Objective:To explore the application effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC)in immuno-logy education and optimize teaching models to enhance students'clinical thinking and self-directed learning abilities.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the current application status of AIGC among 105 university teachers.Taking"TypeⅠHypersensitivity"as an example,integrating AI tools to generate dynamic case scenarios and multimodal resources.Teaching effective-ness was evaluated through classroom practices and student questionnaires.Results:88.32%of teachers recognized AIGC's role in im-proving preparation efficiency,and 61.54%of students reported significantly improved learning outcomes.However,71.43%of teach-ers expressed concerns about increased student dependency,and 55.84%of teachers emphasized challenges in content quality control.Conclusion:AIGC effectively enhances teaching interactivity and personalized learning.Future efforts should focus on optimizing con-tent authority,establishing ethical guidelines,and promoting the development of human-AI collaborative educational models.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of structured report(SR)for CT scans in laryngeal cancer.Methods Accord-ing to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)8th edition TN staging,the SR template of CT suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer was constructed.It included 5 tumor-related points,4 lymph node-related points,and T and N staging.The differences in the occurrence rate of 11 key points and the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and narrative report(NR)were evaluated and compared.The readability,completeness and overall impression of SR were investigated among radiologists and otolaryngologists with different seniority.Results Finally,208 SR samples and 246 NR samples were included.Except for N0 stage,there were no statistical differences in age,sex ratio,laryngeal cancer classification,or T stage between SR and NR(P＞0.05).The occurrence rate of tumor size,extranodal extension(ENE),and T and N staging in early laryngeal cancer(T1-T2 stage)SR was higher than that in NR(P＜0.05).The occurrence rate of invasion of intra-and extra-pharyngeal vital structures,tumor size,enhancement degree,ENE,invasion of extranodal soft tissue,and T and N staging was higher in SR than that in NR in advanced laryngeal cancer(T3-T4 stage)(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and NR(P＞0.05).Otolaryngologists rated the difficulty,completeness,and overall impression of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Radiologists rated the convenience,difficulty,and teaching value of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Conclusion Building a CT SR based on AJCC 8th edition TN staging suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer can improve the clarity and completeness of imaging reports,making it clinically feasible.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of structured report(SR)for CT scans in laryngeal cancer.Methods Accord-ing to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)8th edition TN staging,the SR template of CT suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer was constructed.It included 5 tumor-related points,4 lymph node-related points,and T and N staging.The differences in the occurrence rate of 11 key points and the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and narrative report(NR)were evaluated and compared.The readability,completeness and overall impression of SR were investigated among radiologists and otolaryngologists with different seniority.Results Finally,208 SR samples and 246 NR samples were included.Except for N0 stage,there were no statistical differences in age,sex ratio,laryngeal cancer classification,or T stage between SR and NR(P＞0.05).The occurrence rate of tumor size,extranodal extension(ENE),and T and N staging in early laryngeal cancer(T1-T2 stage)SR was higher than that in NR(P＜0.05).The occurrence rate of invasion of intra-and extra-pharyngeal vital structures,tumor size,enhancement degree,ENE,invasion of extranodal soft tissue,and T and N staging was higher in SR than that in NR in advanced laryngeal cancer(T3-T4 stage)(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and NR(P＞0.05).Otolaryngologists rated the difficulty,completeness,and overall impression of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Radiologists rated the convenience,difficulty,and teaching value of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Conclusion Building a CT SR based on AJCC 8th edition TN staging suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer can improve the clarity and completeness of imaging reports,making it clinically feasible.

Objective:To explore the application effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC)in immuno-logy education and optimize teaching models to enhance students'clinical thinking and self-directed learning abilities.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the current application status of AIGC among 105 university teachers.Taking"TypeⅠHypersensitivity"as an example,integrating AI tools to generate dynamic case scenarios and multimodal resources.Teaching effective-ness was evaluated through classroom practices and student questionnaires.Results:88.32%of teachers recognized AIGC's role in im-proving preparation efficiency,and 61.54%of students reported significantly improved learning outcomes.However,71.43%of teach-ers expressed concerns about increased student dependency,and 55.84%of teachers emphasized challenges in content quality control.Conclusion:AIGC effectively enhances teaching interactivity and personalized learning.Future efforts should focus on optimizing con-tent authority,establishing ethical guidelines,and promoting the development of human-AI collaborative educational models.

