Objective To investigate the classification,concomitant injuries,and their correlations of medial meniscus posterior root(MMPR)injuries through a large-sample analysis,to enhance the comprehensive understanding of MMPR and related injuries.Methods A total of 240 patients with MMPR injuries were divided into 5 types.The distance of the torn end separation and the value of meniscus protrusion of MMPR were measured,and the grading of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemoral compartment was recorded.The relationships between MMPR injuries and meniscus tear location,tear type,meniscus protrusion,and grading of cartilage injury were analyzed.Results The incidence of MMPR injuries was 2.82％,with females being 3.14 times more affected than males.Medial meniscus tears in type 1 and type 4 MMPR injuries were predominantly located in the posterior horn and posterior root,while there were no statistical differences among types 2,3,and 5.Type 1 MMPR injuries were predominantly oblique tears,types 2,3,and 5 were predominantly radial and complex tears,and type 4 was predominantly complex tears.The incidence of meniscus protrusion was sig-nificantly higher in types 3 and 4 MMPR injuries compared to other types.The value of medial meniscus protrusion was greater in type 4 MMPR than in type 3.In type 3 MMPR injuries,a larger torn end separation distance correlated with a greater value of medial meniscus protrusion.The severity of MMPR injuries correlated positively with the grading of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemo-ral compartment.Conclusion Females are more prone to MMPR injuries than males.The classification of MMPR injuries correlates with the location and type of medial meniscus tears,as well as medial meniscus protrusion.There is a positive correlation between the torn end separation distance and the value of meniscus protrusion in MMPR injuries.The severity of MMPR injuries correlates with the degree of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemoral compartment.

Although widely applied in treating hematopoietic malignancies, transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is impeded by HSPC shortage. Whether circulating HSPCs (cHSPCs) in steady-state blood could be used as an alternative source remains largely elusive. Here we develop a three-dimensional culture system (3DCS) including arginine, glycine, aspartate, and a series of factors. Fourteen-day culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in 3DCS led to 125- and 70-fold increase of the frequency and number of CD34⁺ cells. Further, 3DCS-expanded cHSPCs exhibited the similar reconstitution rate compared to CD34⁺ HSPCs in bone marrow. Mechanistically, 3DCS fabricated an immunomodulatory niche, secreting cytokines as TNF to support cHSPC survival and proliferation. Finally, 3DCS could also promote the expansion of cHSPCs in patients who failed in HSPC mobilization. Our 3DCS successfully expands rare cHSPCs, providing an alternative source for the HSPC therapy, particularly for the patients/donors who have failed in HSPC mobilization.
Antigens, CD34/metabolism* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism* ; Peptides/metabolism*

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of intranodal lymphangiography combined thoracic duct embolization in the treatment of chylous leakage.Methods:The clinical data of ten patients with chylous leakage from July to December 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 cases of chylothorax, 1 case of chylous ascites, and 3 cases of chylothorax combined with chylous ascites, respectively. Conservative treatment was invalid in all cases. The locations of cisterna chyli and thoracic duct were defined by percutaneous puncture intranodal lymphangiography. Then the percutaneous transabdominal puncture of cisterna chyli was performed and the microcatheter was inducted. The location of fistula was visualized by thoracic duct lymphangiography, and the embolization was performed by microcoils combined tissue adhesive agents. The post-operative curative effect and complications were recorded.Results:One patient did not receive thoracic duct embolization because it was failed to visualize cisterna chyli by intranodal lymphatic angiography; thoracic duct embolization was successfully performed in the other 9 patients after chylous leakage fistula was located. Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of cisterna chyli was successfully accomplished in 8 patients. As for the other patient, after repeated failure of puncture, fluoroscopy-guided retrograde puncture at the proximal thoracic duct was performed successfully. After the operation, the drain output was completely disappeared within 3 to 7 days in 8 patients, and decreased down to 120 ml/d in 1 patient. Mild abdominal hemorrhage was found in 1 patient after thoracic duct embolization, without any treatment. No serious complications was found in all cases.Conclusion:Intranodal lymphangiography and thoracic catheter embolization is safe and effective in the treatment of chylous leakage, with a low complication rate.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Lingshao-Zaoren granule in the treatment of female overactive bladder. Methods A total of 60 female OAB patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups, 30 cases in each group. The control group recieved the Tolterodine Tartrate Sustained Release Tablets and the Lingshao-Zaoren granule placebo, and the treatment group used the Tolterodine Tartrate Sustained Release Tablets and the true Lingshao-Zaoren granule treatment. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Overactive bladder symptom scale (OABSS) was used to determine the severity of OAB.Results After treatment 14,28 d,OABSS scores of the treatment group(5.3 ± 2.3,1.4 ± 1.2 vs.8.4 ± 2.4,F=137.209),and control group(7.8 ± 1.9,6.8 ± 1.4 vs.8.6 ± 2.6,F=8.927),were significantly lower than the baseline of each group respectively (P<0.01). Besides, OABSS scores of the treatment group after 14 and 28 d were significantly lower than the control group (t=4.668, 15.678, P<0.01). The pain scores (5.9 ± 1.9, 2.7 ± 1.1 vs.9.5 ±2.3,F=108.819)of treatment group at 14 and 28 d were significantly lower than the baseline(P<0.01);and the pain scores of treatment group at 14 and 28 d were significantly lower than the control group (t=6.342, 14.812,P<0.01).The lower abdomen discomfort scores at 14,28 d in treatment group(1.9 ± 1.4,1.1 ± 1.0 vs. 3.3 ±1.1,F=28.762),and control group(2.7 ±1.0,2.4 ±0.8 vs.3.4 ±1.2,F=12.103)were significantly lower than the baseline of each group (P<0.01); and the abdominal discomfort scores of treatment group at 14, 28 d were significantly lower than the control group (t=2.521, 5.041, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The Lingshao-Zaoren granule could decrease OABSS score,pain score,abdominal discomfort symptoms,improve clinical symptoms of the female patients with OAB.

