTA institutional repositories. The search timeframe spanned from database inception to April 2025. The results of the studies were descriptively analysed and summarized through literature screening， data extraction and literature quality assessment. RESULTS The final analysis included 22 studies， comprising one HTA report， 15 SR/meta-analyses， and 6 pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Regarding therapeutic efficacy， compared with control group， inclisiran could significantly reduce the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9， total cholesterol， triacylglycerol， apolipoprotein B， and lipoprotein（a）， increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol， and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. In terms of safety， the inclisiran group showed no significant difference compared with the control group in the risk of total adverse events， serious adverse events， or non-serious adverse events； however， an increased incidence of injection site reactions was observed， most of which were mild. In terms of cost-effectiveness， there were discrepancies in research conclusions both domestically and internationally. More studies indicated that inclisiran did not demonstrate cost-effectiveness advantage and would require an appropriate price reduction to meet cost-effectiveness criteria. CONCLUSIONS Inclisiran demonstrates favorable efficacy and acceptable safety in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with hypercholesterolemia， though its economic profile requires improvement.

Decoction is the most commonly used dosage form in the clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). During boiling, the violent movement of various active ingredients in TCM creates molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions, which results in the formation of self-assembled aggregates in decoction (SADs), including particles, gels, fibers, etc. It was found that SADs widely existed in decoction with biological activities superior to both effective monomers and their physical mixtures, providing a new idea to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine from the perspective of component interactions-phase structure. Recently, SADs have become a novel focus of research in TCM. This paper reviewed their relevant studies in recent years and found some issues to be concerned in the research, such as the polydispersity of decoction system, instability of active ingredient interactions during boiling, uncertainty of the aggregates self-assembly rules, and stability, purity, yield of the products. In this regard, some solutions and new ideas were presented for the integrated development and clinical application of SADs.

Humans ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Mass Screening

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two teriflunomide tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions and to evaluate their bioequivalence and safety.Methods A randomized,open,single-dose,parallel trial design was used to enroll 31 and 32 healthy Chinese male subjects in the fasting and fed groups,who were randomized to a single oral dose of 14 mg of either reference or test preparation of teriflunomide tablets.The plasma concentrations of teriflunomide were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method,and Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and perform bioequivalence analysis.Results Subjects received a single oral dose of the reference and test formulations of teriflunomide.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of teriflunomide in the fasting group were as follows:Cmax were(2.14±0.27)and(2.27±0.33)μg·mL-1,AUC0-72h were(105.70±11.20)and(107.72±11.77)μg·mL-1·h,tmax was 1.49 and 0.99 h;the main pharmacokinetic parameters of teriflunomide in the fed group were as follows:Cmaxwere(1.83±0.17)and(1.75±0.22)μg·mL-1,AUC0-72h were(102.66±9.18)and(101.57±13.01)μg·mL-1·h,tmax was 4.01 and 4.99 h.The 90％confidence intervals for the geometric means of Cmax and AUC0-72h for reference and test preparations in the fasting and fed groups were in the range of 80％to 125％.Conclusion The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the 2 formulations were similar under fasting and fed administration conditions,with good bioequivalence and safety;Postprandial administration may delay the time to peak of the drug.

Objective To evaluate the influence of health education on influenza and pneumonia vaccination in hypertensive and diabetic population. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select subjects, carry out health education and follow-up, and compare the cognition and vaccination status of diseases and vaccines before and after intervention by themselves. Results Among the 2.45% of subjects were vaccinated with influenza vaccine at the last follow-up after intervention, compared with 0.74% before intervention (P < 0.05), 9.81% of subjects were vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, compared with 0.49% before intervention (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up after intervention, 2.45% of subjects had received influenza vaccine and 9.81% of subjects had received pneumonia vaccine, with high vaccination rates before intervention (P < 0.05). In 3 follow-up visits after intervention, 32.37%, 41.00% and 38.11% of hypertension and diabetes patients were more likely to suffer from pneumonia, which were higher than 30.36% (P < 0.05). 37.22%, 44.92% and 41.39% thought pneumonia would aggravate hypertension and diabetes, respectively, which were higher than 35.80% (P < 0.05). 40.02%, 52.62% and 50.02% thought vaccination was necessary, respectively, higher than 40.07% before intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion People with hypertension and diabetes have low cognition, vaccination willingness and vaccination rate of influenza and pneumonia vaccine. Targeted health education interventions can improve the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of vaccination and improve the vaccination rate of the population.

