Objective The tests of three types of auditory evoked potentials （AEPs） were performed on normal young adults, to understand the frequency characteristics of different testing methods and the relationship between response threshold and pure tone audiometry threshold of different methods, and to discuss the forensic value of 3 types of AEPs to evaluate hearing function. Methods Twenty normal young adults were selected, their standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and the response threshold of 3 types of AEPs （tone burst-auditory brainstem response, 40 Hz auditory event-related potential and slow vertex response） at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz were recorded. The relationship between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold of 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies as well as the differences between different types of AEPs were analyzed. Results The short-term pure tone audiometry threshold was higher than the standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs all had a certain correlation, and the response threshold of the 3 types of AEPs was higher than short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The differences in the differences between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies had statistical significance. Linear regression mathematical models were established to infer the standard pure tone audiometry threshold （hearing level） from response threshold （sound pressure level） of 3 types of AEPs of normal young adults. Conclusion When using response threshold of different types of AEPs to estimate pure tone audiometry threshold, conversion and correction are needed. Combined use of different types of AEPs could improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.
Audiometry, Evoked Response ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Humans ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy and safety of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule (, SSG), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on myelosuppression of cancer patients caused by chemotherapy.

METHODSA total of 330 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (220 cases, analysed 209 cases) and the control group (110 cases, analysed 102 cases) with a 2:1 ratio by envelope method. The patients in the treatment group at the first day of chemotherapy started to take SSG for 14 days, while the patients in the control group took Leucogon Tablets. The changes of the blood routine, clinical symptoms and immune function in both groups were observed for safety and efficacy evaluation.

RESULTSAt the 7th day of chemotherapy, the white blood cells (WBCs) level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the WBCs rate in the normal range accounted for 50.2% in the treatment group, the myelosuppression of WBCs and neutrophil were mainly grade I, while 8.1% and 5.7% of patients emerged grade III and grade IV myelosuppression, respectively. The incidence of myelosuppression of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (84.2% vs. 72.5%, P<0.05). The immune cell levels in both groups were maintained in the normal range. Compared with that before treatment, the levels of CD3and CD4cells were significantly increased in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.05). The discrepancy of CD3and CD4cell activity before and after treatment in both groups were significantly different (P<0.05). No obvious adverse event occurred in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSSG had a protection effect on bone marrow suppression, and alleviated the clinical symptoms together with clinical safety.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Pancytopenia ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) with pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM). METHODS: Twenty PCa patients underwent bilateral pedal lymphangiography (PLG) preoperatively, and 11 of them received lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the lymph fluid by real-time RT-PCR. All the patients were treated by RRP with extended dissection of pelvic lymph nodes, and 3 of them by external radiotherapy in addition after recovery from urinary incontinence because of positive surgical margins, followed by adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR showed positive mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid of the 11 patients, all pathologically confirmed with PLNM. The median intraoperative blood loss was 575 ml, with blood transfusion for 5 cases. Positive surgical margin was found in 3 cases, lymphorrhagia in 2 and urinary leakage in another 2 each. There were no such severe complications as vascular injury and rectum perforation. The patients were followed up for 6－48 (mean 42) months, during which, biochemical recurrence was observed in 12 cases at a median of 12 months postoperatively and 2 patients died at 12 and 48 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral PLG and lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid help to confirm PLNM preoperatively. Radical retropubic prostatectomy with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy is safe and effective for the treatment of PCa with PLNM, but it should be chosen cautiously for those with Gleason 5+5.
Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, Surface ; metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Pelvis ; Postoperative Period ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo identify the value of lymphography in the location and treatment decision of chyle leakage.

METHODSThe clinic data of 177 patients suffered from chyle leakage admitted in 6 medical centers in Shanghai from February 1998 to December 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 94 male and 83 female patients aging from 9 to 84 years with a mean of 49 years, including 128 cases of chyluria, 34 cases of primary chylothorax and 15 cases of other chyle leakage. All patients had failed to conservative treatment more than 2 weeks. Pedal lymphography was performed in every patient to investigate the site and range of chyle leakage. Effect of surgical or conservative management was compared according to the different results of lymphography.

RESULTSNo serious complication was noticed. For all 177 patients, lymphography showed localized lymphatic diseases in 148 cases (83.6%), including 125 cases of lymphatic renal pelvic leaks, 14 cases of unilateral identified leak within thorax and 9 cases of chyle leakage in neck, heart, abdomen or scrotum. Among these patients, surgical treatment cured 129 and improved 3 patients but failed in 2 patients, while the remaining 14 cases had their leaks decreased after lymphography and cured by conservative management. For those 15 patients having disseminated lymphatic diseases or 14 with no abnormality under lymphography, surgery only cured 2 and improved 1 patient but failed in 8 patients (with 3 death), whereas continuous conservative treatment cured 11 patients, improved 5 patients but only failed in 2 patients (with one death). For localized leakage, surgical treatment showed better efficacy (98.5% vs. 3/11), whereas conservative treatment had significantly higher successful rate than surgical interventions in patients with disseminated lymphatic diseases or no abnormality under lymphography (16/18 vs. 3/11).

