Objective To analyze changes of preoperative T lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity,and their relationship with pathological characteristics in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A total of 150 patients with primary HCC underwent elective surgical treatment were enrolled as the HCC group,while 150 healthy controls during the same period were enrolled as the control group.Before surgery,the levels of peripheral blood CD3+,CD4+and CD8+were detected by flow cytometry,and CD4+/CD8+was calculated.The levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in peripheral blood were detected by immunoturbidimetry.The pathological characteristics of HCC patients were collected,and the differences of preoperative immune indexes in patients with different pathological characteristics were compared.The receiver operating curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the predictive value of immune indicators for pathological characteristics.Results The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were lower in the HCC group than those in the control group,while levels of CD8+,IgA,IgG and IgM were higher in the HCC group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than those of patients with distant lymph non-metastasis(P＜0.05).The levels of CD8+,IgA,IgG and IgM were higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those of patients without metastasis(P＜0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves showed that area under the curve(AUC)values of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA,IgG,and IgM for predicting lymph node metastasis in HCC patients were 0.810,0.741,0.770,0.707,0.756,0.738 and 0.727.Conclusion There are abnormal changes of preoperative T lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity in patients with primary HCC,which are closely related to lymph node metastasis.

Objective To analyze changes of preoperative T lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity,and their relationship with pathological characteristics in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A total of 150 patients with primary HCC underwent elective surgical treatment were enrolled as the HCC group,while 150 healthy controls during the same period were enrolled as the control group.Before surgery,the levels of peripheral blood CD3+,CD4+and CD8+were detected by flow cytometry,and CD4+/CD8+was calculated.The levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in peripheral blood were detected by immunoturbidimetry.The pathological characteristics of HCC patients were collected,and the differences of preoperative immune indexes in patients with different pathological characteristics were compared.The receiver operating curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the predictive value of immune indicators for pathological characteristics.Results The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were lower in the HCC group than those in the control group,while levels of CD8+,IgA,IgG and IgM were higher in the HCC group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than those of patients with distant lymph non-metastasis(P＜0.05).The levels of CD8+,IgA,IgG and IgM were higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those of patients without metastasis(P＜0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves showed that area under the curve(AUC)values of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA,IgG,and IgM for predicting lymph node metastasis in HCC patients were 0.810,0.741,0.770,0.707,0.756,0.738 and 0.727.Conclusion There are abnormal changes of preoperative T lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity in patients with primary HCC,which are closely related to lymph node metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the application value of aspiration catheter and debulking technology in the treatment of patients with intermediate-and high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE).Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with intermediate-and high-risk PTE were analyzed retrospectively.All subjects received thrombectomy using a 7F JR Guiding catheter.The success rate of surgery and the incidence of complications were counted,and the preoperative and postoperative values in heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),oxygen saturation(SO2),partial pressure of oxygen(PO2),Miller index,and mean pulmonary arterial pressure(MPAP)were compared.Results All patients were successfully treated,of which 26 cases obtained symptomatic relief after surgery.There were 2 cases of death in high-risk patients,of whom one died of myocardial infarction,and the other died of cerebral herniation after the procedure.One case reported the formation of pulmonary artery small dissection which disappeared within 2 months during conservative observation.The postoperative HR,Miller index,and MPAP decreased and SBP,SO2,and P()2 increased significantly than those of preoperative(P＜0.05).The follow-up period for this group ranged from 7 to 29 months,with a median follow-up of 14.6(7,19)months.During the follow-up period,no recurrences were observed.Conclusion The aspiration catheter and debulking technology demonstrate efficacy in treating intermediate-and high-risk PTE,and is associated with favourable success rates and low complication rates.The findings suggest its potential for wider clinical use.

Homing pigeons and many other animals have exquisite geomagnetic sensing ability and can accurately find appropriate paths and directions during long-distance migration.Homing pigeons are the preferred animal model for studies of biological geomagnetic navigation.Despite substantial progress in research on bio-geomagnetic navigation over the past few decades,the biological mechanism is still unclear.In this paper,we review recent advancements in research on biological magnetoreception using homing pigeons.We focus on the magnetic sensing mechanisms of the magnetoreceptor models based on nanoscale ferromagnetic particles and the light-dependent radical pair model.Key directions for biological magnetoreception research are proposed.This review provides an improved theoretical basis for the study of geomagnetic navigation using homing pigeons as well as insight into the operating principles of the biological magnetic perception system.