Acetaminophen(APAP)is the most wideIy-used anaIgesic drug cIinicaIIy. It is aIso the most risky agent for hepatotoxicity. It has been wideIy used as a modeI drug to study mechanisms of chemicaI-induced Iiver injury and to test the hepatoprotective potentiaI of chemicaIs. This review summa-rized the intraceIIuIar events of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity,incIuding metaboIic activation, ceIIuIar damage,c-Hun N-terminaI kinase pathway,and modified metaboIism function,and additionaIIy focused on the roIe of infIammatory factors and ceIIs in APAP hepatotoxicity,as weII as protection strate-gies of chemicaIs and naturaI products.

Lysophosphatidylcholines belong to a group of lipid components which have a variety of physiological functions. LPCs are known to be linked to metabolic disorders and cardio-vascular diseases,including diabetes,atherosclerosis and dyslip-idemia.LPCs are actively metabolized in liver,which is closely related with liver diseases and hepatotoxicity.The role of LPCs in liver diseases and hepatotoxicities has been extensively investi-gated recently.This review focuses on lysophosphatidylcholines as a biomarker for liver diseases,such as hepatic carcinoma, cholestasis,cirrhosis,hepatitis,and chemical hepatotoxicities, trying to lay a basis for investigation and therapeutics of liver dis-eases.

Objective To investigate any effects of rubbing acupoints on the right leg on activation and deactivation responses in the human cerebellum. Methods Ten male, healthy, right-handed subjects were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while their Zusanli (ST36) , Yanglingquan (GB34),Fenglong (ST40) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints on the right lower extremity were stimulated. A block-designed method was applied. A piece of sponge was used to rub all the above-mentioned acupoints for stimulation. The mean values of the activation and deactivation signals in different cerebellar zones induced by stimulating each acupoint were calculated.Results Each acupoint could modulate cerebellum function in its specific way, but all acupoints induced the largest mean values in the Vermis Crus I area. The largest deactivation effects for all acupoints except Sanyinjiao were located in the Vermis VI area. For each acupoint, left and right side activation effects of the 20 zones of the cerebellum were basically consistent, though the mean values of most zones were higher on the right side. Conclusions The four acupoints studied not only shared common modulating effects, but also showed point-specific influence on cerebellum function. The effects exerted by each acupoint on the Vermis were greater than that on the cerebellar hemispheres. The phenomena observed in this study could contribute to acupoint selection during rehabilitation.

This paper would discuss the concepts about motor imagery and differences to motor execution. The application of motor imagination in rehabilitation was described. The problem of the way to observe the motor imagery and executing task of motor imagery effectively are emphasized. Finally we provide an addressing on motor imagery questionnaires.

Objective To identify the risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with hemiplegia. Methods The total body bone mineral density (BMD) of 366 patients with hemiplegia in the stage of rehabilitation was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The data of the patients were analyzed with multiple logistic regressions. Results The incidence of osteoporosis was 15.3 % (56/366) in the cohort. ≥60 years old (OR=5.434, 95% CI:2.734～10.801), duration of disease (OR=1.046, 95% CI:1.013～1.080), body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.746,95% CI:0.622～0.840),ADL level (OR=0.618, 95% CI: 0.444～0.858) were independently correlated with osteoporosis in patients with hemiplegia. Conclusion Patients with hemiplegia in the stage of rehabilitation were at a high risk of osteoporosis. Aged over 60 years old, lower BMI, longer duration of disease and ADL level were independent risk factors for osteoporosis, which called for supervision and prophylaxis on osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass and the influencing factors in patients with hemiplegia.Methods The total BMD, bone mass, lean mass and fat mass of 366 patients (313 stroke cases and 53 TBI cases) with hemiplegia were tested by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, as well as the clinical features of all patients, were studied.Results The bone masses in the paretic side (upper limb, lower limb and trunk) decreased significantly compared with nonparetic side ( P<0.01); the differences of bone masses (%) in upper limb, lower limb and trunk between paretic and nonparetic side decreased with duration of disease or trauma ( P<0.01). The multivariable stepwise regression analyses showed that the total bone mass and total BMD were negatively correlated with age and duration of disease significantly (all P<0.01), and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) significantly ( P<0.01), the total BMD was also positively correlated with lean mass ( P<0.01) and ADL level ( P<0.05).Conclusion The bone mass deceases in the paretic side significantly, and gets worse with the duration of disease. Age, duration of disease or trauma and BMI influence total BMD and bone mass; in addition, total BMD is correlated with total lean mass and ADL level.