OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

Hyperleukocytic actue leukaemia served as an acute and critical disease of the blood system,its fatality rate can be as high as 20%-30%,and the systemic treatment should be carried out immediately af-ter diagnosis.At present,a number of studies at home and abroad have confirmed that the patients with hyper-leukocytic acute leukemia can achieve a similar remission rate and prognosis as the patients with non-hyperleu-kocytic acute leukemia after effective leukocyte lowering pretreatment.This article discussed the aspects such as the mechanism of leukemia cytosis and leukocyte lowering pretreatment therapy,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis,treatment and research of this malignant hematological cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of training physicians from secondary comprehensive hospitals in the clinical assessment of brain death and to provide recommendations for nationwide implementation.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled physicians who completed standardized training in clinical brain death determination at five pilot hospitals between June and December 2023. Participants were from internal medicine, neurology, critical care, emergency, or anesthesiology departments of secondary comprehensive hospitals and had ≥5 years of clinical experience. Organ donation coordinators and surgeons involved in organ donation or transplantation were excluded. The training program comprised four modules: didactic lectures, bedside demonstrations, simulation-based practice, and written theoretical assessment with review. The theoretical assessment was considered qualified if the score was 60 or above. Participants were categorized into ≥80 and <80 groups based on assessment scores. Between-group comparisons were conducted using rank-sum or chi-square tests.Results:A total of 191 physicians from 74 secondary comprehensive hospitals were enrolled. Most held a bachelor's degree [89.5%(171/191)] and had intermediate [47.1%(90/191)] or associate senior [36.1%(69/191)] professional titles; [59.7%(114/191)] were from non-neurology specialties. The overall pass rate was 99.5% (190/191), with a mean score of 82.4±7.1. Compared with those scoring<80 (56 participants), physicians scoring ≥80 (135 participants) differed significantly by professional title, province, and department ( P=0.014, 0.019 and 0.039). The proportion scoring<80 was higher among junior/intermediate versus senior titles [38.0%(41/108) vs 18.1%(15/83), P=0.003), and among non-neurology/critical care departments (emergency, internal medicine, anesthesiology) versus neurology/critical care [39.7%(31/78) vs 22.1%(25/113), P=0.009]. Only 2.09%(4/191) achieved a perfect score. Across all test items, the overall error rate was 14.99%(700/4 670). The five knowledge points with the highest error rates were mistriggering of mechanical ventilation [96.97%(32/33)], corneal reflex [42.25%(30/71)], spinal reflexes [24.25%(65/268)], documentation of the determination [21.21%(7/33)], and the apnea test procedure [20.73%(57/275)]. Conclusions:The pilot hospitals can effectively deliver clinical training for brain death determination, supporting nationwide promotion. However, physicians' theoretical grounding in neurology at secondary comprehensive hospitals appears relatively weak. Training curricula should be optimized to further improve training quality.

Objective To explore the application value of quadriceps fat fraction(FF)in the early diagnosis of patellofemoral arthritis(PA).Methods A total of 98 patients were selected for conventional knee MRI examination and IDEAL-IQ sequence imaging.The FFm,FFl and FFt of quadriceps were measured.The patient group[chondromalacia patellae(CMP)(CMP group)and PA group]was compared with normal control(NC)(NC group).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to assess diag-nostic efficacy.Results FFm,FFl,and FFt in the NC group were significantly lower than those in the patient group(P＜0.001).The FFm and FFl in the PA group were significantly higher than those in the CMP group(P=0.015,P=0.011).Additionally,within both CMP and PA groups,FFl was significantly higher than FFm(P＜0.01).The diagnostic efficacy of FFm was the highest for early PA diagnosis,with an optimal threshold of 8.4％.Conclusion The quadriceps FF can effectively quantify muscle fat infiltration in PA patients,especially in the lateral muscle.An increase in FF value can serve as an early quantitative biomarker for PA,providing sig-nificant reference value for clinical diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

New quality productivity is a strategic engine for promoting high-quality development and is an inherent requirement and important focus for enhancing new driving forces and building national advantages.The cultivation of innovative talents and technological innovation are key to the development of new quality productivity.Laboratory animal science is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject that integrates multiple disciplines including biology,medicine,pharmacy,and biomedical engineering.Teaching and research of laboratory animal science not only promotes the creation of innovative talent teams by cultivating innovative consciousness,thinking,spirit,and operational abilities,but also promotes the development of cutting-edge technologies and the transformation of disruptive research result in the fields of basic research and clinical translation of biomedicine,thus providing important guarantees for China's scientific and technological progress and innovative development.

Objective To explore the application value of quadriceps fat fraction(FF)in the early diagnosis of patellofemoral arthritis(PA).Methods A total of 98 patients were selected for conventional knee MRI examination and IDEAL-IQ sequence imaging.The FFm,FFl and FFt of quadriceps were measured.The patient group[chondromalacia patellae(CMP)(CMP group)and PA group]was compared with normal control(NC)(NC group).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to assess diag-nostic efficacy.Results FFm,FFl,and FFt in the NC group were significantly lower than those in the patient group(P＜0.001).The FFm and FFl in the PA group were significantly higher than those in the CMP group(P=0.015,P=0.011).Additionally,within both CMP and PA groups,FFl was significantly higher than FFm(P＜0.01).The diagnostic efficacy of FFm was the highest for early PA diagnosis,with an optimal threshold of 8.4％.Conclusion The quadriceps FF can effectively quantify muscle fat infiltration in PA patients,especially in the lateral muscle.An increase in FF value can serve as an early quantitative biomarker for PA,providing sig-nificant reference value for clinical diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

New quality productivity is a strategic engine for promoting high-quality development and is an inherent requirement and important focus for enhancing new driving forces and building national advantages.The cultivation of innovative talents and technological innovation are key to the development of new quality productivity.Laboratory animal science is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject that integrates multiple disciplines including biology,medicine,pharmacy,and biomedical engineering.Teaching and research of laboratory animal science not only promotes the creation of innovative talent teams by cultivating innovative consciousness,thinking,spirit,and operational abilities,but also promotes the development of cutting-edge technologies and the transformation of disruptive research result in the fields of basic research and clinical translation of biomedicine,thus providing important guarantees for China's scientific and technological progress and innovative development.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of training physicians from secondary comprehensive hospitals in the clinical assessment of brain death and to provide recommendations for nationwide implementation.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled physicians who completed standardized training in clinical brain death determination at five pilot hospitals between June and December 2023. Participants were from internal medicine, neurology, critical care, emergency, or anesthesiology departments of secondary comprehensive hospitals and had ≥5 years of clinical experience. Organ donation coordinators and surgeons involved in organ donation or transplantation were excluded. The training program comprised four modules: didactic lectures, bedside demonstrations, simulation-based practice, and written theoretical assessment with review. The theoretical assessment was considered qualified if the score was 60 or above. Participants were categorized into ≥80 and <80 groups based on assessment scores. Between-group comparisons were conducted using rank-sum or chi-square tests.Results:A total of 191 physicians from 74 secondary comprehensive hospitals were enrolled. Most held a bachelor's degree [89.5%(171/191)] and had intermediate [47.1%(90/191)] or associate senior [36.1%(69/191)] professional titles; [59.7%(114/191)] were from non-neurology specialties. The overall pass rate was 99.5% (190/191), with a mean score of 82.4±7.1. Compared with those scoring<80 (56 participants), physicians scoring ≥80 (135 participants) differed significantly by professional title, province, and department ( P=0.014, 0.019 and 0.039). The proportion scoring<80 was higher among junior/intermediate versus senior titles [38.0%(41/108) vs 18.1%(15/83), P=0.003), and among non-neurology/critical care departments (emergency, internal medicine, anesthesiology) versus neurology/critical care [39.7%(31/78) vs 22.1%(25/113), P=0.009]. Only 2.09%(4/191) achieved a perfect score. Across all test items, the overall error rate was 14.99%(700/4 670). The five knowledge points with the highest error rates were mistriggering of mechanical ventilation [96.97%(32/33)], corneal reflex [42.25%(30/71)], spinal reflexes [24.25%(65/268)], documentation of the determination [21.21%(7/33)], and the apnea test procedure [20.73%(57/275)]. Conclusions:The pilot hospitals can effectively deliver clinical training for brain death determination, supporting nationwide promotion. However, physicians' theoretical grounding in neurology at secondary comprehensive hospitals appears relatively weak. Training curricula should be optimized to further improve training quality.

In order to meet the accuracy requirements of hospitals for abnormal detection of fetal monitor data,a hospital fetal monitor data anomaly detection method based on Euclidean distance was proposed.In this method,according to the abnormal detection method of fetal monitor data in hospitals,the ultrasound Doppler detector was used to collect fetal heart rate signal data,and the fetal heart rate signal denoising method based on adaptive filtering was used to remove the noise components of the collected fetal heart rate signal.The denoised fetal heart rate signal was used as the identification sample of the abnormal fetal heart rate signal identification method based on Euclidean distance method.The Euclidean distance Euclidean distance between the denoised fetal heart rate signal and the normal fetal heart rate signal was analyzed by combining the Euclidean distance method and the strong classifier to analyze whether the virtual sinusoidal distance between the denoised fetal heart rate signal and the normal fetal heart rate signal was greater than the tuned Euclidean distance threshold.Fetal heart rate signal samples greater than the threshold were classified and diagnosed as abnormal monitoring data.The fetal heart rate information collected by the fetal monitor in the hospital was accurate,and the abnormal detection results were valid and reliable.

OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize the working model of pharmacy consultation in medical institutions in China， and to provide reference for the normalization of process， standardization of content and homogenization of services of pharmacy consultation. METHODS A systematic search of Chinese and English literature databases was conducted to incorporate the literature on the working model of pharmacy consultation published by medical institutions in China. Two researchers screened and extracted the key information， and ultimately conducted qualitative summary and descriptive analysis. RESULTS Based on the included 11 articles， the pharmacy consultation working models were explored by clinical pharmacists in China. The contents of consultation mainly involved anti-infection， parenteral nutrition， cancer pain， etc. The general concept of pharmacy consultation should refer to the constructed flowchart， specific consultation problems could refer to the pathway， mind map， or decision tree and other framework guidance to carry out the work. Finally， consultation opinions could be written according to the consultation system or specialty consultation templates， and the adoption of a new working model （such as pharmacist active consultation） could also promote the number and acceptance rate of pharmacy consultation. CONCLUSIONS A series of working models of pharmacy consultation have been initially explored in medical institutions in China. However， it is not yet perfect and lacks a unified quality control and evaluation system for pharmacy consultation， which should be the focus of future research and practice.