This study investigated the prevalence of canine ticks and the types of their carried pathogens in select cities of Liaon-ing Province,to provide a theoretical scientific basis for the prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.Canine ticks were collected from six cities in Liaoning Province(Shenyang,Dalian,Anshan,Chaoyang,Tieling,Dandong)and identified through a combination of morphological and molecular biology methods.PCR was used to detect five tick pathogens:Rickettsia,Borrelia burgdor-feri,Babesia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Ehrlichia.Canine ticks were prevalent primarily in Liaoning Province from April to June.The collected ticks included 456 Haemaphysalis longicornis,70 Ixodes persulcatus,and 31 Rhicephalus sanguineus.Three tick borne pathogens,Ehrlichia,Borrelia burgdorferi,and Rickettsia,were detected,whereas no Babesia or Pseudomonas were detected.The to-tal detection rate of Ehrlichia(46.85%),which is significant difference with total detection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi(10.81%)(χ2=33.392,P<0.05),but insignificant difference with total detection rate of Rickettsia(34.23%)(χ2=3.370,P>0.05),Both Eh-rlichia and Rickettsia were distributed in the six cities.Haemaphysalis longicornis was the dominant tick species parasite on the surfaces of dogs in Liaoning Province.The main tick borne pathogens in dogs in Liaoning Province were Ehrlichia and Rickettsia.

Objective·To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics,gene mutation profile,and prognostic factors of patients with adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods·From March 2002 to December 2022,a total of 105 patients with adrenal DLBCL admitted to Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed for their clinicopathological data,survival outcomes,and prognostic factors.Patients'gene mutation profiles were evaluated by targeted sequencing of 152 lymphoma-related genes.Results·The median age of the patients was 62(15?82)years and the male-to-female ratio was 2.3∶1.Among them,63 patients(60.0%)were over 60 years old,22 patients(21.0%)had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status of two or higher,87 patients(82.9%)were staged Ann Arbor Ⅲ?Ⅳ,92 patients(87.6%)had elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)levels(above the upper limit of reference),84 patients(80.0%)had extranodal invasion in at least two organs,67 patients(63.8%)were of non-germinal center B-cell(non-GCB)origin,and 95 patients(90.5%)had an international prognosis index(IPI)scored over 2.With a median follow-up of 28.3(0.7?191.9)months,the estimated 2-year overall survival(OS)rate and progression-free survival(PFS)rate were 68.3%and 53.1%,respectively.The estimated 5-year OS rate and PFS rate were 52.6%and 44.0%,respectively.Among 93 patients who could be evaluated for clinical outcomes,62(66.7%)got a complete response(CR).Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that age over 60 years was an adverse prognostic factor for PFS,and ECOG performance status of two or higher was an adverse prognostic factor for both OS and PFS.Targeted gene sequencing in 46 adrenal diffuse DLBCL patients showed high mutation frequencies in lysine methyltransferase 2D(KMT2D;n=17,37%),Pim-1 proto-oncogene,serine/threonine kinase(PIM1;n=17,37%),MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor(MYD88;n=15,33%),CD79b molecule(CD79B;n=13,28%),and BTG anti-proliferation factor 2(BTG2;n=10,22%).Conclusion·Age over 60 years is an adverse prognostic factor for PFS,and ECOG performance status of two or higher is an adverse prognostic factor for both OS and PFS in patients with adrenal DLBCL.Patients exhibited high frequencies of KMT2D,PIM1,MYD88,CD79B,and BTG2 mutations,as well as an increased proportion of the MCD-like subtype.

