Objective: To investigate the current status of refractive errors and insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children aged 3-6 years in Hefei and to analyze influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted myopia prevention policies and comprehensive interventions. Methods: In May 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 897 preschool children from 8 kindergartens across four districts (Baohe, Yaohai, Shushan, and Economic and Technological Development Zone) in Hefei, and Children’s Visual Health related Behavior Assessment Scale was used to collect personal information and environmental factors. Pre and post cycloplegic refraction tests were conducted to assess insufficient hyperopic reserve and refractive development levels. Group comparisons were conducted using 2 test, t-test or analysis of variance. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify key factors influencing hyperopic reserve, axial length and spherical equivalent in preschool children. Results: The detection rates of refractive errors among preschool children were 6.8% for hyperopia, 1.6% for myopia, and 11.1% for astigmatism. Notably, the prevalence of myopia was significantly higher in boys (2.3%) than in girls (0.7%) ( χ 2=3.88, P <0.05). Additionally, 8.8% of the children exhibited insufficient hyperopic reserve. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that preschool children with high myopia in the father, high myopia in the mother, longer daily duration of near work, and longer daily electronic product use time had increased risks of axial growth ( β =0.12, 0.09, 0.15, 0.11), SE reduction ( β =-0.10, -0.07, -0.18, -0.13), and insufficient hyperopic reserve ( OR=1.87, 2.22, 1.40, 1.28) (P <0.05). While, preschool children with longer sleep time and daily outdoor activity duration had lower risks of axial growth ( β =-0.11, -0.10 ), SE reduction ( β =0.39, 0.51), and insufficient hyperopia reserve ( OR =0.54, 0.51) in preschool children ( P <0.05). Conclusions The rates of refractive errors and insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children in Hefei are relatively low, which are influenced by many factors. Parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should implement early vision monitoring and intervention for preschool children, and cultivate their scientific eye use habits.

The operating room is the core settings of various surgical treatments, and exhibits distinct attributes and systemic complexities. Medical staff who work long term in operating rooms face multiple exposures to potential health hazards. Especially with the progress of electrosurgical technology and the frequent use of electrosurgical equipment, the possible health effects of the resulting electrosurgical smoke to those working in operating rooms have gradually attracted attention. This paper reviewed the composition, hazard, exposure risk monitoring, and protective measures of electrosurgical smoke, aiming to deepen the understandings of potential health risks of electrosurgical smoke, improve the self-protection awareness of medical staff, strengthen attention to electrosurgical smoke protection in all hospitals, and ensure the occupational safety of medical staff.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and related factors of physical activities both inside and outside the kindergarten among preschool children, so as to provide a reference for promoting targeted physical activities among different types of children in the future. Methods: From April 2016 to December 2022, 706 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from the Shanghai parent child cohort followed up. Accelerometers were used to measure their physical activities during kindergarten hours, and a parent questionnaire was employed to assess their physical activities and screen time outside the kindergarten. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was used to examine the relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPA) inside and outside the kindergarten. Cluster analysis was performed to identify physical activity patterns among children, and multinomial Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of these physical activity patterns. Results: On weekdays, preschooler accumulated an average of (40.83±15.71) minutes of MVPA inside the kindergarten and 30(15, 53) minutes outside daily. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an inverted U shaped relationship between MVPA inside and outside the kindergarten. Cluster analysis identified four groups: low daily MVPA but active inside (196, 27.8%), moderate daily MVPA but high screen time outside (97, 13.7%), adequate daily MVPA and relatively active outside (96, 13.6%), and low daily MVPA and relatively inactive both inside and outside (317, 44.9%). Compared to the reference group of adequate daily MVPA and relatively active outside, children with screen time exceeding 60 minutes at 2 years old were more likely to belong to the group with adequate daily MVPA but more screen time outside ( OR =3.84, 95% CI =1.16-12.74, P <0.05). Boys had a lower likelihood of being in the group with low daily MVPA and relatively inactive both inside and outside ( OR =0.33, 95% CI =0.16-0.70, P <0.05). Children from neighborhoods with insufficient sport facilities were more likely to be in the low daily MVPA and relatively inactive group ( OR =2.20, 95% CI = 1.05 -4.63, P <0.05). Conclusions Behavior patterns of physical activity and screen time for both inside and outside the kindergarten vary greatly among different children. Screen time at the age of 2 and the sports facilities around the commuinty are key factors influencing the physical activity pattern. It is recommended to implement personalized intervention plans in collaboration with schools and families for different types of children.

