Kui was first recorded in The Rites of Zhou and is the earliest domesticated wild vegetable in China. In the Qi Min Yao Shu, Kui was called “the master of all vegetables” and has a long history of application in China. As a medicine, Kuizi was first recorded in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic, which has a history of more than 2 000 years of medicinal use and a long history of clinical application. By researching the ancient and modern herbal literature, the first herbs texts of Kui were examined, various recorded texts, confused products and the history of the original medicinal use were clarified. It was concluded that the ancient herbal texts recorded the base plant of Kui as Malva verticillata L. belonging to family Malvaceae, which provided scientific basis for the development and utilization of Kui.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of decoctions from four kinds of processed products of Aconiti Radix Lateralis Praeparata（ARLP） in deficiency-cold syndrome. MethodsA total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Shengfupian（SFP） group， Paofuzi（PFZ） group， Heishunpian（HSP） group and Paofupian（PFP） group with 6 rats in each group. Except for the control group， rats in other groups were administered hydrocortisone sodium succinate via intramuscular injection to induce a cold deficiency syndrome model. After 14 consecutive days， each ARLP decoction pieces was administered via continuous gastric lavage at a dose of 12 g·kg^-1·d^-1 for 7 d， while the control and model groups received an equivalent volume of physiological saline. After the end of administration， body weight， spleen weight and thymus weight were measured for calculating the spleen and thymus indexes. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of adrenal tissue. The fully automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to measure the total cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG）， lactic dehydrogenase（LDH） and lactate（LAC） levels in serum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was employed to measure the contents of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid（17-OHCS）， cortisol（CORT）， triiodothyronine（T₃）， thyroxine（T₄）， thyrotropin（TSH）， immunoglobulin（Ig） M， IgG， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） and cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP）. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of protein kinase A（PKA）， cAMP response element-binding protein（CREB）， silent information regulator 1（Sirt1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α（PGC-1α）. And high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the content of major alkaloids， followed by Pearson correlation analysis with pharmacodynamic indicators. ResultsAfter modeling， compare with the control group， the model rats exhibited symptoms such as lethargy and loose stools， mild abnormalities were observed in adrenal tissue structure， and both spleen and thymus indices were significantly reduced（P<0.01）. Thyroid， adrenal and immune system functions were suppressed， with decreased serum cAMP level and significantly elevated cGMP level（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the adrenal injury by hydrocortisone sodium succinate were repaired and the spleen index were increased significantly in all four ARLP groups（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The thymus index in SFP and PFZ groups were increased significantly（P<0.05）. The contents of T₃， TSH， 17-OHCS and CORT were increased significantly in SFP and PFZ groups（P<0.05）. In addition， the content of IgG in SFP， PFZ and PFP groups were increased significantly（P<0.01）， while the content of IgM in PFZ and HSP groups were also increased significantly（P<0.05）. Regarding the cyclic nucleotide system， PFZ significantly elevated cAMP level while reducing cGMP level（P<0.05）， exhibiting the most pronounced effect among the four decoction pieces. For energy metabolism indicators， PFZ significantly improved abnormal markers including TC， TG， LDH， and LAC（P<0.05）. HSP showed marked improvement effects on TG， LDH， and LAC（P<0.05）. Both PFZ and SFP significantly elevated the expression levels of PKA， CREB， Sirt1， and PGC-1α proteins（P<0.01）. Additionally， the diester alkaloids in ARLP showed a strong positive correlation with TG， IgG， and CORT， a strong negative correlation with LAC， a moderate positive correlation with T₄， and moderate negative correlations with cAMP and spleen index. Monomeric alkaloids showed strong positive correlations with TG and IgG， strong negative correlations with LAC， moderate positive correlations with CORT and T₄， and moderate negative correlations with cAMP and spleen index. However， the content of water-soluble alkaloids showed strong positive correlations with TC， LDH， 17-OHCS， T₃， TSH， and thymus index， moderate positive correlations with cAMP， CORT， T₄， and spleen index， and moderate negative correlation with cGMP. ConclusionAmong different processed ARLP decoction pieces， PFZ processed according to ZHANG Zhongjing's method exhibits the most potent warming and cold-dispelling effects. Its pharmacological actions are mediated through regulating the thyroid， adrenal， immune， cyclic nucleotide systems， and material-energy metabolism pathways. Among these， water-soluble alkaloids show strong or moderate correlations with more indicators of deficiency-cold syndrome and exhibit the highest content in PFZ. Therefore， PFZ processed according to ZHANG Zhongjing's method may exert its warming and cold-dispelling effects through water-soluble alkaloids.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in the treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) with mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent MVP for IE with MR at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2016 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical incision: those with a right mini-thoracotomy were classified as a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group, and those with a median sternotomy (MS) were classified as an MS group. All patients had isolated mitral valve involvement. Perioperative data were analyzed, and mid- to long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 86 patients were included, with 40 in the MIS group [22 males and 18 females, with a mean age of (39.78±15.36) years ranging from 14 to 75 years] and 46 in the MS group [27 males and 19 females, with a mean age of (49.94±16.13) years ranging from 14 to 71 years]. The patients in the MIS group were relatively younger (P=0.004) with better preoperative cardiac function (P=0.004). There was no statistical difference in preoperative fever, gender, or comorbidities between the two groups (P>0.05). The MIS group had shorter postoperative ventilation times, less postoperative 24-hour drainage, less blood transfusion, and shorter total hospital stays compared to the MS group (P＜0.05). There was no statistical difference in cardiopulmonary bypass times or ICU stays between the two groups (P>0.05). The perioperative complication rates and mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Follow-up was conducted for 11-92 months, with a mean duration of (49±19) months and an overall follow-up rate of 91.9%. During the follow-up, 3 patients in each group required reoperation for mitral valve issues, with no statistical difference in incidence (7.5% vs. 6.5%, P=0.691). There were no warfarin-related complications, recurrences, or deaths in either group during follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis identified age, preoperative cardiac function, and surgeon experience as influencing factors for the choice of surgical approach. Conclusion Minimally invasive MVP for IE with MR is relatively safe in the perioperative period and shows significant efficacy, with clear mid- to long-term outcomes. It is recommended for younger patients with better preoperative cardiac function and when performed by surgeons with extensive experience in mitral valvuloplasty.