Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the sample population in a barangay in the City of Balanga, Bataan using the MINI International and Neuropsychiatric Interview and to describe the profile of those with psychiatric disorders based on sociodemographic and health characteristics. Methods: This is a cross sectional study from Barangay Tenejero, City of Balanga, Bataan done in 2019. Systematic random sampling was done where all zones were included. Sample size was 432 households (with at least one adult per household) based on a level of significance of 5%. Data were obtained using the sociodemographic profile, health profile, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Screen and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6 done through face-to-face interview. Descriptive statistics were used in analysis. Results: Forty-four of the participants have a diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (10.50%). Of these, the most common psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder (3.58%) followed by any psychotic disorder (1.91%) and generalized anxiety disorder (1.91%). Among the population, 3.10% have suicidal behavior. Psychiatric disorders are more common among women and people with low incomes. Among those with psychiatric disorders, mental health service utilization is low with only 4.55-6.82%. Conclusion This study reports for the first time the prevalence of psychiatric condition in a barangay in the City of Balanga, Bataan. Though the prevalence rate (10.50%) is low compared to other community data, the findings emphasize the need for strategies to promote mental disorder diagnosis and treatment. This study will influence and guide contextualized community mental health services and policies.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mental Disorders ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

BACKGROUND

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common perinatal psychiatric disorder and women are at greatest risk of developing this during their first postpartum year. Extraneous factors and events indirectly related to maternity like the quarantine measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic can add to the already burdensome mental effects of pregnancy.

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of and possible risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Filipino (EPDS-F) in a tertiary government hospital.

This is a cross-sectional study involving patients 18 years of age and above who delivered vaginally or through cesarean section to a live or dead fetus more than 20 weeks age of gestation and more than 500 g, preterm or term during the pandemic. Patients included were those who tested positive for COVID 19 infection who delivered 48 h up to 8 week postpartum. All the patients who consented and fulfilled the inclusion criteria answered the EPDS-F questionnaire to determine the prevalence rate of PPD. A score of 13 or greater suggests the presence of major depressive symptoms.

There was a total of 61 postpartum patients who were delivered in a tertiary hospital from September 2022 to October 2022. Out of 61 patients, 20 scored 13 points and above in the EPDS-F questionnaire showing a PPD prevalence of 32.8%. Patient’s age showed a statistically significant association with the likelihood of having PPD (P = 0.0148), the highest prevalence observed at an average age of 25 and a lower prevalence at 29 years old.

Although age seems to have a significant association with PPD, direct causality is difficult to establish as the likelihood of having PPD depends on the mother’s personal qualities and traits, the societal background, and her coping mechanisms during an extraordinary circumstance such as this global COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the sample population in a barangay in the City of Balanga, Bataan using the MINI International and Neuropsychiatric Interview and to describe the profile of those with psychiatric disorders based on sociodemographic and health characteristics.

This is a cross sectional study from Barangay Tenejero, City of Balanga, Bataan done in 2019. Systematic random sampling was done where all zones were included. Sample size was 432 households (with at least one adult per household) based on a level of significance of 5%. Data were obtained using the sociodemographic profile, health profile, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Screen and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6 done through face-to-face interview. Descriptive statistics were used in analysis.

Forty-four of the participants have a diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (10.50%). Of these, the most common psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder (3.58%) followed by any psychotic disorder (1.91%) and generalized anxiety disorder (1.91%). Among the population, 3.10% have suicidal behavior. Psychiatric disorders are more common among women and people with low incomes. Among those with psychiatric disorders, mental health service utilization is low with only 4.55-6.82%.

This study reports for the first time the prevalence of psychiatric condition in a barangay in the City of Balanga, Bataan. Though the prevalence rate (10.50%) is low compared to other community data, the findings emphasize the need for strategies to promote mental disorder diagnosis and treatment. This study will influence and guide contextualized community mental health services and policies.

