The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

ObjectiveTo develop an assessment tool for apraxia of speech (AOS) of Chinese Putonghua speakers and test its reliability and validity. MethodsThe Chinese Apraxia of Speech Assessment and Diagnostic Tool (CAADT) was developed based on the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale 3.5, combined with the linguistic characteristics of Chinese and clinical experience. The tool consistsed of eleven items across three sections: articulation, prosody and alternating motion rates. Six experts evaluated the content validity. From November, 2024 to May, 2025, 51 patients with post-stroke AOS (experimental group) and ten patients with post-stroke aphasia without AOS (control group) were recruited from Anhui Wannan Rehabilitation Hospital (the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu), and tested with CAADT. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, Kendall's coefficient of concordance W and Pearson correlation coefficient. Validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI) and Spearman correlation coefficient. Discriminative effect was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficients for the articulation and prosody sections and the total scale were all > 0.9, while it was 0.454 for the alternating motion rates. Inter-rater reliability was good (W ≥ 0.598, P < 0.001). Test-retest reliability showed high positive correlations for the three sections and the total score between the two assessments (r ≥ 0.84, P < 0.001). The scale-level CVI was 0.95, and the item-level CVI ≥ 0.83. The Spearman correlation coefficients among the sections ranged from 0.30 to 0.70. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.953, with a cut-off value of 11, yielding a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.90. ConclusionCAADT demonstrates good reliability, validity and discriminative effect, which can be used for clinical assessment and auxiliary diagnosis of Chinese Putonghua speaking patients with post-stroke AOS.

Heart failure （HF）， as the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases， manifests with primary symptoms including dyspnea， fatigue， edema， and palpitations. With recurrent episodes and a protracted clinical course， HF imposes a substantial global disease burden. PANoptosis represents a distinctive form of programmed cell death （PCD） that integrates features of pyroptosis， apoptosis， and necroptosis， yet cannot be fully attributed to any single pathway among these three PCD modalities. Recent studies demonstrate significant dysregulation of PANoptosis-related genes during HF progression， positioning PANoptosis as both an emerging mechanism mediating HF pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has gained substantial recognition for its therapeutic potential in HF management， offering advantages such as flexible compatibility， multi-target effects， and minimal adverse reactions. Astragali Radix， a representative Qi-invigorating and blood-activating herbal medicine， has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment for various HF subtypes. Research reveals that its major bioactive components—including astragaloside Ⅳ， polysaccharide， quercetin， and calycosin—exhibit significant associations with the regulation of apoptosis， pyroptosis， and necroptosis pathways. This review systematically explores the therapeutic feasibility of Astragali Radix in the prevention and treatment of HF through the lens of PANoptosis mechanisms. By synthesizing recent advances in the mechanisms of Astragali Radix-derived bioactive compounds and Astragali Radix-containing compound prescriptions in modulating PANoptosis， this paper aim to provide critical insights for advancing the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of HF.

Heart failure （HF）， as the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases， manifests with primary symptoms including dyspnea， fatigue， edema， and palpitations. With recurrent episodes and a protracted clinical course， HF imposes a substantial global disease burden. PANoptosis represents a distinctive form of programmed cell death （PCD） that integrates features of pyroptosis， apoptosis， and necroptosis， yet cannot be fully attributed to any single pathway among these three PCD modalities. Recent studies demonstrate significant dysregulation of PANoptosis-related genes during HF progression， positioning PANoptosis as both an emerging mechanism mediating HF pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has gained substantial recognition for its therapeutic potential in HF management， offering advantages such as flexible compatibility， multi-target effects， and minimal adverse reactions. Astragali Radix， a representative Qi-invigorating and blood-activating herbal medicine， has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment for various HF subtypes. Research reveals that its major bioactive components—including astragaloside Ⅳ， polysaccharide， quercetin， and calycosin—exhibit significant associations with the regulation of apoptosis， pyroptosis， and necroptosis pathways. This review systematically explores the therapeutic feasibility of Astragali Radix in the prevention and treatment of HF through the lens of PANoptosis mechanisms. By synthesizing recent advances in the mechanisms of Astragali Radix-derived bioactive compounds and Astragali Radix-containing compound prescriptions in modulating PANoptosis， this paper aim to provide critical insights for advancing the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of HF.