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective To establish a competency evaluation indicator system for school physicians. Methods A preliminary pool of competency indicators for school physicians was established through systematic literature review and policy document analysis. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations with 16 experts who involve in educational administration, clinical medicine, public health management, and school healthcare. Based on the opinions of the experts, the indicator system was screened, revised, and refined to establish the final competency evaluation indicator system for school physicians. Results The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultations were both 100.0%. The expert authority coefficient were 0.93 and 0.94, and Kendall′s coefficients of concordance were 0.21 and 0.26, respectively (both P<0.01). The final competency evaluation indicator system for school physicians consisted of five primary indicators, including basic medical service capacity, school health service capacity, health education and communication capacity, professional ethics and competency, and self-improvement capacity, as well as 35 secondary indicators (items). All indicators received relatively high importance scores. The system demonstrated a reasonable structure, good scientific validity, and practical applicability. Conclusion The competency evaluation indicator system for school physicians developed in this study demonstrates high scientific validity and practicality. It can serve as an important tool for school physician management, competency development, and performance evaluation, providing references for improving school health service quality and strengthening the construction of school physician teams.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with esophageal cancer, providing an objective basis for clinical selection and optimization of models. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases such as VIP, Wanfang, CNKI, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for studies related to the risk prediction models of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with esophageal cancer from the inception to September 30, 2024. The PROBAST tool was used to assess the quality of prognostic model research, and the RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis of predictive factors. Results A total of 17 articles were included, containing 26 pulmonary infection risk prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranged from 0.627 to 0.942, among which 21 models had good predictive performance (AUC>0.7). Quality assessment through the PROBAST tool revealed that all 17 articles had a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis results showed that common predictive factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer included smoking history (OR=1.97), smoking index ≥200 (cigarettes-years) (OR=4.38), smoking index ≥400 (cigarettes-years) (OR=2.00), age (OR=1.27), comorbid diabetes (OR=2.13), comorbid emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=1.55), low plasma albumin levels (OR=1.17), prognostic nutritional index (OR=4.45), history of related lung diseases (OR=2.10), tumor location (OR=2.32), surgical approach (OR=2.21), operation time (OR=1.73), preoperative serum procalcitonin levels (OR=3.06), anastomotic leakage (OR=3.39), reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity ratio (OR=0.86), and hoarseness (OR=2.23). Conclusion At present, the risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer are still in the stage of continuous development and optimization, and their research quality needs to be further improved. Future research can refer to the predictive factors summarized in this study based on meta-analysis, combined with clinical practice, to select appropriate methods to construct and validate the risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer, thus providing early targeted preventive strategies for high-risk patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of modified Longdan Xiegan Tang on wound healing and inflammatory factors after surgery for perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome. MethodsA prospective randomized controlled design was adopted. A total of 110 patients with perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome admitted to Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2024 to January 2025 were included and randomly assigned into two groups， each with 55 patients according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment + placebo oral administration after surgery， and the observation group received modified Longdan Xiegan Tang oral administration on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment， with a course of 14 days. Clinical efficacy， Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） score， wound secretion score， TCM symptom score， wound healing rate， wound healing time， wound infection rate， inflammatory factors ［interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］， wound healing-related indicators ［fibronectin （FN）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and prealbumin （PA）］ and adverse reactions were determined in both groups. ResultsThree cases in the observation group and three cases in the control group dropped out， with 104 cases actually completing the study. The repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both groups showed decreased VAS scores， wound secretion scores， TCM syndrome scores， and levels of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， and MMP-9 and increased levels of PA and FN after treatment （P<0.05）. During treatment and on day 14 after surgery， the observation group had lower VAS score， wound secretion score， TCM syndrome score， and levels of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， and MMP-9 and higher levels of PA and FN than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group showed higher wound healing rate， shorter wound healing time， and lower wound infection than the control group （P<0.01）. The comprehensive efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group （χ²=5.216， P<0.05）. No serious adverse events occurred in patients during the study， and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Longdan Xiegan Tang can ameliorate wound condition， reduce inflammatory response， and promote wound healing in patients with perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome after surgery， with good safety.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of modified Longdan Xiegan Tang on wound healing and inflammatory factors after surgery for perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome. MethodsA prospective randomized controlled design was adopted. A total of 110 patients with perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome admitted to Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2024 to January 2025 were included and randomly assigned into two groups， each with 55 patients according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment + placebo oral administration after surgery， and the observation group received modified Longdan Xiegan Tang oral administration on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment， with a course of 14 days. Clinical efficacy， Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） score， wound secretion score， TCM symptom score， wound healing rate， wound healing time， wound infection rate， inflammatory factors ［interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］， wound healing-related indicators ［fibronectin （FN）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and prealbumin （PA）］ and adverse reactions were determined in both groups. ResultsThree cases in the observation group and three cases in the control group dropped out， with 104 cases actually completing the study. The repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both groups showed decreased VAS scores， wound secretion scores， TCM syndrome scores， and levels of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， and MMP-9 and increased levels of PA and FN after treatment （P<0.05）. During treatment and on day 14 after surgery， the observation group had lower VAS score， wound secretion score， TCM syndrome score， and levels of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， and MMP-9 and higher levels of PA and FN than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group showed higher wound healing rate， shorter wound healing time， and lower wound infection than the control group （P<0.01）. The comprehensive efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group （χ²=5.216， P<0.05）. No serious adverse events occurred in patients during the study， and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Longdan Xiegan Tang can ameliorate wound condition， reduce inflammatory response， and promote wound healing in patients with perianal abscess of heat-toxin accumulation syndrome after surgery， with good safety.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and effective predictive indicators for postpartum hemor-rhage(PPH)in pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia(sPE)in singleton pregnancies.The findings will serve as a valuable reference for the clinical prevention and management of PPH in these patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 932 pregnant women with sPE at two tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou from January 1,2016,to December 31,2022.Among these,95 cases were complicated by PPH.A comparative analysis was performed between the sPE group and the sPE with PPH group.Results(1)The incidence of assisted reproductive technology,intrapartum blood loss,placental abruption,elevated D-dimer levels,increased monocyte counts,and higher SIRI levels were significantly higher in the PPH group,whereas platelet counts were significantly lower(P<0.05).(2)The results indicated that intrapartum blood loss,D-dimer levels,and platelet counts were inde-pendently associated with PPH in pregnant women with sPE.(3)The area under the curve(AUC)for intrapartum blood loss,D-dimer,and platelet counts were 0.805,0.717,and 0.571,respectively.The optimal cutoff value for D-dimer was determined to be 2.295 μg/mL.The combined AUC for intrapartum blood loss and D-dimer was 0.859.(4)Intrapartum blood loss values were significantly higher in the PPH group for both vaginal delivery and cesarean section(P<0.001).The corresponding optimal cutoff values were 285 mL and 375 mL,respectively.Conclusions Intrapartum haemorrhage,D-dimer levels,and platelet count were identified as independent risk factors for PPH in pregnant women with sPE.Specifically,pregnant women with sPE who experienced blood loss exceeding 285 mL during vaginal delivery or 375 mL during caesarean section,along with a D-dimer level greater than 2.295 μg/mL,demonstrated an increased likelihood of developing PPH.Therefore,it is crucial to enhance clinical monitoring of these relevant indicators in high-risk populations.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of social skills and problem behaviors of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the association with core symptoms.Methods:A total of 409 patients aged 5-18 years old with ASD or ADHD in the outpatient department of Nanjing Brain Hospital from 2023 to 2024, and 344 children and adolescents with typical development(TD) were recruited.All participants were matched in a ratio of 1∶1∶1 (ASD∶ADHD∶TD) according to gender and age, and 97 participants were included in each group for analysis.The Chinese version of the social skills improvement system rating scales(SSIS-RS-C) was used to evaluate social skills and problem behaviors, and autistic child behavior checklist(ABC), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), the Chinese version of the social communication questionnaire(SCQ) and the Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version Ⅳ scale-parent form(SNAP-Ⅳ) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of ASD and ADHD, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform variance, Chi-square test, Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The social skills score of ASD group was lower than ADHD group ((61.53±24.26) vs (80.89±15.19), P<0.05), while the problem behavior score of ASD group was higher than ADHD group ((38.82±11.92) vs (34.00±12.45), P<0.05). In ASD group, the scores of ABC, CARS and SCQ were negatively correlated with the score of social skills ( r=-0.26--0.55, P<0.05). In ADHD group, the total score and each subscale of SNAP-Ⅳ were positively correlated with the score of problem behavior ( r=0.25-0.65, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that empathy was a negative influencing factor of ASD ( B=-0.246, OR=0.782, P<0.05), and hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ASD ( B=0.589, OR=1.802, P<0.01), while only hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ADHD( B=0.779, OR=2.180, P<0.01). Conclusion:Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD both have defects in social skills and problem behaviors, and these defects are associated with the core characteristics of their respective diseases.