Objective: To quantitatively assess the health risk of preservatives from beverages around primary schools in Anshun City, and to provide scientific basis for precise food safety supervision. Methods: From December 2023 to July 2024, 602 beverage samples were randomly collected from within 100 meters of 19 primary schools in Anshun City. The content of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and dehydroacetic acid was detected according to GB 5009 series standards. Combined with children s physiological parameters (body weight 30 kg, daily intake 0.15 L), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) models were used to evaluate health risks. Results: The total detection rate of preservatives from beverages around primary schools was 63.0%, and the total over limit rate was 9.0%. The detection rate of preservatives in flavored beverages was the highest (72.6%), and the highest over limit rate of preservatives in special purpose beverages was the highest (17.2%). The single preservative HQ (benzoic acid up to 0.47 ) and mixed HI (up to 0.55) of all samples were below 1(safety threshold). However, the HQ value of benzoic acid in flavored beverages (0.47) was 2.9 times that of sorbic acid (0.16), contributing significantly to health risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the daily consumption increased to 0.3 L, the HI value of flavored beverages would rise to 1.11, exceeding the safety threshold. Enterprise scale analysis showed that the exceedance rate of special purpose beverages in large enterprises reached 30.0%, while micro enterprises, accounting for a dominant market share (52.2%), constituted the main source of children s daily exposure to their products. Conclusions The overall health risk of perservatives in beverages sold near primary schools in Anshun City is controllable, but there is a noticeable risk of gradient. The risk of children’s exposure to preservatives through beverage consumption should not be ignored.

Objective To investigate the current distribution of radiotherapy resources in Gansu Province, evaluate the equity of resource allocation, and provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional resource allocation. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out to assess radiotherapy resources in medical institutions across Gansu Province, China. The equity of radiotherapy resource distribution and associated disparities were assessed using the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and Theil index. Results A total of 23 medical institutions in Gansu Province provided radiotherapy services, comprising 39 radiotherapy devices and 438 professionals, of whom medical physicists accounted for 16.9%. The radiotherapy frequency was 0.47 cases per thousand population. The Gini coefficients for radiotherapy resource distribution ranged from 0.38 to 0.56 by population and from 0.52 to 0.70 by geography. The Theil index for radiotherapy resources ranged from 1.36 to 3.67. Conclusion Radiotherapy resources in Gansu Province were insufficient, and the capacity of radiotherapy service was suboptimal. The equity of radiotherapy resource allocation by geography was worse than that by population. Therefore, it is imperative to address the shortage of radiotherapy resources, strengthen the professional workforce, enhance the capacity radiotherapy service and resource utilization, optimize resource allocation, and promote regional equity in radiotherapy provision in Gansu Province.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and elevated blood pressure among primary school students, and to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in this association, so as to provide a scientific basis for the early prevention of childhood hypertension and dietary guidance. Methods: Research conducted based on the Ma anshan Child Growth Cohort in Anhui Province. From April to June 2024, 4 057 primary school students were selected as study subjects using a multi stage cluster sampling method. Dietary information was collected via Semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to calculate the DII score. BMI was obtained by measuring students height and weight. Elevated blood pressure was defined based on the Blood Pressure Reference Standards for Children Aged 3-17 Years. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test for mediating effects. Results: The detection rate of elevated blood pressure among primary school students was 10.1% (408 cases). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, for each standard deviation increase in the DII score ( s =1.94), the risk of elevated blood pressure increased by 15% ( OR =1.15, 95% CI =1.04- 1.28 , P <0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile group of DII scores ( Q 1), students in the highest quartile group ( Q 4) had a 1.31-fold higher risk of elevated blood pressure ( OR =1.31, 95% CI =1.00-1.76, P <0.05). Restricted cubic spline results indicated a linear dose response relationship between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure( P nonlinear =0.13). The mediation analysis revealed that BMI played a partial mediating role in the association between DII scores and elevated blood pressure. The mediation effect value was 0.06 (95% CI =0.04-0.08), accounting for 44.64% of the total effect. Conclusions DII scores are associated with elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma anshan City, and BMI plays a partial mediating role in this association. Promoting an anti inflammatory dietary pattern and weight control in early childhood should be emphasized to reduce the incidence of hypertension among primary school students.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of image enhancement endoscopy (IEE) for sinonasal malignant tumors.Methods:Patients with nasal neoplasms at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were examined using white light endoscopy (WLE) and IEE. Targeted biopsy was performed after image collection, and the images were analyzed by two blinded observers. Pathological diagnosis was compared with endoscopic findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated, and P<0.05 was statistically significant. Kappa(k) was employed to assess consistency between endoscopic and histopathological diagnoses. The vascular patterns of sinonasal malignancy were compared with Ni endoscopic classification.Results:This study ultimately included 193 patients with nasal tumors, and 41 cases (21.24%, 41/193) were comfirmed histopathologically with sinonasal malignancies. WLE correctly diagnosed 18 cases (43.90%, 18/41), while IEE diagnosed 28 cases (68.29%, 28/41). Among the 41 malignancies, 28 cases (68.29%, 28/41) showed patchy/punctate patterns and tortuous vessels (Ni type Ⅴ). All 14 squamous epithelium-derived malignancies (34.15%, 14/41) had Ni type Ⅴ vessels. Of 27 non-squamous malignancies, 14 cases (34.15%, 14/41) were Ni type Ⅴ, 7 cases (17.07%, 7/41) were false negatives, 6 cases (14.63%, 6/41) that their vessels were obscured by necrotic tissue. Compared to WLE, IEE had higher sensitivity (80.00% vs 51.42%), specificity (98.68% vs 96.69%), PPV (93.33% vs 78.26%), NPV (95.51% vs 89.57%), diagnostic consistency (95.16% vs 88.17%), and κ value (0.832 vs 0.554). Conclusions:IEE improves the endoscopic diagnosis of sinonasal malignancies. Ni type Ⅴ is suitable for the diagnosis of malignant tumors of squamous epithelial malignant tumors.