ObjectiveTo analyze the status of and family-related factors associated with extracurricular screen time (ST) among the primary and middle school students in a district of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted intervention measures. MethodsA total of 819 students and their parents from one primary school and one middle school were selected by stratified cluster sampling method from November to December 2022 in a district of Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the total extracurricular ST and entertainment ST during school days, weekends and summer and winter vacation, as well as the underlying family-related factors. Taking daily total extracurricular ST>2 h as excessive extracurricular ST and daily extracurricular entertainment ST>1 h as excessive extracurricular entertainment ST. ResultsAmong the 795 valid questionnaires, the proportions of excessive extracurricular ST during school day, weekend and summer and winter vacation were 10.9%, 42.1% and 51.1%, respectively, and the proportions of excessive extracurricular entertainment ST were 16.2%, 63.0% and 71.3%, respectively. The proportion of excessive extracurricular ST on weekend and summer and winter vacation was higher for middle school students than for primary school students, and the proportion of excessive extracurricular ST was higher for the students whose father’s educational level was high school and below than for those whose father’s educational level was junior college and above (both P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after controlling confounding factors showed that the students with poor parent-child relationships (aOR=1.40‒1.96) and parental daily ST>2 h (aOR=1.83‒3.85) were more likely to have an excessive total extracurricular ST and entertainment ST. ConclusionThe proportion of excessive extracurricular ST for the primary and middle school students in Shanghai is relative high during weekend and summer and winter vacation, especially for entertainment purposes. Improving parent-child relationships and reducing parental excessive ST may be important intervention measures.

[Objective]To discuss the effect of Jiawei Shengji Yuhong Ointment on wound healing of rat model after anal fistula operation and its internal mechanism.[Methods]Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,Vaseline group(model group),Kangfuxin liquor group(control group),Jiawei Shengji Yuhong Ointment group(experimental group),ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)+vaseline group(PDTC+model group),PDTC+Kangfuxin liquid group(PDTC+control group),PDTC+Jiawei Shengji Yuhong Ointment group(PDTC+experimental group).The damp-heat wound model of rats after anal fistula operation was established and treated with different drugs.At the same time,PDTC intervention group was given intraperitoneal injection of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway inhibitor PDTC for 5 consecutive days on the basis of drug intervention.The wound healing of rats in each group was recorded,and the wound healing rate of rats in each group was calculated.On the 3rd,7th and 14th days,the granulation tissues of rats in each group were taken for Western blot and immunohistochemistry to detect the protein expression of NF-κB p65.The expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used for histomorphological observation.[Results]Compared with other groups,the experimental group and PDTC+experimental group could significantly shorten the wound healing time,and the wound healing rates of PDTC+experimental group and experimental group were higher(P＜0.05).HE staining results also confirmed that PDTC+experimental group can effectively promote the rapid growth of granulation tissue.The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that was inhibited significantly in experimental group and PDTC+experimental group the protein expression of NF-κB p65 in rat wound tissue,and the difference was statistically significant compared with the other groups(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed that the content of IL-1 β in each group decreased gradually at 3,7 and 14 d after treatment,and the content of IL-1[3 in PDTC+experimental group was the lowest(P＜0.05).The content of VEGF in each group increased gradually,and the content of VEGF in PDTC+experimental group and experimental group was the highest(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Jiawei Shengji Yuhong Ointment can inhibit the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1 β protein and up-regulate the expression of VEGF protein through NF-κB signaling pathway,thereby promoting the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells,reducing inflammation,and promoting the wound healing after anal fistula surgery.

