Objective: To quantitatively assess the health risk of preservatives from beverages around primary schools in Anshun City, and to provide scientific basis for precise food safety supervision. Methods: From December 2023 to July 2024, 602 beverage samples were randomly collected from within 100 meters of 19 primary schools in Anshun City. The content of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and dehydroacetic acid was detected according to GB 5009 series standards. Combined with children s physiological parameters (body weight 30 kg, daily intake 0.15 L), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) models were used to evaluate health risks. Results: The total detection rate of preservatives from beverages around primary schools was 63.0%, and the total over limit rate was 9.0%. The detection rate of preservatives in flavored beverages was the highest (72.6%), and the highest over limit rate of preservatives in special purpose beverages was the highest (17.2%). The single preservative HQ (benzoic acid up to 0.47 ) and mixed HI (up to 0.55) of all samples were below 1(safety threshold). However, the HQ value of benzoic acid in flavored beverages (0.47) was 2.9 times that of sorbic acid (0.16), contributing significantly to health risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the daily consumption increased to 0.3 L, the HI value of flavored beverages would rise to 1.11, exceeding the safety threshold. Enterprise scale analysis showed that the exceedance rate of special purpose beverages in large enterprises reached 30.0%, while micro enterprises, accounting for a dominant market share (52.2%), constituted the main source of children s daily exposure to their products. Conclusions The overall health risk of perservatives in beverages sold near primary schools in Anshun City is controllable, but there is a noticeable risk of gradient. The risk of children’s exposure to preservatives through beverage consumption should not be ignored.

ObjectiveTo develop an assessment tool for apraxia of speech (AOS) of Chinese Putonghua speakers and test its reliability and validity. MethodsThe Chinese Apraxia of Speech Assessment and Diagnostic Tool (CAADT) was developed based on the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale 3.5, combined with the linguistic characteristics of Chinese and clinical experience. The tool consistsed of eleven items across three sections: articulation, prosody and alternating motion rates. Six experts evaluated the content validity. From November, 2024 to May, 2025, 51 patients with post-stroke AOS (experimental group) and ten patients with post-stroke aphasia without AOS (control group) were recruited from Anhui Wannan Rehabilitation Hospital (the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu), and tested with CAADT. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, Kendall's coefficient of concordance W and Pearson correlation coefficient. Validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI) and Spearman correlation coefficient. Discriminative effect was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficients for the articulation and prosody sections and the total scale were all > 0.9, while it was 0.454 for the alternating motion rates. Inter-rater reliability was good (W ≥ 0.598, P < 0.001). Test-retest reliability showed high positive correlations for the three sections and the total score between the two assessments (r ≥ 0.84, P < 0.001). The scale-level CVI was 0.95, and the item-level CVI ≥ 0.83. The Spearman correlation coefficients among the sections ranged from 0.30 to 0.70. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.953, with a cut-off value of 11, yielding a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.90. ConclusionCAADT demonstrates good reliability, validity and discriminative effect, which can be used for clinical assessment and auxiliary diagnosis of Chinese Putonghua speaking patients with post-stroke AOS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the T lymphocyte subset levels and viral loads in newly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-confirmed positive cases in Suzhou (2021‒2024), and to analyze potential influencing factors by integrating their demographic characteristics, immune status, and viral replication patterns, thereby providing evidence for HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control. MethodsPeripheral whole blood samples were collected from newly confirmed HIV-positive cases in Suzhou from 2021 to 2024. T lymphocyte subset analysis and viral load testing were performed, and influencing factors were identified in combination with demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·μL^-1, and Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between logarithmic value of viral load and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. ResultsAmong the 3 022 confirmed HIV-positive samples, the median CD4⁺T lymphocyte count was 298.00 cells·μL^-1, with 882 cases (29.19%) showing CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL^-1. The median CD8⁺T lymphocyte count was 1 011.00 cells·μL^-1. The median CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio was 0.28, with 32.46% of cases exhibiting CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios <0.20, and there were statistically significant differences in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio among different genders, age groups, marital status, and sample sources (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals aged ≥20 years, those who were divorced or widowed, and cases identified through medical institutions had a significantly higher proportion of CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·µL⁻¹ compared to those aged <20 years, unmarried individuals, and cases sourced from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics, respectively. The mean logarithmic value of viral load was (4.29±1.15) copies·mL^-1. The logarithmic value of viral load demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with both CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (r=-0.43, P<0.001) and CD4⁺T lymphocyte count (r=-0.37, P<0.001). ConclusionA substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Suzhou are late presenters with high viral load levels. Targeted interventions should prioritize high-risk populations through enhanced active surveillance and the implementation of combined T lymphocyte subsets analysis and viral load testing, which can enable earlier case-finding and timely antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Background Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body, potentially leading to multi-systemic impairment. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning techniques offer unique advantages, opening new avenues for occupational health risk assessment and the exploratory analysis of complex associations. Objective To examine the association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators and to identify key risk factors for lead toxicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, integrating occupational hygiene investigation results from 16 lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province with occupational health examination data from 1914 lead-exposed workers. Inter-group differences were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Binary logistic regression and machine learning algorithms [CatBoost, Naive Bayes model (NBM), and random forest (RF)] were employed to evaluate the association between blood lead (PbB), urine lead (PbU), and health indicators including blood pressure (BP), red blood cell count (RBC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Results The prevalence of abnormal PbB and PbU were 14.52% and 9.35%, respectively. The risks of abnormal BP, RBC, and ALT were significantly increased in the population with high lead levels (P<0.05). PbB abnormalities were closely associated with gender, environmental lead concentration, wearing masks, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Regarding occupational hazards, workers exposed to lead dust had a 1.98-fold risk of PbU abnormality compared to those exposed to lead fumes. The plate coating and acid leaching process posed the highest risk for both PbB (OR=8.81) and PbU (OR=5.46) abnormalities compared with assembly process. Furthermore, the risks of PbB and PbU abnormalities were significantly elevated among workers with abnormal BP, RBC or ALT (P<0.05). Among the models, CatBoost performed best in predicting RBC abnormality (accuracy: 95.8%; precision: 44.9%; F1 score: 0.952; AUC: 0.981). Feature importance analysis identified PbB and PbU as the core factors affecting abnormal RBC and ALT, while RBC and ALT abnormalities as key features for predicting the risk of PbB and PbU abnormalities. Conclusion By integrating traditional statistical methods with machine learning, this study reveals a complex bidirectional association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators, and identifies gender, job category, and environmental Pb concentration as the key factors influencing PbB abnormalities. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the implementation of precision occupational health management models.

Background Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body, potentially leading to multi-systemic impairment. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning techniques offer unique advantages, opening new avenues for occupational health risk assessment and the exploratory analysis of complex associations. Objective To examine the association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators and to identify key risk factors for lead toxicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, integrating occupational hygiene investigation results from 16 lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province with occupational health examination data from 1914 lead-exposed workers. Inter-group differences were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Binary logistic regression and machine learning algorithms [CatBoost, Naive Bayes model (NBM), and random forest (RF)] were employed to evaluate the association between blood lead (PbB), urine lead (PbU), and health indicators including blood pressure (BP), red blood cell count (RBC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Results The prevalence of abnormal PbB and PbU were 14.52% and 9.35%, respectively. The risks of abnormal BP, RBC, and ALT were significantly increased in the population with high lead levels (P<0.05). PbB abnormalities were closely associated with gender, environmental lead concentration, wearing masks, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Regarding occupational hazards, workers exposed to lead dust had a 1.98-fold risk of PbU abnormality compared to those exposed to lead fumes. The plate coating and acid leaching process posed the highest risk for both PbB (OR=8.81) and PbU (OR=5.46) abnormalities compared with assembly process. Furthermore, the risks of PbB and PbU abnormalities were significantly elevated among workers with abnormal BP, RBC or ALT (P<0.05). Among the models, CatBoost performed best in predicting RBC abnormality (accuracy: 95.8%; precision: 44.9%; F1 score: 0.952; AUC: 0.981). Feature importance analysis identified PbB and PbU as the core factors affecting abnormal RBC and ALT, while RBC and ALT abnormalities as key features for predicting the risk of PbB and PbU abnormalities. Conclusion By integrating traditional statistical methods with machine learning, this study reveals a complex bidirectional association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators, and identifies gender, job category, and environmental Pb concentration as the key factors influencing PbB abnormalities. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the implementation of precision occupational health management models.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association and translational mechanism between the hepatotoxicity of Xianling Gubao （XLGB） and its treatment of osteoporosis based on a zebrafish model. MethodsZebrafish were randomly selected four days after fertilization （4 dpf） and exposed to different concentrations of XLGB （0.7，0.35 mg·L^-1） for 96 h. At the endpoint of the exposure， the mortality rates of zebrafish in the treatment groups of different concentrations were counted， and the "dose-toxicity" curves were plotted. The 10% sublethal concentration （LC₁₀） was calculated. The liver area， acridine orange staining， and pathological tissue sections of transgenic zebrafish ［CZ16 （gz15Tg.Tg （fabp 10a： ds Red； ela31： EGFP）］ were used as indicators to confirm the hepatic damage caused by the sublethal concentration of XLGB. By using the prednisolone （PNSL）-induced osteoporosis model of zebrafish， the anti-osteoporosis activity of XLGB was evaluated by using the area of skull stained by alizarin red and the cumulative optical density value as indicators. Then， the toxicity difference of XLGB on the liver of zebrafish in healthy and osteoporotic states was compared， and the mechanism of the translational action of the toxicity of XLGB was predicted based on network pharmacology and real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. ResultsThe LC₁₀ of XLGB on zebrafish （8 dpf） was 0.7 mg·L^-1. Compared with the blank group， the sublethal concentration （LC₁₀=0.7 mg·L^-1， 1/2 LC₁₀=0.35 mg·L^-1） of XLGB induced an increase in the number of apoptosis of hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner， and the tissue arrangement of the liver was disordered and loose. The vacuoles were obvious， and the fluorescence area of the liver was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the mineralized area and cumulative optical density value of zebrafish skull in the PNSL model group were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and those in the 0.7，0.35 mg·L^-1 XLGB treatment group were significantly increased compared with the model group （P<0.01）. Most importantly， 0.7 mg·L^-1 XLGB had no significant effect on the liver of zebrafish in the osteoporosis disease model compared with the blank group. The results of network pharmacology and real-time PCR experiments showed that the toxic transformation of XLGB might be related to the differences in the expression levels of key targets， such as tumor protein 53 （TP53）， cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3（Caspase-3）， interleukin（IL）-6， and alkaline phosphatase（ALP） in different organismal states. ConclusionUnder certain conditions， XLGB has hepatotoxicity in normal zebrafish， but under osteoporotic conditions， XLGB not only exerts significant anti-osteoporosis activity but also alleviates hepatotoxicity significantly， which provides a reference for the safe clinical use of XLGB and real evidence for the theories of traditional Chinese medicine of attacking poison with poison and of treating disease with corresponding drugs without damage to the body.

[Objective] To assess the data characteristics of quality monitoring indicators for red blood cell (RBC) preparations, so as to provide reference for continuous improvement of blood quality. [Methods] The quality inspection data of 6 types of RBC preparations from Chongqing blood center from 2019 to 2023 were summarized. For the same indicators, the numerical range of quality indicators was monitored by comparing different types of preparations with the national standard GB18469. The loss and/or damage to RBCs caused by different preparation process were compared, and the impact of different preparation processes on the quality of RBCs was discussed. [Results] The appearance and sterility test compliance rates of the six types of RBC preparations were both 100%, while the compliance rates of other items were all ≥75%. The compliance rate of hematocrit for suspended RBCs was the lowest at 75%, with a median of 0.52, which was close to the lower limit of GB18469, while the medians of hematocrit for the other types were all at the midline level of GB18469. The Hb content for different types of RBCs was significantly higher than the corresponding requirements of GB18469 (P<0.05). The hemolysis rate at the end of storage for different types of RBCs was significantly lower than the requirements of GB18469 (P<0.05). The 1 U leukoreduction process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of about 5% and had a significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P<0.05). The washing process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of <3% and had no significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P>0.05). The concentration process resulted in a hemoglobin content loss of <3% and had a significant impact on the hemolysis rate at the end of storage (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The impact of different processes on RBC preparations is within a controllable range and meets the requirements of GB18469. The quality monitoring data can provide a reference for clinical blood selection, effectiveness evaluation and revision of related standards.

Advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and emerging technologies are rapidly expanding the exploration of chemical space,facilitating innovative drug discovery.However,the transformation of novel compounds into safe and effective drugs remains a lengthy,high-risk,and costly process.Comprehensive early-stage evaluation is essential for reducing costs and improving the success rate of drug development.Despite this need,no comprehensive tool currently supports systematic evaluation and efficient screening.Here,we present druglikeFilter,a deep learning-based framework designed to assess drug-likeness across four critical dimensions:1)physicochemical rule evaluated by systematic determination,2)toxicity alert investigated from multiple perspectives,3)binding affinity measured by dual-path analysis,and 4)compound synthesizability assessed by retro-route prediction.By enabling automated,multidimensional filtering of compound libraries,druglikeFilter not only streamlines the drug development process but also plays a crucial role in advancing research efforts towards viable drug candidates,which can be freely accessed at https://idrblab.org/drugfilter/.

Objective:To investigate the impact and potential mechanisms of Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 (Sorbs2) on ventricular arrhythmias in mice.Methods:In the animal experiments, mating was performed using six 8-week-old Sorbs2 +/- mice (3 males and 3 females) weighing 20-22 g. Wild-type (Sorbs2 +/+, n=8) and homozygous (Sorbs2 -/-, n=6) offspring were selected as experimental subjects through genotyping. Echocardiography was performed at 16 weeks of age to record cardiac function parameters in both groups. Resting-state and caffeine-dobutamine-induced electrocardiograms were also conducted. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Sorbs2 messenger RNA expression in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, small intestine, and skeletal muscle tissues of wild-type mice. Western blotting was employed to measure the protein expression levels of Sorbs2 and voltage-dependent sodium channel alpha subunit 1.5 (Na v1.5) in myocardial tissues from both groups. In the cell experiments, H9C2 cells were transfected with Sorbs2 small interfering RNA as the si-Sorbs2 group, with a corresponding si-negative control group established. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression levels of Sorbs2 and Na v1.5 in both groups. Results:Sorbs2 was abundantly expressed in cardiac tissue. Compared with wild-type mice, homozygous mice exhibited larger left ventricular end-systolic diameter, along with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening ( P all<0.05). Resting-state electrocardiograms revealed no spontaneous arrhythmias in either group; however, homozygous mice showed shorter RR intervals but longer QRS and QTc intervals versus wild-type mice ( P all<0.05). Following caffeine and dobutamine induction, homozygous mice demonstrated a higher incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, longer arrhythmia duration, and higher ventricular arrhythmia scores than wild-type mice ( P all<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that Na v1.5 protein expression was markedly lower in myocardial tissues of homozygous mice compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, si-Sorbs2-transfected H9C2 cells exhibited lower Na v1.5 protein levels compared to the si-negative control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Sorbs2 plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac electrophysiological function. Deficiency of Sorbs2 may lead to impaired cardiac function and increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in mice, which could be associated with reduced expression of Na v1.5 protein.

AIM:To compare the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)af-ter exposure to the high-altitude hypoxic environ-ment for different periods,and their relationship with the dynamic changes of microcirculatory disor-ders associated with pulmonary edema.METH-ODS:SD rats were raised under normoxic condi-tions at an altitude of 400 m and under hypoxic conditions at an altitude of 4 200 m.The rats raised under hypoxic conditions at an altitude of 4 200 m for 7 days were returned to normoxic con-ditions at 400 m to observe the changes in physio-logical and pathological indicators of the rats.The dynamic changes of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)release and microcirculatory disorders relat-ed to pulmonary edema after high-altitude hypoxia exposure and after returning to the plain were ex-plored by blood routine determination,rat arterial blood gas analysis,ELISA experiment,lung water content determination,H&E staining,and immuno-histochemical staining.RESULTS:In the hypoxic en-vironment at 4 200 m,rats exhibited significant re-ductions in arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)and partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)(P＜0.01),accompa-nied by a marked increase in lung-tissue water con-tent(P＜0.01).The complete blood count revealed elevated levels of red blood cells,white blood cells,lymphocytes,and neutrophils(P＜0.01).In addition,the formation and release of NETs in neutrophils in-creased,accompanied by an aggravation of the in-flammatory response.After returning to the low-al-titude normoxic area at 400 m,the above indica-tors gradually returned to normal levels on the 7th day.Pathological changes such as alveolar epitheli-al cell shedding and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the lung tissues of rats in the high-altitude area,and the pathological changes were restored after returning to the low-altitude normoxic environment.CONCLUSION:The release of NETs from neutrophils is closely related to the re-covery of pulmonary edema and pulmonary ede-ma-related microcirculatory disorders after high-al-titude hypoxia exposure.