OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

The "Guidelines for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mothers and infants (2025 Edition)" were developed by the Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Medical Association. This guideline focuses on preventing RSV infections in maternal and neonatal populations, providing 15 evidence-based recommendations addressing eight clinical questions that integrate current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. The recommendations encompass non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prophylaxis, and vaccine strategies. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines, summarizes the current evidence status and practical limitations, and aims to facilitate better understanding and application of the recommendations among healthcare providers, thereby enhancing RSV infection prevention and control for maternal and neonatal populations in China.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term safety of Nirsevimab injection for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants through a physician-nurse-pharmacist collaborative model.Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled infants receiving single-dose Nirsevimab at Peking University Third Hospital from September 2024 to August 2025. A multidisciplinary team comprising pediatricians, nurses, pharmacists, and obstetricians was established to develop standardized protocols for medication management, injection procedures, follow-up processes, and safety assessment forms. Descriptive statistics analyzed on-site observations within 30 minutes post-injection and all adverse events, with causality assessment conducted.Results:Among 331 participants [171 males (51.7%), 160 females (48.3%)], 225 (68.0%) received outpatient injections and 106 (32.0%) inpatient injections. Successful administration was achieved in 330 cases (99.7%), including 207 (62.7%) receiving 50 mg/vial and 123 (37.3%) receiving 100 mg/vial formulations; one child (3 years 11 months, 19.0 kg) received two 100 mg doses. During the 30-minute observation, 11 cases (3.3%) experienced adverse events, all presenting as injection site erythema following 100 mg/vial administration, with no systemic or serious adverse events observed. All symptoms resolved spontaneously within 30 minutes. Multidisciplinary review suggested potential associations with insufficient rewarming time, larger injection volumes, or post-injection compression pressure.Conclusion:Nirsevimab demonstrated favorable short-term safety profiles in Chinese infants following single-dose administration, with feasible multidisciplinary standardized protocols, though larger sample sizes and extended follow-up are warranted for monitoring medium-to-long-term safety and special populations.

Objective:To explore the differences on contraindication information for children in domestic and foreign drug instructions, and provide reference for improving the relevant information in Chinese drug insert sheets.Methods:Chinese drug insert sheets of chemicals and biological products contained in the China Pharmacopoeia 2020 and those of the western medicines in the 2023 China′s Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related Injury Insurance and Childbirth Insurance Drug Catalog were collected; drugs that were marked as contraindication for children were selected and relevant contraindication information in the Chinese drug insert sheets was collected. Instructions of the above-mentioned drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (English labels) were also collected, and the information on pediatric medication was reviewed and compared with the Chinese drug insert sheets. Results:A total of 222 drugs were labeled as contraindication for children in the Chinese drug insert sheets, of which 149 were available for their English labels; 123 drugs (17.5%) were not labeled as contraindication for children in English labels, and 26 (82.5%) were labeled. The 123 drugs that were not labeled as contraindication for children in the English labels included the following conditions: 58 were labeled as contraindication for children of some age in the Chinese drug insert sheets but not in the English labels, and relevant medication information was provided; 40 were labeled as contraindication for children of some age group in the Chinese drug insert sheets but was described as the effectiveness and safety of the use for children have not yet been determined for this age group in the English labels; 13 were labeled as contraindication for children in the Chinese drug insert sheets, but the medication information on children in the English labels was not clear or missing; 12 were labeled as contraindicated for children in Chinese drug insert sheets but not in the English labels, only expressed as not yet determined or not recommended for use, etc., with inconsistent age group. Among the 26 drugs labeled as contraindication for children in both Chinese and English instructions, the contraindication age group were the same in above 2 instructions for 20 drugs, and were inconsistent for the other 6 drugs; reasons for contraindication were described in both the 2 instructions for 17 drugs (13 were consistent, 4 were inconsistent), only in English labels for 8 drugs, and only in Chinese drug insert sheets for 1 drug.Conclusions:Many drugs are labeled as contraindication for children in Chinese drug insert sheets, but reasons for contraindication are rarely explained. Differences in children′s age in contraindications exist for some drugs between the Chinese drug insert sheets and English labels. The information on contraindications for children in Chinese drug insert sheets still needs to be further improved.