Objective·To investigate the clinicopathologic features,gene mutation profile,and real-world survival prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)with pulmonary involvement.Methods·The clinical data of 110 patients with newly diagnosed,pathologically confirmed DLBCL and pulmonary involvement at Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between August 2003 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Evaluation of the efficacy of treatment,survival analyses,and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in 88 patients who received a first-line regimen based on rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin/epirubicine,vincristine,and prednisone(R-CHOP).A total of 74 patients underwent targeted DNA sequencing of 55 lymphoma-related genes and were evaluated for mutations.Results·Among the 110 patients,72(65.5%)were>60 years old,52(47.3%)were female,92(83.6%)presented with Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ?Ⅳ,20(18.2%)had ECOG scores≥2,75(68.2%)had elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)levels,79(71.8%)had≥2 extranodal involvements,32(31.4%)were classified as germinal center B-cell subtype,22(26.8%)were diagnosed with double expressor lymphoma,and 4(4.6%)with double-hit lymphoma.Among the patients treated with R-CHOP-based first-line regimens,the objective response rate(ORR)was 68.2%,the 5-year progression-free survival(PFS)rate was 43.7%,and the 5-year overall survival(OS)rate was 65.4%.Univariate analysis showed that elevated LDH and ECOG score≥2 were poor prognostic factors for PFS and OS,and mutations in PIM1 and CD79B were poor prognostic factors for PFS among high-frequency mutations.Multivariate analysis showed that elevated LDH was an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS(HR=2.47,95%CI 1.28?4.77)and OS(HR=2.71,95%CI 1.21 ? 6.07).Targeted sequencing results showed that PIM1(25.7%),MYD88(24.3%),TP53(18.9%),CD79B(17.6%),KMT2D(17.6%),and TNFAIP3(16.2%)were the high-frequency mutations with mutation rates over 15%.Conclusion·Elevated LDH is an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS and OS in DLBCL with pulmonary involvement.Mutations in PIM1,MYD88,TP53,CD79B,KMT2D,and TNFAIP3 are frequently observed in this population.

Objective To explore the characteristics and prognosis of follicular lymphoma(FL)with bulky disease under rituximab-based first-line treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 525 FL patients diagnosed between September 2009 and September 2021 who received rituximab as a first-line treat-ment[342 patients received rituximab combined with chemotherapy(R-chemo),183 patients received rituximab plus lenalidomide(R2)].The clinicopathologic characteristics,gene mutations,and prognosis of bulky FL patients were analyzed.Results Compared to non-bulky FL patients,bulky FL patients had a significantly higher proportion of lymph node≥5 sites,≥2 extranodal involvement,bone marrow involvement,elevated LDH,and a higher proportion in the high-risk group of FLIPI1 and FLIPI2.Gene sequencing revealed a significantly higher mutation rate of ZNF608 in bulky FL patients compared to non-bulky FL patients.In patients receiving R-chemo as the first-line treatment,there was no significant difference in progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)between bulky and non-bulky FL patients.However,in patients treated with R2,the PFS and OS of bulky FL patients was significantly shorter.Conclusions Bulky FL patients compared to non-bulky FL patients have a significantly higher proportion of high-risk baseline characteristics.For bulky FL at diagnosis,chemo-free regimens require further exploration on the basis of R2.

Homing pigeons and many other animals have exquisite geomagnetic sensing ability and can accurately find appropriate paths and directions during long-distance migration.Homing pigeons are the preferred animal model for studies of biological geomagnetic navigation.Despite substantial progress in research on bio-geomagnetic navigation over the past few decades,the biological mechanism is still unclear.In this paper,we review recent advancements in research on biological magnetoreception using homing pigeons.We focus on the magnetic sensing mechanisms of the magnetoreceptor models based on nanoscale ferromagnetic particles and the light-dependent radical pair model.Key directions for biological magnetoreception research are proposed.This review provides an improved theoretical basis for the study of geomagnetic navigation using homing pigeons as well as insight into the operating principles of the biological magnetic perception system.

This study investigated the prevalence of canine ticks and the types of their carried pathogens in select cities of Liaon-ing Province,to provide a theoretical scientific basis for the prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.Canine ticks were collected from six cities in Liaoning Province(Shenyang,Dalian,Anshan,Chaoyang,Tieling,Dandong)and identified through a combination of morphological and molecular biology methods.PCR was used to detect five tick pathogens:Rickettsia,Borrelia burgdor-feri,Babesia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Ehrlichia.Canine ticks were prevalent primarily in Liaoning Province from April to June.The collected ticks included 456 Haemaphysalis longicornis,70 Ixodes persulcatus,and 31 Rhicephalus sanguineus.Three tick borne pathogens,Ehrlichia,Borrelia burgdorferi,and Rickettsia,were detected,whereas no Babesia or Pseudomonas were detected.The to-tal detection rate of Ehrlichia(46.85%),which is significant difference with total detection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi(10.81%)(χ2=33.392,P<0.05),but insignificant difference with total detection rate of Rickettsia(34.23%)(χ2=3.370,P>0.05),Both Eh-rlichia and Rickettsia were distributed in the six cities.Haemaphysalis longicornis was the dominant tick species parasite on the surfaces of dogs in Liaoning Province.The main tick borne pathogens in dogs in Liaoning Province were Ehrlichia and Rickettsia.