Objective:To study the expression levels and clinical significance of microR-NA-183-5p(miR-183-5p)and thioesterase superfamily member 4(THEM4)in colon cancer tissues.Methods:A total of 96 patients with colon cancer who in Hebei China Petroleum Central Hospital gathered as the research objects.During the course of radical resection of colon cancer patients,the colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected.The relative expression levels of miR-183-5p and THEM4 mRNA in colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected.Analysis of the correlation between miR-183-5pand THEM4mRNA in colon cancer and their relation-ship with prognosis.COX regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of pa-tients with colon cancer.Results:Compared with adjacent normal tissues,the expression level of miR-183-5p in colon cancer tissues increased(P＜0.05),and the expression level of THEM4 mRNA decreased(P＜0.05).MiR-183-5p was negatively correlated with THEM4 mRNA expression in colon cancer tissue(r=-0.529,P＜0.05).The survival rate of the high expression group of miR-183-5p lower than that of the low expression group(P＜0.05),the survival rate of the high expression group of THEM4 was obviously higher than that of the low expression group(P＜0.05).TNM stage(Ⅲ-Ⅳ),high expres-sion of miR-183-5p and low expression of THEM4 were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The expression level of miR-183-5p in cancer tissues of patients with colon cancer is increased,and the expression level of THEM4 is decreased,both are closely relat-ed to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

Palmatine, the main effective ingredient of Fibraurea recisa, is a typical berberine isoquinoline alkaloid with extensive anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In this work, the studies of metabolomics and transcriptomics were utilized to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are significantly associated with the synthesis of palmatine. In addition, eight of these DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 106 alkaloids were detected in the metabolomics study, including 23 isoquinoline alkaloids. Palmatine ranked in the top ten of differential metabolites in the group of root vs leaf, and its relative content in root was about 47.5 times higher than that in leaf. In the transcriptomics study, a total of 188 genes were annotated to the pathway of isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Among them, there were 36 DEGs were significantly different. In the comparison group of root and leaf, a total of 33 DEGs were significantly different, and 30 DEGs were annotated on the biosynthetic pathway of palmatine. Finally, the results of the correlation analysis between metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that the expression patterns of four gene sequences were screened to be significantly correlated with palmatine. The results of qRT-PCR experiments showed that the expression trends of eight DEGs were consistent with the results of transcriptomic. This study not only enriched the omics data of F. recisa, but also established the foundation for the study of the synthetic biology of palmatine. It further provided a reference for the analysis of the key enzyme genes on the biosynthetic pathway of other isoquinoline alkaloids.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) has a variety of classifications, pathogenesis and pathological types. Clinical diagnosis primarily relies on serum biochemistry, while the specific classification necessitates renal puncture for biopsy, which is hindered by poor patient compliance. Therefore, it is of great significance for clinical diagnosis to find a non-invasive and rapid method to reflect the classification and progression of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, LC-MS metabolomics combined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and multiple linear regression analysis was used to screen and identify potential biomarkers capable of reflecting the typing and progression of nephrotic syndrome. According to the statistical parameters VIP>1, P<0.05 and AUC>0.5 obtained from the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model, five potential classification markers were screened to distinguish membranous nephropathy (MN) from IgA nephropathy (IgAN), including indoleacetic acid, isoleucine proline, DL-indole-3-lactic acid, D-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan. Furthermore, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential progression markers capable of reflecting the progression of MN to uremia. These metabolites included alanylleucine, 9-capryloylcarnitine, gluconic acid, caprylyl glycine and sebacic acid. Potential markers of progression of IgA nephropathy to uremia comprised alanylleucine, 9-capryloylcarnitine, caprylyl glycine, and sebacic acid. This study provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of potential classification and progression biomarkers of kidney disease, and also offers a methodological reference for future research in this area. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital [(2020) Provincial Medical Ke Lun Shen Zi No. 30].