Objective: To investigate the depression status of pregnant and perinatal women in early, medium-term, late pregnancy and postpartum period in China and the outcomes of depression in each period, analyze the influential factors of depression status. Methods: By using the pregnant and perinatal women mental health cohort established by National Center for Women and Children's Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Jilin Women and Children Health Hospital, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care and Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangdong province, a follow up study was conducted at 7 time points during pregnancy and perinatal period in pregnant and perinatal women in Beijing, Shanxi, Jilin and Guangdong from August 1, 2015 to October 31, 2016. The self-filled questionnaire and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to obtain the general demographic information and depression status of the pregnant and perinatal women, and the depression status and natural outcomes of the pregnant and perinatal women were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 284 pregnant and perinatal women were recruited. In this study, a total of 1 210 subjects who completed follow-up at least 6 times and postpartum 42 day follow up were included in the final analysis. The EPDS depression score at the gestation week 13 was used to indicate the depression status in early pregnancy, the average EPDS score of gestation week 17 and 24 were used to indicate the depression status in medium-term pregnancy, and the average EPDS score of gestation week 31 and 37 were used to indicate depression in late pregnancy. The average EPDS score of postpartum day 3 and 42 were used to indicate postpartum depression status. A total of 321 (26.5%), 218 (18.0%), 189 (15.6%) and 219 (18.1%) pregnant and perinatal women were found to have depression, respectively, in early, medium-term and late pregnancy and in postpartum period. The depression status in early, medium-term and late pregnancy and postpartum period were positively correlated (P<0.001), the correlation between early and middle pregnancy was strong (r=0.678), the correlation between medium-term and late pregnancy was strong (r=0.771), and the correlation between postpartum period and late pregnancy was strong (r=0.706). Among the pregnant women with depression in early pregnancy, 26.2% were depressed during the whole study period, 42.7% were depressed during postpartum period, and the results of multifactorial analysis showed that the education level of college or above of the pregnant and perinatal women (OR=0.437, 95%CI: 0.212-0.900, P=0.025), exercise during pregnancy (OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.348-0.987, P = 0.044), high marital satisfaction (OR = 0.370, 95%CI: 0.221-0.620, P<0.001), normal body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.516, 95%CI: 0.270-0.985, P=0.045) reduced the risk for depression. Unsatisfactory living environment (OR=1.807, 95%CI: 1.074-3.040, P=0.026) increased the risk for depression. Conclusions: In pregnant and perinatal women in China, the detection rate of depression in early pregnancy was highest compared with those in medium-term and late pregnancy. The detection rate of depression increased again in postpartum period. The depression status detected in the early pregnancy remained in the medium-term and late pregnancy and postpartum period. Exercise, BMI, educational level, living environment satisfaction and marital satisfaction can affect the incidence of depression in pregnant and perinatal women.
Child ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

OBJECTIVES: To explore the application of random forest algorithm in screening the risk factors and predictive values for postpartum depression. METHODS: We recruited the participants from a tertiary hospital between June 2017 and June 2018 in Changsha City, and followed up from pregnancy up to 4-6 weeks postpartum.Demographic economics, psychosocial, biological, obstetric, and other factors were assessed at first trimesters with self-designed obstetric information questionnaire and the Chinese version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). During 4-6 weeks after delivery, the Chinese version of EPDS was used to score depression and self-designed questionnaire to collect data of delivery and postpartum. The data of subjects were randomly divided into the training data set and the verification data set according to the ratio of 3꞉1. The training data set was used to establish the random forest model of postpartum depression, and the verification data set was used to verify the predictive effects via the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and AUC index. RESULTS: A total of 406 participants were in final analysis. Among them, 150 of whom had EPDS score ≥9, and the incidence of postpartum depression was 36.9%. The predictive effects of random forest model in the verification data set were at accuracy of 80.10%, sensitivity of 61.40%, specificity of 89.10%, positive predictive value of 73.00%, negative predictive value of 82.80%, and AUC index of 0.833. The top 10 predictive influential factors that screening by the variable importance measure in random forest model was antenatal depression, economic worries after delivery, work worries after delivery, free triiodothyronine in first trimesters, high-density lipoprotein in third trimester, venting temper to infants, total serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride in first trimester, hematocrit and serum triglyceride in third trimester. CONCLUSIONS Random forest has a great advantage in risk prediction for postpartum depression. Through comprehensive evaluation mechanism, it can identify the important influential factors for postpartum depression from complex multi-factors and conduct quantitative analysis, which is of great significance to identify the key factors for postpartum depression and carry out timely and effective intervention.
Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