Objective:To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of methyltransferase (Mettl) 3 in the process of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced pericyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and renal fibrosis.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were used, in cell experiments, mouse renal pericytes were isolated and cultured using magnetic bead sorting. These pericytes were then induced to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts with 1×10 6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ, which was the Ang Ⅱ group, while pericytes cultured in normal conditions served as the control group. Successful transdifferentiation was verified by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The levels of m6A modifications and related enzymes (Mettl3, Mettl14), Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), fat mass and obesity protein (FTO), ALKBH5, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, YTHDC3 were assessed by Dot blot, RT-qPCR and Western blot. Mettl3 expression was inhibited in cells using lentivirus-mediated Mettl3-shRNA transfection, creating sh-Mettl3 and Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 groups, while lentivirus empty vector transfection served as the negative control (Ang Ⅱ+sh-NC group). The impact of Ang Ⅱ on pericyte transdifferentiation was observed, and the expression of downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway proteins, including PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT at serine 473 (p-AKT (S473)), and phosphorylated AKT at threonine 308 (p-AKT (T308)), were examined. PI3K gene transcription was inhibited by co-culturing cells with actinomycin D, and the half-life of PI3K mRNA was calculated by measuring residual PI3K mRNA expression over different co-culture time. The reversibility of Mettl3 inhibition on Ang Ⅱ-induced pericyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation was assessed by adding the AKT activator SC79 to the Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group. In animal experiments, mice were divided into these groups: sham group (administered 0.9% sterile saline), Ang Ⅱ group (infused with Ang Ⅱ solution), sh-Mettl3 group (injected with Mettl3 shRNA lentivirus solution), Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group (infused with Ang Ⅱ solution and injected with Mettl3 shRNA lentivirus solution), and Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3+SC79 group (administered Ang Ⅱ solution and Mettl3 shRNA lentivirus, with an additional injection of SC79). Each group consisted of six subject mice. Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method before and after surgery, and serum creatinine, urea, and urinary albumin levels were determined 4 weeks post-surgery. Kidney tissues were collected at 28 days and stained using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson′s trichrome to assess the extent of renal fibrosis. Results:Primary renal pericytes were successfully obtained by magnetic bead sorting, and intervened with 1×10 6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ for 48 hours to induce pericyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Dot blot results indicated higher m6A modification levels in the Ang Ⅱ group compared to the control group ( P<0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed upregulation of Mettl3 mRNA and protein levels in the Ang Ⅱ group compared to the control group (both P<0.05). In the Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group, Mettl3 protein expression was lower than that in the Ang Ⅱ group, with reduced expression levels of α-SMA, vimentin, desmin, fibroblast agonist protein (FAPa) and type Ⅰ collagen (all P<0.05). Compared to the control group, PI3K mRNA expression level was elevated in the Ang Ⅱ group, along with increased p-AKT (S473) and p-AKT (T308) expressions. In the Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group, PI3K mRNA expression and p-AKT (S473) and p-AKT (T308) levels were decreased (all P<0.05). The half-life of PI3K mRNA was shorter in the Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group than that in the Ang Ⅱ+sh-NC group (2.34 h vs. 3.42 h). The ameliorative effect of Mettl3 inhibition on Ang Ⅱ-induced pericyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation was reversible by SC79. Animal experiments showed higher blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea, and 24-hour urinary protein levels, and a larger fibrosis area in the Ang Ⅱ group compared to the sham group (all P<0.05). The fibrosis area was smaller in the Ang Ⅱ+sh-Mettl3 group than that in the Ang Ⅱ group ( P<0.05), but increased again upon addition of SC79. Conclusion:Mettl3-mediated RNA m6A epigenetic regulation is involved in Ang Ⅱ-induced pericyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and renal fibrosis, potentially by affecting PI3K stability and regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

As an essential trace element,copper has major effects on cell metabolism.Therefore,interfering with the balance of copper metabolism in such a way that leads to copper deficiency or excess causes disease.It has been reported that copper metabolic imbalance,or cuproptosis,affects the development of cardiovascular diseases by mediating cellular oxidative stress and vascular remodeling and by interfering with mitochondrial functions.Importantly,copper che-lators,copper ion carriers,small molecule inhibitors of copper chaperones,and dietary copper can alleviate cardiovascu-lar diseases caused by copper metabolic imbalance or cuproptosis.In this review,we comprehensively considered the mo-lecular mechanisms of copper metabolic homeostasis and cuproptosis,as well as their significance and therapeutic advances in cardiovascular diseases,aiming to provide insights on therapeutically targeting copper metabolic homeostasis and cupro-ptosis as a novel strategy for managing cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To observe the effects of point application,ear point pressing therapy,plus mometasone furoate nasal spray on inflammatory cells and immune function in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods:Fifty AR patients who received point application,ear point pressing therapy,and mometasone furoate nasal spray for treatment were recruited as an observation group.Simultaneously,another 50 AR patients who only used the same nasal spray were enrolled as a control group.