The etiology of preeclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood. Recent years have seen deepening research into epigenetics, where acetylation modifications of histones have garnered significant attention for their roles in various diseases, particularly in tumor pathologies. Several studies have indicated a crucial role for histone 3 acetylation in PE and hypoxia. Additionally, abnormal expressions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and/or histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PE. This review aims to analyze the changes in histone 3 in PE, as well as the mechanisms underlying HDACs and HATs and their upstream or downstream target genes in the disease to elucidate the role of histone acetylation modifications in PE. It also seeks to uncover the potential clinical value of histone acetylation modulatory inhibitors, particularly HDAC inhibitors, in PE.

Objective·[18F]F-FMISO and[18F]F-FLT are specific PET imaging agents for detecting the hypoxia microenvironment and cell proliferation,respectively.This study aims to visualize and monitor the impact of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer on the hypoxia microenvironment and cell proliferation through[18F]F-FMISO and[18F]F-FLT PET/CT dual-nuclide imaging,with the goal of providing a theoretical basis for clinical application.Methods·The CCK-8 assay was conducted to assess drug resistance in the PANC-1/R(PR)pancreatic cancer cell line compared to the parental PANC-1(P)cell line.Subcutaneous xenograft models of pancreatic cancer were established by injecting male BALB/c nude mice with pancreatic cancer cells into the left axillary subcutaneous region.Subgroups were treated with gemcitabine(GEM)chemotherapy starting on day 18(18D-G group)or day 12(12D-G group)after inoculation of tumor cells.[18F]F-FMISO and[18F]F-FLT PET/CT imaging were performed before and after treatment to obtain semi-quantitative parameters(maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax).ΔSUVmax was calculated by using the following equation:ΔSUVmax=(SUVmax of second imaging-SUVmax of first imaging)/SUVmax of first imaging.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine the optimal threshold for the semi-quantitative parameters to assess pancreatic cancer drug resistance.Results·The CCK-8 assay confirmed that the PR cells exhibited high resistance to GEM,with a resistance index of 4.24(n=5).In vivo experiments showed that GEM chemotherapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in the parental pancreatic cancer group(12D-G group,P=0.025),whereas GEM chemotherapy accelerated tumor growth and shortened survival(18D-G and 12D-G,P=0.025)in the drug-resistant pancreatic cancer group.In addition,in the non-chemotherapy group,ΔSUVmax-FLT might be negatively correlated with survival time,while in the chemotherapy group,both ΔSUVmax-FMISO and ΔSUVmax-FLT were negatively correlated with survival time(P=0.050,P=0.006).In the 18D-G and chemotherapy group,the second imaging showed significantly lower ΔSUVmax-FMISO and ΔSUVmax-FLT in P tumors compared to PR tumors(P=0.045,P=0.050).In the 12D-G and chemotherapy group,the second imaging showed slightly lower ΔSUVmax-FLT in P tumors compared to PR tumors(P=0.051).ROC analysis identified the optimal threshold for assessing pancreatic cancer drug resistance:when ΔSUVmax-FLT=0.45 in the non-chemotherapy group,the sensitivity and specificity were 100.00%and 50.00%,respectively;when ΔSUVmax-FMISO=0.37 and ΔSUVmax-FLT=0.36 in the chemotherapy group,the sensitivity and specificity were 100.00%and 83.33%,respectively.Conclusion·[18F]F-FMISO and[18F]F-FLT PET/CT dual-nuclide imaging can be used to assess drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.The comparison of[18F]F-FMISO and[18F]F-FLT PET differences before and after chemotherapy provides the most accurate prediction of drug resistance and survival time.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

AIM:We investigated the survival,migration and differentiation abilities of human oligodendro-cyte precursor cells(hOPC)in the brains of mice with vascular dementia(VaD),the effects of hOPC on cerebral white matter,and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Mouse VaD model was constructed using the bilateral common ca-rotid artery stenosis method,and the mice were randomly divided into sham,VaD and hOPC groups.Eight weeks after model establishment,the mice in VaD and hOPC groups received equal volume of vehicle(PBS)and hOPC solution,re-spectively,through the corpus callosum.Survival,migration and differentiation of hOPC in the brain were observed by im-munofluorescence staining at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation.Twelve weeks after transplantation,the effects of hOPC on mouse brain white matter were detected by immunofluorescence staining of myelin basic protein(MBP),myelin-associ-ated glycoprotein(MAG),neurofilament protein 200(NF200)and non-phosphorylated neurofilament H(using monoclo-nal antibody SMI32),and by water maze experiments.Paracrine signaling by hOPC was explored using immunofluores-cence staining for vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).RESULTS:The hOPC survived in the brains of VaD mice for 12 weeks,migrated to damaged white matter areas,and partially differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes(approxi-mately 64%).Twelve weeks after transplantation,hOPC significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of MBP,MAG,and NF200(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and decreased the fluorescence intensity of SMI32(P<0.01).The VEGF expression in hOPC-treated mice was significantly higher than that in sham and VaD groups(P<0.01).The difference in water maze test performance between hOPC and sham groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The mice in hOPC group had a shorter latency than those in VaD group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and performed more platform crossings than those in VaD group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The hOPC can survive,migrate and differentiate in the brains of VaD mice,attenuate cerebral white matter lesions,and improve cognitive function.These improvements may be attributed to cell replacement and paracrine effects.