Vaccination is the most effective measure for reducing and preventing influenza and related complications. In this study, we analyzed the mutation trend and the antigen dominant site changes of the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) of human influenza A virus (IAV) in the northern hemisphere from 2012 to 2022. According to the HA1 sequences of A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2) and A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1) recommended by the World Health Organization in the 2022 influenza season in northern hemisphere, we employed the mosaic algorithm to design three Mosaic-HA1 antigens through stepwise substitution. Mosaic-HA1 was expressed and purified in 293F cells and then mixed with the alum adjuvant at a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixture was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and the immunogenicity was evaluated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that Mosaic-HA1 induced the production of IgG targeting two types of HA1, the specific IgG titers for binding to H3 protein and H1 protein reached 10⁵ and 10³ respectively. The challenge test showed that Mosaic-HA1 protected mice from H3N2 or H1N1. This study designs the vaccines by recombination of major antigenic sites in different subtypes of IAV, giving new insights into the development of multivalent subunit vaccines against influenza.
Animals ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics* ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice ; Influenza Vaccines/genetics* ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics* ; Humans ; Antibodies, Viral/blood* ; Antigens, Viral/genetics* ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology* ; Female ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control* ; HEK293 Cells

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) can lead to vascular dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and arterial diseases. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying CIH-induced vascular dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, this study analyzed the role of aortic smooth muscle calciumactivated potassium (BK) channels in CIH-induced vascular dysfunction. CIH models were established in rats and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Hemodynamic parameters such as mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in rats, along with an assessment of vascular tone. NO and ET-1 levels were detected in rat serum, and the levels of ET-1, NO, eNOS, p-eNOS, oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA), and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) were tested in aortic tissues. The Ca2+ concentration in RASMCs was investigated. The activity of BK channels (BKα and BKβ) was evaluated in aortic tissues and RASMCs. SBP, DBP, and MBP were elevated in CIH-treated rats, along with endothelial dysfunction, cellular edema and partial detachment of endothelial cells. BK channel activity was decreased in CIH-treated rats and RASMCs. BK channel activation increased eNOS, p-eNOS, and NO levels while lowering ET-1, ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in CIH-treated rats. Ca2+ concentration increased in RASMCs following CIH modeling, which was reversed by BK channel activation. BK channel inhibitor (Iberiotoxin) exacerbated CIH-induced vascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. BK channel activation promoted vasorelaxation while suppressing vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby indirectly improving CIH-induced vascular dysfunction.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) can lead to vascular dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and arterial diseases. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying CIH-induced vascular dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, this study analyzed the role of aortic smooth muscle calciumactivated potassium (BK) channels in CIH-induced vascular dysfunction. CIH models were established in rats and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Hemodynamic parameters such as mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in rats, along with an assessment of vascular tone. NO and ET-1 levels were detected in rat serum, and the levels of ET-1, NO, eNOS, p-eNOS, oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA), and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) were tested in aortic tissues. The Ca2+ concentration in RASMCs was investigated. The activity of BK channels (BKα and BKβ) was evaluated in aortic tissues and RASMCs. SBP, DBP, and MBP were elevated in CIH-treated rats, along with endothelial dysfunction, cellular edema and partial detachment of endothelial cells. BK channel activity was decreased in CIH-treated rats and RASMCs. BK channel activation increased eNOS, p-eNOS, and NO levels while lowering ET-1, ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in CIH-treated rats. Ca2+ concentration increased in RASMCs following CIH modeling, which was reversed by BK channel activation. BK channel inhibitor (Iberiotoxin) exacerbated CIH-induced vascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. BK channel activation promoted vasorelaxation while suppressing vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby indirectly improving CIH-induced vascular dysfunction.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) can lead to vascular dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and arterial diseases. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying CIH-induced vascular dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, this study analyzed the role of aortic smooth muscle calciumactivated potassium (BK) channels in CIH-induced vascular dysfunction. CIH models were established in rats and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Hemodynamic parameters such as mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in rats, along with an assessment of vascular tone. NO and ET-1 levels were detected in rat serum, and the levels of ET-1, NO, eNOS, p-eNOS, oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA), and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) were tested in aortic tissues. The Ca2+ concentration in RASMCs was investigated. The activity of BK channels (BKα and BKβ) was evaluated in aortic tissues and RASMCs. SBP, DBP, and MBP were elevated in CIH-treated rats, along with endothelial dysfunction, cellular edema and partial detachment of endothelial cells. BK channel activity was decreased in CIH-treated rats and RASMCs. BK channel activation increased eNOS, p-eNOS, and NO levels while lowering ET-1, ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in CIH-treated rats. Ca2+ concentration increased in RASMCs following CIH modeling, which was reversed by BK channel activation. BK channel inhibitor (Iberiotoxin) exacerbated CIH-induced vascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. BK channel activation promoted vasorelaxation while suppressing vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby indirectly improving CIH-induced vascular dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription from the perspective of bone metabolism by observing the clinical efficacy of this prescription in treating femoral head necrosis （ONFH， syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency） and its influences on bone metabolism indexes： N-terminal propeptide （PINP） and β-collagen degradation product （β-CTX）. MethodSixty-six ONFH patients with the syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency in Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Orthopedics from December 2021 to September 2022 were selected. The patients were randomized into an experimental group and a control group by the parallel control method， with 33 patients in each group. The experimental group received Bushen Huoxue prescription orally， while the control group received Xianlinggubao Capsules orally， with a treatment cycle of 6 months. The visual analogue scale （VAS） score， Harris score， Association Research Circulation Osseous （ARCO） staging， imaging changes， quantitative scores of TCM symptoms， and serum levels of PINP and β-CTX were determined before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse events and reactions was recorded. ResultThe total response rate in the experimental group was 83.87% （26/31）， which was higher than that （68.75%， 22/32） in the control group （Z=-2.096， P<0.05）. After treatment， the single and total scores of TCM symptoms， VAS score， and β-CTX level decreased in the two groups （P<0.05）. Moreover， the decreases in the scores of hip pain， lower limb mobility， soreness of waist and knees， and lower limb flaccidity， total score of TCM symptoms， VAS score， and β-CTX level in the experimental were larger than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the imaging results showed no significant improvement in the two groups. The Harris score and PINP level in both groups increased after treatment （P<0.05）， and the increases were more obvious in the experimental group than in the control group （P<0.05）. No serious adverse event or adverse reaction appeared during the observation period. ConclusionBushen Huoxue prescription can relieve pain and TCM symptoms and improve the hip joint function in treating ONFH patients with the syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency. It can inhibit the development of ONFH， increase PINP， and decrease β-CTX. No obvious side effect appears during the clinical observation period， which shows that Bushen Huoxue prescription has good safety.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) can lead to vascular dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and arterial diseases. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying CIH-induced vascular dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, this study analyzed the role of aortic smooth muscle calciumactivated potassium (BK) channels in CIH-induced vascular dysfunction. CIH models were established in rats and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Hemodynamic parameters such as mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in rats, along with an assessment of vascular tone. NO and ET-1 levels were detected in rat serum, and the levels of ET-1, NO, eNOS, p-eNOS, oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA), and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) were tested in aortic tissues. The Ca2+ concentration in RASMCs was investigated. The activity of BK channels (BKα and BKβ) was evaluated in aortic tissues and RASMCs. SBP, DBP, and MBP were elevated in CIH-treated rats, along with endothelial dysfunction, cellular edema and partial detachment of endothelial cells. BK channel activity was decreased in CIH-treated rats and RASMCs. BK channel activation increased eNOS, p-eNOS, and NO levels while lowering ET-1, ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in CIH-treated rats. Ca2+ concentration increased in RASMCs following CIH modeling, which was reversed by BK channel activation. BK channel inhibitor (Iberiotoxin) exacerbated CIH-induced vascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. BK channel activation promoted vasorelaxation while suppressing vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby indirectly improving CIH-induced vascular dysfunction.