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups,and the inflammatory cell count and immune function changes were observed after treatment. Results:The observation group had a higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,significant decreases were noticed in the total nasal symptom score,eosinophils count in nasal secretions,and serum immunoglobulin E(IgE)level in both groups(P<0.05),and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Combining point application,ear point pressing therapy,and mometasone furoate nasal spray can produce satisfactory treatment results for AR.This method is safe and can reduce inflammatory responses and improve immune function.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of various types of screen time and examine the association of screen time with psychological and behavioral development problems in children aged 3-6 years, so as to provide scientific basis for children s screen use and mental health promotion. Methods: A total of 3 875 mother child dyads who completed the follow up in Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort were included. The daily usage time of children s tablet, mobile phone, TV, projectors, and other types of screens were obtained in questionnaire survey. Children s psychological and behavioral development problems were evaluated by Age-Stage Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Parent version) (SDQ). The Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis rank sum test were used to compare the detection rate of psychological and behavioral development problems and screen time in children with different characteristics. Multivariate binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of screen time with psychological and behavioral development problems. Results: There were 49.91% of children having screen time more than 1 h/d. Children s TV, tablet and mobile phone screen time were 0.39(0.25, 0.96 ), 0.25(0,0.61) and 0.18(0,0.25) h/d. The detection rates of suspected developmental delay in fine motor, problem solving and personal-social domains and pro social behavior deficiency and externalizing behaviors in boys (8.54%, 6.77%, 5.46%, 30.07 %, 27.39%) were higher than that in girls (4.64%, 4.85%, 2.48%, 22.10%, 22.36%) ( χ 2=23.76, 6.49, 22.37, 31.81, 13.06, P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of suspected developmental delay in communication, fine motor and problem solving, as well as internalizing behavior and externalizing behavior of children with different parents educational levels ( χ 2=14.37, 15.18, 21.10, 11.66, 9.27; 16.34, 26.75, 32.89, 16.97, 6.37, P <0.05). There were significant differences in the detection rates of suspected developmental delay in problem solving, prosocial behavior deficiency, internalizing behavior and externalizing behavior of children whose mothers had anxiety/depression symptoms during pregnancy ( χ 2= 5.61 , 9.05, 21.90, 7.17; 8.75, 6.06, 12.76 , 5.55, P <0.05). The average total screen time of boys was longer than that of girls (1.07, 1.00 h/d, Z=-2.08, P =0.04). Compared with children with other educational levels of their parents, the total screen time, mobile phone and TV screen time of children whose parents had college education or above were short (father: H =42.01, 44.49 , 21.24, mother: H =42.31, 39.21 , 26.47, P <0.01). Among all types of screen time, mobile phone screen time had the most impact on psychological and behavioral development. More mobile phone screen time increased the risk of suspected developmental delay and abnormal emotional behavior ( P < 0.05). Screen time of tablet, mobile phone and TV were positively correlated with externalizing behavior ( OR=1.36, 1.57, 1.27 , P <0.05). Conclusions Screen time is related to children s psychological and behavioral development problems and mobile phones affect the most. Parents should limit their children s screen time to avoid excessive screen time affecting their psychological and behavioral development.

As an important part of tumor microenvironment, neutrophils are poorly understood due to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumorigenesis. Here we defined, at single-cell resolution, CD44-CXCR2- neutrophils as tumor-specific neutrophils (tsNeus) in both mouse and human gastric cancer (GC). We uncovered a Hippo regulon in neutrophils with unique YAP signature genes (e.g., ICAM1, CD14, EGR1) distinct from those identified in epithelial and/or cancer cells. Importantly, knockout of YAP/TAZ in neutrophils impaired their differentiation into CD54+ tsNeus and reduced their antitumor activity, leading to accelerated GC progression. Moreover, the relative amounts of CD54+ tsNeus were found to be negatively associated with GC progression and positively associated with patient survival. Interestingly, GC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy had increased numbers of CD54+ tsNeus. Furthermore, pharmacologically enhancing YAP activity selectively activated neutrophils to suppress refractory GC, with no significant inflammation-related side effects. Thus, our work characterized tumor-specific neutrophils in GC and revealed an essential role of YAP/TAZ-CD54 axis in tsNeus, opening a new possibility to develop neutrophil-based antitumor therapeutics.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neutrophils/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics*