Relationship of oocyte diameter and risk factors, embryo development during IVF treatment Introduction: We aimed to determine whether the simple non-invasive measurement of oocyte size using a time-lapse system and assess the impact on occurrence of fertilization and embryo quality in assisted reproduction cycles. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed on 70 infertile patients who underwent the first IVF cycle at Mon-CL hospital. A total of 70 cycles which yielded 483 metaphase II oocytes were included in the analysis. In addition, we evaluated age, body mass index, ovarian reserve markers, fertilization and good embryo rate. The results were processed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The patients’s age ranged from 22 to 45 years (34.94±4.89 on average). The mean oocyte cytoplasmic diameter was 115.35±5.19 µm, total diameter was 167.61±9.61 µm, zona pellucida thickness was 21.58±4.09. There was no statistically significant association between oocyte size and the occurrence of fertilization or the qualitative embryo classification on day 3. Age, body mass index, cause of infertility, and ovarian response did not affect oocyte sizes.

BACKGROUND. In the world, infertility occurs in 10-15% of the total couples and male infertility accounts for 40-50% of the infertile cases. Infertility frequency in Mongolia is 8.7% in 2003 and 11.6% in 2013. According to the Child and Maternity hospital study, 25.6% of infertility is due to men. Microdeletions of the Y chromosome long arm are the most common molecular genetic causes of severe infertility in men. They affect three regions including azoospermia factors (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc), which contain various genes involved in spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between sexual hormones and AZF microdeletion on Y chromosome in Mongolian infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Through a cross sectional study, 50 infertile men were examined for Y chromosome microdeletions from January 2018 to August 2018. We determined hormone level, testis biopsy and microdeletions of the Y chromosome using six loci of 3 regions of the AZF gene were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Semen analysis was performed on samples obtained by self-masturbation at the hospital after 2-7 days of sexual abstinence. Reproductive hormone level in serum including total testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and LH is measured at time 8 am to 11 am. If sperm is not recovered, testicular biopsy was performed on the patient. All collected datas were evaluated with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0). RESULTS. The rate of microdeletion was 4.0% (2 out of 50 patients). The deletion was on AZFa in the first patient, AZFc in the second patient. The patients with Y chromosome microdeletion had azoospermia. AZFa deleted patient has sertoli cell only syndrome in testis biopsy with FSH 58.0 mIU/ml, LH 12.0 mIU/ml, total testosterone 5.0 ng/ml. AZFc deleted patient had FSH 23.85 mIU/ml, LH 13.01 mIU/ml, total testosterone 4.06 ng/ml. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly higher in Y chromosome deleted group and FSH level was significantly lower in sperm-retrieved group on TESE. СONCLUSION. We determined 2 cases of Y chromosome microdeletion (4.0%) in infertile men. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly higher in Y chromosome deleted group.

BACKGROUND Bovine colostrums is the milk secreted by cows during the first few days after parturition. It contains many essential nutrients and bioactive components, including growth factors, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and cytokines ets. Lactoferrin has been reported for its multifunctional properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aims of this study focused on the isolation and purification of lactoferrin from Mongolian bovine colostrums. Lactoferrin purified using HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography. Lactoferrin purification efficiency was about 60.5%. The single band of purified lactoferrin has been observed in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. METHODS Bovine colostrum was collected at a cow farm in the Darkhan province of Mongolia. At first the cream was separated by centrifugation (10000 xg 20 min at 4oC). In order to separate the whey, the samples were precipitated with 1mol/l to pH 4.6 and centrifuged at 10000 g 20 min again. The samples of whey were stored at -18oC to the analysis. Lactoferrin was purified by HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography using 0.005 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.7) and linear gradient NaCl from 0.25M, 0.5M, 1M. During chromatography, protein in the eluents was monitored by ultraviolet absorbation at 280 nm with the instrument. Purity test done by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturated condition (SDS-PAGE) method by Laemmli (1970). For HPLC determination of the lactoferrin by Shimadzu Nexera X2 HPLC system with UV/ VIS detector were used. Detection was carried out at the wavelength 280 nm. Separation was performed on a chromatographic column Protein R C18 ,2.2 x 150 mm, 5 μm particle size. Linear gradient and flow rate 0.2 ml/min were used. Mobile phase a consisted of water / acetonitrile/ trifluoroacetic acid ( 95:5:0.1). The column temperature was set at 40oC and injection volume was 10 μl. Data were collected and evaluated by software Lab Solution. An external standard method for quantification analytes was used. RESULTS Purified lactoferrin in the present study had a good concentration and purification efficiency was about 60.5 %. Protein fraction from 1M NaCl gradient delivers sharp and clean peak to HPLC chromatogram that fits intensity and retention time of standard bovine lactoferrin. Ammount of lactoferrin in bovine colostrums was 0.6 mg/ml and it`s molecular weight 80 kDa as a standard sample. The retention time of lactoferrin fraction which is purified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The peak of fraction same compared to the standard lactoferrin 5.8 minutes by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION Ion exchange chromatography shows reliable and easy isolation of lactoferrin from Mongol bovine colostrum.

Background: There are 13283 people per 100 000 were diagnosed with skin cancer in 2016. Skin cancer is reported not widely in Mongolia. However, melanoma and non-melanoma new case are gradually increasing since 2010. Rhubarb is an old and well-known traditional Mongolian herbal medicine. Rhubarb is rich of bioactive compounds and widely distributed around Mongolia. People are still using Rhubarb as in food consumption and traditional medical treatments. Yet, there is not reported any therapeutic effect of rhubarb based on scientific research.PurposeTo investigate the anti-cancer activities of rhubarb (Rheum undulatum.L), a new herbal preparation from Mongolia, on B16F10 cells Material and Methods: The shoot of rhubarb was soaked with 40% ethanol and methanol. Murine melanoma B16F10 and RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Cell viability was determined CCK-8 assay. The antimigratory effect of Rhubarb (50-400 μg/μl) was investigated by a wound healing assay for 12 hours. Apoptosis was then evaluated by Western blot analysis. All experiments conducted at Core laboratory of Mongolian national university of medical sciences and Genomics laboratory of Mongolian university of life sciences from November 2015 to February 2017. Results: Ethanol and methanol extract of rhubarb inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 and RAW264.7 cells. In WHMA, cell migration was gradually decreased by concentrate dependent groups compare to the control group. Furthermore, protein expression PARP, Akt, BCL2, BAX and mTOR was investigated. BAX, Akt were down-regulated by rhubarb extraction as expected. DNA fragmentation assay have shown a dose dependent increase in the fragmentation of the DNA signifying apoptotic changes in the R.u extract treated B16F10 cells. Conclusion Rhubarb (Rheum undulatum.L) shows promising anti-cancer activity and can be useful in therapeutic treatment of skin cancer.

Background:The cardiovascular disease especially coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in worldwide. There is lack of research study which evaluated stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis. It is known that coronary stenosis is highly connected to the levels of biomarkers. Coronary atherosclerosis correlated with endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) levels in a group of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease.Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between the coronary atherosclerosis and levels of EDNRAMethods:A total of 311 participants were involved in this study. A case-control study was used in the study. The baselines data were collected from the department of Angiography at the National Third Central Hospital and National lilood Transfusion and Research center. We have determined the degree of coronary atherosclerosis using the Angiography machine and Elisa were used for detecting the blood endothelin levels in all groups.Results:98 participants were diagnosed with stenosis and occlusion. The blood endothelin levels were estimated to 6.32±0.64 pg/ml which refer to () degree of coronary stenosis, the first degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.56±0.22pg/ml, the second degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.42J0.34 pg/ml, the third degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.87 H). 13 pg/ml, the fourth degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is I'SlilllSltll lo 5.69±0.09 pg/ml, it was estimated to 5.88±0.13 pg/ml in control groups. Level of EDNRA (occupying one segment of coronary artery) was estimated to 5.77±0.08 pg/ml. two segment involvement was estimated to 5.72±0.16 pg/ml, three segment involvement 5.73±0.19 pg/ml. four segments involvement 5.50±0.25 pg/ml, respectively.Conclusion:The blood endothelin level and coronary artery stenosis were not correlated statistically significant in control group of the study. However, blood endothelin levels were increased in patients who tend to experience the coronary artery stenosis.