Objective:To explore the differences on contraindication information for children in domestic and foreign drug instructions, and provide reference for improving the relevant information in Chinese drug insert sheets.Methods:Chinese drug insert sheets of chemicals and biological products contained in the China Pharmacopoeia 2020 and those of the western medicines in the 2023 China′s Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related Injury Insurance and Childbirth Insurance Drug Catalog were collected; drugs that were marked as contraindication for children were selected and relevant contraindication information in the Chinese drug insert sheets was collected. Instructions of the above-mentioned drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (English labels) were also collected, and the information on pediatric medication was reviewed and compared with the Chinese drug insert sheets. Results:A total of 222 drugs were labeled as contraindication for children in the Chinese drug insert sheets, of which 149 were available for their English labels; 123 drugs (17.5%) were not labeled as contraindication for children in English labels, and 26 (82.5%) were labeled. The 123 drugs that were not labeled as contraindication for children in the English labels included the following conditions: 58 were labeled as contraindication for children of some age in the Chinese drug insert sheets but not in the English labels, and relevant medication information was provided; 40 were labeled as contraindication for children of some age group in the Chinese drug insert sheets but was described as the effectiveness and safety of the use for children have not yet been determined for this age group in the English labels; 13 were labeled as contraindication for children in the Chinese drug insert sheets, but the medication information on children in the English labels was not clear or missing; 12 were labeled as contraindicated for children in Chinese drug insert sheets but not in the English labels, only expressed as not yet determined or not recommended for use, etc., with inconsistent age group. Among the 26 drugs labeled as contraindication for children in both Chinese and English instructions, the contraindication age group were the same in above 2 instructions for 20 drugs, and were inconsistent for the other 6 drugs; reasons for contraindication were described in both the 2 instructions for 17 drugs (13 were consistent, 4 were inconsistent), only in English labels for 8 drugs, and only in Chinese drug insert sheets for 1 drug.Conclusions:Many drugs are labeled as contraindication for children in Chinese drug insert sheets, but reasons for contraindication are rarely explained. Differences in children′s age in contraindications exist for some drugs between the Chinese drug insert sheets and English labels. The information on contraindications for children in Chinese drug insert sheets still needs to be further improved.

The "Guidelines for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mothers and infants (2025 Edition)" were developed by the Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Medical Association. This guideline focuses on preventing RSV infections in maternal and neonatal populations, providing 15 evidence-based recommendations addressing eight clinical questions that integrate current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. The recommendations encompass non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prophylaxis, and vaccine strategies. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines, summarizes the current evidence status and practical limitations, and aims to facilitate better understanding and application of the recommendations among healthcare providers, thereby enhancing RSV infection prevention and control for maternal and neonatal populations in China.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term safety of Nirsevimab injection for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants through a physician-nurse-pharmacist collaborative model.Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled infants receiving single-dose Nirsevimab at Peking University Third Hospital from September 2024 to August 2025. A multidisciplinary team comprising pediatricians, nurses, pharmacists, and obstetricians was established to develop standardized protocols for medication management, injection procedures, follow-up processes, and safety assessment forms. Descriptive statistics analyzed on-site observations within 30 minutes post-injection and all adverse events, with causality assessment conducted.Results:Among 331 participants [171 males (51.7%), 160 females (48.3%)], 225 (68.0%) received outpatient injections and 106 (32.0%) inpatient injections. Successful administration was achieved in 330 cases (99.7%), including 207 (62.7%) receiving 50 mg/vial and 123 (37.3%) receiving 100 mg/vial formulations; one child (3 years 11 months, 19.0 kg) received two 100 mg doses. During the 30-minute observation, 11 cases (3.3%) experienced adverse events, all presenting as injection site erythema following 100 mg/vial administration, with no systemic or serious adverse events observed. All symptoms resolved spontaneously within 30 minutes. Multidisciplinary review suggested potential associations with insufficient rewarming time, larger injection volumes, or post-injection compression pressure.Conclusion:Nirsevimab demonstrated favorable short-term safety profiles in Chinese infants following single-dose administration, with feasible multidisciplinary standardized protocols, though larger sample sizes and extended follow-up are warranted for monitoring medium-to-long-term safety and special populations.

OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize the working model of pharmacy consultation in medical institutions in China， and to provide reference for the normalization of process， standardization of content and homogenization of services of pharmacy consultation. METHODS A systematic search of Chinese and English literature databases was conducted to incorporate the literature on the working model of pharmacy consultation published by medical institutions in China. Two researchers screened and extracted the key information， and ultimately conducted qualitative summary and descriptive analysis. RESULTS Based on the included 11 articles， the pharmacy consultation working models were explored by clinical pharmacists in China. The contents of consultation mainly involved anti-infection， parenteral nutrition， cancer pain， etc. The general concept of pharmacy consultation should refer to the constructed flowchart， specific consultation problems could refer to the pathway， mind map， or decision tree and other framework guidance to carry out the work. Finally， consultation opinions could be written according to the consultation system or specialty consultation templates， and the adoption of a new working model （such as pharmacist active consultation） could also promote the number and acceptance rate of pharmacy consultation. CONCLUSIONS A series of working models of pharmacy consultation have been initially explored in medical institutions in China. However， it is not yet perfect and lacks a unified quality control and evaluation system for pharmacy consultation， which should be the focus of future research and practice.

Background::The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonate. Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome, who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) treatment. However, it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.Methods::From February 2020 to May 2021, we collected the whole raw time-lapse videos at multiple focal planes from in vitro cultured embryos, the clinical information of couples, and the comprehensive chromosome screening results of those blastocysts that had received PGT treatment. Initially, we developed a novel deep learning model called the Attentive Multi-Focus Selection Network (AMSNet) to analyze time-lapse videos in real time and predict blastocyst formation. Building upon AMSNet, we integrated additional clinically predictive variables and created a second deep learning model, the Attentive Multi-Focus Video and Clinical Information Fusion Network (AMCFNet), to assess the euploidy status of embryos. The efficacy of the AMCFNet was further tested in embryos with parental chromosomal rearrangements. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the superiority of the model. Results::A total of 4112 embryos with complete time-lapse videos were enrolled for the blastocyst formation prediction task, and 1422 qualified blastocysts received PGT-A ( n = 589) or PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangement (PGT-SR, n = 833) were enrolled for the euploidy assessment task in this study. The AMSNet model using seven focal raw time-lapse videos has the best real-time accuracy. The real-time accuracy for AMSNet to predict blastocyst formation reached above 70% on the day 2 of embryo culture, and then increased to 80% on the day 4 of embryo culture. Combing with 4 clinical features of couples, the AUC of AMCFNet with 7 focal points increased to 0.729 in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement. Conclusion::Integrating seven focal raw time-lapse images of embryos and parental clinical information, AMCFNet model have the capability of assessing euploidy status in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement.

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of semaglutide with dulaglutide in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted to include patients with type 2 diabetes who received semaglutide or dulaglutide treatment at three hospitals between April 2021 and July 2023 in the study.The patients were divided into the semaglutide group(SEMA group)and the dulaglutide group(DULA group)based on their treatment.Propensity score matching was used to pair the two groups in a 1:1 ratio,aligning them based on baseline characteristics such as gender,age,body mass index,blood glucose levels,duration of diabetes,and complications.Various parameters including fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),serum creatinine,urea nitrogen levels,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR),and occurrences of adverse reactions were assessed at 3,6,9,and 12 months after the treatment.Results After propensity score matching,98 patients were included in both the SEMA and DULA groups,showing no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups(P＞0.05).At each follow-up point,the fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and HbA1c levels of both groups showed a significant decrease compared to the baseline(P≤0.05).The inter-group comparison revealed no statistically significant differences in the changes in fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and HbA1c levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 6th month,the SEMA group exhibited a statistically significant higher rate of HbA1c＜7％compared to the DULA group(P＜0.05).In the SEMA group,serum creatinine and urea nitrogen decreased significantly at the 6th month compared to baseline,while eGFR showed an increase at the 3rd and 6th month,and UACR decreased,all with statistical significance(P＜0.05).In the DULA group,there was a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine and decrease at the 3rd and 6th months in eGFR,respectively.Additionally,urea nitrogen levels decreased significantly at the 9th month,all differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The inter-group comparison revealed that at the 3rd and 6th month,the SEMA group exhibited a greater reduction in serum creatinine levels compared to the DULA group.Additionally,the SEMA group demonstrated a more pronounced increase in eGFR levels than the DULA group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).At the 6th month,the SEMA group exhibited a significantly greater decrease in UACR and a significantly lower incidence of renal insufficiency compared to the DULA group(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Semaglutide and dulaglutide can significantly improve blood glucose control,exhibit comparable effectiveness and safety in lowering blood glucose levels,and semaglutide has a potentially protective effect on renal function.