CONCLUSIONSLymphography could identify the location and range of complicate chyle leakage failed to primary conservative management. Patients with disseminated lymphatic diseases or no abnormality under lymphography would be better managed by continuous non-operative treatment partly due to therapeutic effect of lymphography, while surgical intervention could be a good option for patients having localized lymphatic etiology.

Abdominal Cavity ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Chyle ; Chylothorax ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo search for an effective method of reducing intraoperative blood loss in radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).

METHODSWe performed RRP for 100 patients with prostate cancer, 50 (group A) with the Walsh or Poor method for handling the dorsal venous complex (DVC), and the other 50 (group B) through the following three additional procedures for hemostasis: first placing a #7 prophylactic suture in the distal position of DVC, then ligating the vascular bundle of the prostatic apex with continuous 4-0 Vicryl sutures, and lastly placing a 4-0 absorbable suture followed by freeing the neurovascular bundle (NVB) or freeing NVB before suturing the remained levator ani myofascia and the deep layer of Denovilliers' fascia above the rectal serosa with 4-0 Vicryl. We assessed the effects of the three hemostatic methods in RRP by comparing the volumes of intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, operation time and perioperative levels of hemoglobin.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between groups A and B in age, PSA, Gleason score, clinical stage, prostate volume, operation time and perioperative hemoglobin levels (P>0.05). The volumes of intraoperative blood loss and transfusion were markedly higher in group A ([1103.00 +/- 528.03] ml and [482.00 +/- 364.60] ml) than in B ([528.00 +/- 258.96] ml and [140.00 +/- 266.28] ml) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntraoperative blood loss in RRP could be significantly decreased by placing a prophylactic hemostatic suture in the distal position of DVC, continuous suture of the vascular bundle of the prostatic apex after cutting off the urethra, and placing a fine absorbable suture above NVB or continuous suture of the remained levator ani mony fascia and the deep layer of Denovilliers'fascia above the rectal serosa with absorbable sutures after freeing NVB.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effectiveness of Wenshen Huatan Recipe (WHR) in treating early-middle stage chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) of Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS).

METHODSNinety early-middle stage CRI patients of PSYDS were recruited and randomly assigned to the treated group (60 cases) and the control group (30 cases) in the ratio of 2:1. All patients received conventional and symptomatic treatment, but those in the treated group received WHR additionally. The observation was lasted for six months. The total efficacy, the Chinese medicine syndrome integral, and indices of the renal functions [including serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance (CCr), serum cystatin C (Cys-C)], blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], as well as adverse reactions were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter six months of treatment, the total effective rate in treated group was 70.0% (42/60), which was obviously higher than that in the control group [43.3% (13/30), P < 0.05]. The Chinese medicine symptoms in the treated group were obviously improved, showing statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). Better effects in lowering SCr, BUN, Cys-C, and LDL-C and increasing CCr were obtained in the treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWHR could postpone the progression of CRI, improve the lipid metabolism, indicating certain therapeutic efficacy could be obtained in treating early-middle stage CRI from sputum theory.

Aged ; Creatinine ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Yang Deficiency ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDImproving the success rate of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones is the hot issue in this field. Here we reported our experience on the treatment of proximal ureteral stones.

METHODSFrom 2005 to 2010, 187 consecutive patients with proximal ureteral stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled. The initial 52 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope alone were classified as group 1. The subsequent 135 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope with the aid of stone basket and flexible ureteroscope were classified as group 2.

RESULTSIn group 1, the overall stone-free rate was 67.3%. By a single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using a semi-rigid instrument, patients with ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level achieved 91.7% stone-free rate, which was only 50% in patients with stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level. Conversion to open surgery occurred in two patients since ureteral perforation was observed. In group 2, the stone-free rate achieved 93.2% with the aid of an N-Trap basket, which was significantly higher than that of patients without the aid of the basket (51.6%). Flexible ureteroscope was subsequently used in patients with fragment migration, thus making the overall success rate in group 2 increases to 97.0%.

CONCLUSIONSUreteroscopic lithotripsy is a safe and efficacious treatment for proximal ureteral stones. A single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using semi-rigid ureteroscope could achieve a satisfactory stone-free rate in patients with proximal ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level. However, patients with ureteral stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level experienced higher stone-migration rate, which would decrease the success rate. Fortunately, the stone-free state could possibly be achieved with the aid of an N-trap basket and flexible ureteroscope.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; therapeutic use ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Ureteral Calculi ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience and lessons from 100 cases retropubic radical prostatectomy performed in the past 10 years.

METHODSFrom July 1999 to July 2009, we performed 100 cases of retropubic radical prostatectomy, of which 84 were followed up for 3 - 120 months. We analyzed their preoperative age, PSA level, amount of intraoperative blood transfusion, operation time, urinary continence, penile erectile function, stricture of the anastomotic stoma and Qmax.

RESULTSThe mean age, PSA level, amount of intraoperative blood transfusion, operation time were 66.8 yr, 20.1 ng/ml, 585.7 ml and 198.9 min; the recovery rates of bladder control at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 65.5%, 81.7% and 92.4%, respectively. At 12 months after surgery, penile erection was restored in 19 cases (42.2%), anastomotic stoma stricture developed in 5 (5.9%), Qmax averaged 20.5 ml/min, biochemical recurrence was found in 13, and 1 died from prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONRetropubic radical prostatectomy is a desirable procedure for the treatment of local prostate cancer, in which ligation of the puboprostatic ligament and prostatic venous plexus before cutting off the ligament helps improve urinary continence, protection of the neurovascular bundle and collateral pudendal artery contributes to the recovery of penile erectile function, and proper connection of urethral and bladder mucosa can reduce anastomotic stoma stricture. Postoperative external-beam radiotherapy for those with T3a or local lymph node metastasis could decrease biochemical recurrence.

Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate therapeutic effect and reliability of bipolar transurethral plasma kinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) for high risk level benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 230 cases of high risk of BPH were treated with TUPKP. Among them, 132 cases with the residual urine of 40 to 420 ml had accepted long term but inefficient medical therapy, 98 cases were suffered with repeating acute urinary retention. One hundred and seventy-three cases with the functional capacity>4 MET were performed the standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), the other 57 cases with the functional capacity<4 MET were accepted the minimally invasive TURP. Among them 12 cases complicated with bladder stones accepted Ho: YAG lithotripsy priory. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), The maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) and residual urine of the 2 groups before and after operation were analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no transurethral resection syndrome occurred in both groups. After 3 to 12 months of follow-up postoperatively, the IPSS of the two groups were reduced from (21.9+/-5.7) and (23.7+/-5.0) to (4.4+/-2.3) and (5.5+/-2.4), residual urine were reduced from (61.8+/-18.4) ml and (103.9+/-77.3) ml to (13.0+/-6.2) ml and (15.8+/-6.1) ml, respectively. The Qmax was increased from (5.7+/-3.0) ml/s and (4.8+/-2.8) ml/s to (20.9+/-6.3) ml/s and (16.8+/-3.9) ml/s, there existed significant differences (P<0.01). However the IPSS, Qmax and residual urine of the standard group had progressed more obviously than the minimally invasive TURP group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIt is safe and effective to use TUPKP for treating high risk patients of BPH with classic TURP and minimally invasive TURP according to different functional capacity. When the functional capacity is more than 4 MET, the standard procedures is preferred.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To study the antitumor effect and mechanism of cocultured CIK cells modified with IL-24 gene and autologous DCs on HL-60 cells in vitro.Methods:DCs and CIK cells were prepared routinely from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC).IL-24 gene was transferred into CIK cells via electroporation.The cells obtained were named CIK-IL24.RT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate expression of IL-24 gene in transfected CIK cells.The phenotypic changes of CIK cells were identified by flowcytometry analysis.The concentration of IFN-γ and TNF-α in supernatant of CIK was determined by ELISA.FCM was used to determine the cytotoxicity of cocultured CIK cells modified with IL-24 gene and autologous DCs against HL-60 cells.Results:Eukaryotic expressing plasmid pcDNA3.0-IL24 was transferred into CIK cells successfully via electroporation.The expressing rate of CD3~+、CD3~+CD56~+ cells had no significant change in CIK cells.However,the rate of CD4~+CD25~+ cells was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group.Expression of adhesion molecules CD54,CXCR4 were significantly increased on CD3+CD56+ cells.CIK-IL24 cells produced markedly higher levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α as compared with the CIK cells.By comparison with non-transfected CIK cells co-cultured with DCs,transfected CIK cells co-cultured with DCs had a significantly higher lytic activity against HL-60 cells.Conclusion:IL-24 gene modification can enhance the anti-tumoral immunity of CIK cells,the mechanism of which might be related to the increased secretion of IFN-γ,TNF-α,up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression,and reduction of the rate of CD4~+CD25~+ cells in CIK cells.