Objective: To determine the tear and ocular surface profile of the anophthalmic socket in relation to the contralateral normal eye. Methods: Twenty-five adult patients with unilateral anophthalmic sockets were included into the study. They were at least 2 months post-enucleation or post-evisceration and without any topical medications on the anophthalmic socket and control eye for at least 2 weeks. Assessment was performed using the following parameters: (1) meibomian gland evaluation, (2) ocular surface staining, (3) degree of conjunctival inflammation, (4) Schirmer I and II, and (5) conjunctival impression cytology. Results: Mucoid discharge (52%) was the most common complaint in anophthalmic sockets, followed by itchiness (40%), tearing (36%), and dryness (4%). Compared to control eyes, the anophthalmic sockets had more pronounced and statistically significant lid wiper epitheliopathy, conjunctival staining, and bulbar inflammation. Meibomian gland dysfunction, Schirmer I and II, and conjunctival impression cytology showed no difference between the 2 groups. There was a correlation between the symptoms complained and the ocular staining patterns of the anophthalmic sockets. Conclusion Anophthalmia predisposes to various ocular surface problems, such as a change in the composition of tears, specifically an increase in the mucin component and a decrease in the aqueous and lipid components, resulting to increased tear viscosity.
onjunctiva ; Cytology

Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and nepafenac 0.1% on maintaining mydriasis during phacomulsification. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-masked comparative study involving adult cataract patients given topical NSAIDs (ketorolac or nepafenac) or balanced salt solution (control) prior to phacoemulsification and capsular bag intraocular-lens (IOL) implantation at a tertiary hospital. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured at different stages of cataract surgery and the mean values were compared across the three groups. Results: A total of 47 eyes of 44 cataract surgery patients, 13 males and 34 females, with a mean age of 66.04 ± 8.87 years, were included in the study. The mean horizontal and vertical diameters of the three groups were similar at the start of surgery. Significant differences were seen after IOL implantation, with the nepafenac group having the largest mean diameters in both horizontal (p = 0.012) and vertical (p = 0.012) pupil measurements. Conclusion Topical nepafenac has been shown to be a more effective inhibitor of miosis during phacoemulsification and provides a more stable mydriatic effect throughout the surgical procedure compared to topical ketorolac and placebo.
Cataract ; Phacoemulsification ; Mydriasis ; Ketorolac

On May 1911, the Department of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) was established under the able leadership of Dr. Reinhart Remebe. As part of its commitment to pursue excellence and unconditional service, the graduates of what was then the Philippine Medical School (now the University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM)) had to undergo a month of comprehensive training as an orientation to the department.