Objective: To explore parents knowledge, vaccination attitude, and willingness influencing factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine for male primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted health education strategies and promoting the popularization of boys HPV vaccination. Methods: From March 3 to 14, 2025, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 912 parents of boys in primary and secondary school in Bao an District, Shenzhen for a questionnaire survey. Data on their demographic characteristics, HPV related knowledge and its vaccine, vaccination attitude, and willingness were collected. Univariate analysis was performed by using the χ 2 test or t-test, and binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of HPV vaccine vaccination willingness. Results: The total awareness rate of parents knowledge related to HPV and its vaccine was 35.75%, among which the awareness rates of boys vaccine types ( 6.36% ), optimal age (21.16%), and optimal vaccination period (31.25%) were the lowest. The scores of parents knowledge and attitude related to HPV and its vaccine were (4.31±2.66) and (3.82±0.63). About 64.25% of parents expressed willingness to have boys vaccinated against HPV. The scores of knowledge and attitude related to HPV and its vaccine of parents with vaccination willingness (4.86±2.55, 4.02±0.58) were higher than those of parents without vaccination willingness (3.34±2.57, 3.46±0.55), and the differences were statistically significant ( t =8.59,13.96, both P <0.01). Logistic analysis showed that parents without raising daughters had a lower willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV ( OR=0.49, 95%CI =0.35-0.70); for each 1 increase in parents knowledge score related to HPV and its vaccine, the vaccination willingness increased by 9.0% ( OR=1.09, 95%CI =1.01-1.17); parents who were worried about boys infection risk ( OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.08-2.08) and parents who had their children vaccinated against HPV even if their classmates were not vaccinated ( OR=3.68, 95%CI =2.73-4.94) had higher willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV(all P <0.05). Conclusions Parents of boys in primary and secondary schools of Bao an District, Shenzhen have low scores of knowledge related to HPV and its vaccine.While parents show strong willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV, limited knowledge may hinder both the sustained growth of vaccination intentions and the actual implementation of vaccination practices.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome （MetS） is highly prevalent in patients with mental disorders， including elevated diastolic or systolic blood pressure， elevated fasting glucose， hypercholesterolemia， abdominal obesity and so on. As an important component of MetS， the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and mental disorder has been extensively reported， whereas few genome-wide association studies （GWAS） have been conducted to identify the causal role of mental disorders in hypercholesterolemia. ObjectiveTo explore the potential causal relationship between mental disorders and hypercholesterolemia by two-sample Mendelian randomization （MR） method. MethodsSummary data from GWAS were analyzed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） strongly associated with mental disorders were chosen as instrumental variables， and hypercholesterolemia was used as outcome variable. MR analysis utilized inverse-variance weighted （IVW）， MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation （WME） as the primary analytical tool， and supplemented by simple mode （SM） and weighted mode （WM）. The causal relationship between mental disorders and the risk of hypercholesterolemia was illustrated in terms of odds ratio （OR）. ResultsA total of 36 SNPs associated with mental disorders were identified as instrumental variables. The primary findings from IVW revealed existence of a causal relationship between mental disorders and hypercholesterolemia （IVW： OR=1.067， 95% CI： 1.026~1.109， P=0.001）. Findings from the additional methods （MR-Egger regression， WME， SM， WM） were basically consistent with those reported in IVW method. Further verification indicated that the causal relationship between mental disorders and the risk of hypercholesterolemia was not affected by genetic polymorphism （P>0.05）. The absence of heterogeneity was confirmed through Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression （P>0.05）. Furthermore， no causal association in the reverse direction was found （P>0.05）. ConclusionThere is a causal relationship between mental disorders and hypercholesterolemia， and patients with mental disorders may have an increased probability of suffering from hypercholesterolemia.

Objective:To explore the potential prognostic value of the HAMP(hepcidin)gene in gastric adenocarci-noma and its correlation with immune infiltration in gastric cancer.Methods:This study systematically analyzed the ex-pression characteristics of the HAMP gene using bioinformatics approaches based on mRNA data from 448 gastric ad-enocarcinoma tissues and non-tumor tissues in the TCGA database.Firstly,the cBioPortal platform was employed to analyze the genetic variation features of the HAMP gene,and the LinkedOmics database was used to evaluate the corre-lation between its methylation status and expression levels.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test was per-formed to assess the relationship between HAMP expression levels and patient prognosis.Furthermore,by integrating TIMER2.0 and TISIDB databases,we systematically evaluated the correlation between HAMP expression and immune-related genes as well as immune cell infiltration.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)was conducted to investigate HAMP-associated signaling pathway characteristics.Finally,STRING and Gepia databases were utilized to construct a protein-protein interaction network of HAMP and identify core interacting genes,comprehensively evaluating the role of HAMP in immune infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma.Results:The expression level of HAMP was significantly higher in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues compared to normal tissues(P<0.01),and its elevated expression was strongly associ-ated with poor patient prognosis,manifested by significantly shorter overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and post-progression survival(PPS)(all P<0.05).Genomic analysis revealed that HAMP mutations in gastric cancer were predominantly amplification-type,and its methylation level showed a positive correlation with mRNA expression(r=0.14,P<0.001).Immunological analysis demonstrated that high HAMP expression was significantly correlated with multiple key immune checkpoint molecules(PD-1:rho=0.274;PD-L1:rho=0.211;CTLA-4:rho=0.199,all P<0.001)and immune cell infiltration(dendritic cells:r=0.548;macrophages:r=0.414;neutrophils:r=0.374,all P<0.001).Pathway enrichment analy-sis indicated that the high HAMP expression group was significantly enriched in immune-related pathways including anti-gen presentation and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Furthermore,protein-protein interaction network analysis identified core interacting genes such as TREM2 and TYROBP,suggesting that HAMP may participate in tumor immune regulation through specific molecular networks.Conclusion:HAMP is highly expressed in gastric cancer,and its high expression significantly reduces the survival time of gastric adenocarcinoma patients,demonstrating prognostic value.HAMP ex-pression is positively correlated with most immune-related genes in STAD and significantly associated with the abun-dance of multiple immune cell infiltration levels,serving as an independent prognostic factor related to immune infiltration.