INTRODUCTION: Family history of psychopathology is a risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders in children, but little is known about rates of parental psychopathology among treatment-seeking youth with affective disorders in the Asia Pacific region. This study examined patterns of emotional and behavioural problems in parents of clinically-referred youth in Singapore. We hypothesised that parents would have higher rates of affective disorders compared to the Singapore national prevalence rate of 12%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 47 families were recruited from affective disorders and community-based psychiatry programmes run by a tertiary child psychiatry clinic. All children had a confirmed primary clinical diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder. Parents completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess for lifetime mood and anxiety disorders. They also completed the Adult Self Report (ASR) and Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) to assess current internalising and externalising symptoms. RESULTS: Consistent with our hypothesis, 38.5% of mothers and 10.5% of fathers reported a lifetime mood and anxiety disorder. Nearly 1/3 of mothers had clinical/subclinical scores on current internalising and externalising problems. A similar pattern was found for internalising problems among fathers, with a slightly lower rate of clinical/subclinical externalising problems. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with previous overseas studies showing elevated rates of affective disorders among parents - particularly mothers - of children seeking outpatient psychiatric care. Routine screening in this population may help to close the current treatment gap for adults with mood and anxiety disorders.
Adult ; Anxiety Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting ; psychology ; Parents ; psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychopathology ; Singapore ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of tremor analysis in early stages of Parkinson's syndrome, when the clinical symptoms of tremor onset are not unilaterally often able for a definite diagnosis to be made. METHODS: We included 70 patients with unilateral tremor, under 45 years old and disease duration within 3 years enrolled in Peking University Third Hospital from January, 2014 to December 2015. We recorded clinical features, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)-III, non-motor symptom (NMS) scores. Tremor analysis and transcranial sonography were performed for all the patients. Based on the results of tremor analysis, we arbitrarily divided the patients into 3 groups: (1) The patients with classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations on one side (25 cases); (2) The patients with classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations on both sides (15 cases); (3) The patients with no classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations (30 cases). The patients were monitored every 6 months to 3 years, until the final diagnosis was made. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, gender distribution, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores and H-Y scores among the three groups (P>0.05). The average UPDRS-III motor scores of the three groups were significantly different (P=0.001), with 18.23, 18.79 and 14.67, respectively. The average scores of NMS were significantly different, with 15.81, 17.07 and 9.90, respectively (P<0.001). The positive rates of transcranial sonography (TCS) in the three groups were 48.0%, 60.0% and 26.67%, with no significant difference (P=0.702). After three years of follow-up, 35 patients (50%) met the diagnostic criteria of Parkinson's disease of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) in 2015, 19 patients (27.1%) met the criteria of idiopathic tremor, and 7 patients (10%) met the criteria of Parkinson's plus syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of tremor analysis for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were 82.8% and 68.6%, respectively. Compared with TCS, the sensitivity and specificity of TCS were 65.7% and 62.9%. There were consistency (Kappa=0.568) and significant difference (P=0.031) between the two methods. CONCLUSION Tremor analysis is sensitive and a superior way in identifying early Parkinson's syndrome patients with tremor dominant manifestation. The combination of non-motor symptoms and transcranial sonography are also needed at diagnosis.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Tremor

Objective To discuss the related factors influencing the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment by analysis of the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment of criminal cases in Hunan Province. Methods Related data in assessment files of criminal cases accepted by 8 forensic psychiatric assessment institutions in Hunan Province from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016 were extracted. The Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the initiation time of forensic psychiatric assessment. After using property score matching （PSM） to control the influence of confounding factors, the efficiency of public security organs to initiate assessments of suspects with （without） mental disorders and with （without） responsibilities were compared. Results A total of 4 346 cases were included. The Logistic regression analysis suggested that the factors independently related to the initiation time of assessment include： cause of assessment, nationality of the assessed, history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses, history of crimes, history of drug abuse, and status of alcohol consumption before the crime （all P<0.05）. The initiation time of assessment of suspects diagnosed with mental disorder was shorter than those with none （P<0.05）; the initiation time of assessment of suspects without criminal responsibility was shorter than those with responsibility （P<0.05）. After using PSM to control confounding factors, the differences above still existed. Conclusion The cause of assessment, nationality of the assessed, history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses, history of crimes, history of drug abuse, and status of alcohol consumption before the crime are factors that influence the efficiency of public security organs to initiate forensic psychiatric assessments. Under the current assessment initiation mode, forensic psychiatric assessment of suspects who have mental disorders, especially those with no responsibility may be given priority to initiate.
Crime ; Criminals ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are quite limited. Therefore, we recruited the parents/caregivers of 204 ASD cases, 71 ID cases aged 6-18 years from special education schools, and 402 typically developing (TD) children in the same age span from a community-based population to complete the ASRS and SRS. The results showed that the ID group scored significantly lower on total and subscale scores than the ASD group on both scales (P < 0.05) but higher than TD children (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated a similar fair performance in discriminating ASD from ID with the ASRS (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.709, sensitivity = 77.0%, specificity = 52.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 82.2%) and the SRS (AUC = 0.742, sensitivity = 59.8%, specificity = 77.5%, PPV = 88.4%). The results showed that individuals with ID had clear autistic traits and discriminating ASD from ID cases was quite challenging, while assessment tools such as ASRS and SRS, help to some degree.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; complications ; psychology ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; etiology ; Male ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychometrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Behavior ; Statistics, Nonparametric

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have identified widespread and progressive grey matter volume (GMV) reductions in schizophrenia, especially in the frontal lobe. In this study, we found a progressive GMV decrease in the rostral medial frontal cortex (rMFC, including the anterior cingulate cortex) in the patient group during a 6-week follow-up of 40 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls well-matched for age, gender, and education. The higher baseline GMV in the rMFC predicted better improvement in the positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and this might be related to the improved reality-monitoring. Besides, a higher baseline GMV in the posterior rMFC predicted better remission of general symptoms, and a lesser GMV reduction in this region was correlated with better remission of negative symptoms, probably associated with ameliorated self-referential processing and social cognition. Besides, a shorter disease course and higher educational level contributed to better improvement in the general psychopathological PANSS score, and a family history was negatively associated with improvement of the negative and total PANSS scores. These phenomena might be important for understanding the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia and for making clinical decisions.
Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Gray Matter ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Organ Size ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Regression Analysis ; Schizophrenia ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome