OBJECTIVE To know about the perception and current status of drug risk management among pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions， providing insights and recommendations for enhancing the drug risk management system in medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted across 28 provinces， cities， and autonomous regions； stratified radom sampling was employed to study the population of medical workers and pharmaceutical professionals in medical institutions nationwide. The survey included information on the survey population， the current status of drug risk management implementation in medical institutions， the cognition， definition and process of drug risk management related concepts， and the content and mode of drug risk management work in medical institutions. Finally， suggestions were collected from various medical institutions on the system construction of drug risk management. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to summarize the obtained data. RESULTS A total of 446 questionnaires were collected in this survey， including 420 valid questionnaires and 26 invalid questionnaires. The questionnaire collection rate was 100%，and the effective rate was 94.17%. 51.19% of the respondents No.2020YFC2009001）。 based their understanding of drug risk management on Management Measures for Adverse Drug Reaction Reports and Monitoring， while 87.38% recognized the need for drug risk management throughout the drug use process. 63.33% of the participants stated that their medical institutions had dedicated positions related to drug risk management， with the highest proportion （72.17%） was in third-grade class A medical institutions. 66.43% reported implementing risk management across all drug use stages. Suggestions for the development of drug risk management systems in medical institutions by the research participants focused on enhancing guiding documents， clarifying concepts， establishing information-sharing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The overall awareness of drug risk management in China’s medical institutions is high， with practices in place across various stages in multiple forms. However， there remains a need to strengthen institutional documents， management regulations， system development， and information-sharing mechanisms to improve collaborative governance， improve drug management levels， and ensure patient safety.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. However, single immunotherapy only works well in a small subset of patients. Combined immunotherapy with antitumor synergism holds considerable potential to boost the therapeutic outcome. Nevertheless, the synergistic, additive or antagonistic antitumor effects of combined immunotherapies have been rarely explored. Herein, we established a novel combined cancer treatment modality by synergizing p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were fabricated by coating M1 macrophage-derived EVs on the surface of the nano-complex cores assembled with siRNA against PAK4 and a photoactivatable polyethyleneimine. The engineered EVs induced potent PAK4 silencing and robust immunogenic phototherapy, thus contributing to effective antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the antitumor synergism of the combined treatment was quantitatively determined by the CompuSyn method. The combination index (CI) and isobologram results confirmed that there was an antitumor synergism for the combined treatment. Furthermore, the dose reduction index (DRI) showed favorable dose reduction, revealing lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility of the engineered EVs. Collectively, the study presents a synergistically potentiated cancer treatment modality by combining PAK4 silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered EVs, which is promising for boosting the therapeutic outcome of cancer immunotherapy.

Objective:To detect the enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit ( EZH2) in glioma patients and analyze its value in disease and prognosis evaluation. Methods:Patients with glioma (glioma group, 90 cases) and patients with benign brain diseases (control group, 45 cases) in Beichen District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects. Methyl-specific PCR was employed to detect the methylation status of the EZH2 gene of the patients in the glioma group (tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue), the control group (brain tissue), and in glioma cell lines (SHG-44, U251, U87, and CRT). The relationship between EZH2 gene unmethylation and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The survival difference between the unmethylated and methylated EZH2 gene in tumor tissue of glioma patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:The unmethylated rate of the EZH2 gene in the tumor tissue of the glioma group (68.9%) is significantly higher than that of the control group (5.6%) and in the normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (4.4%), and the differences are statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The EZH2 gene of glioma cell lines such as SHG-44, U251, U87, and CRT is unmethylated. There are significant differences in the unmethylated rate of the EZH2 gene in the tumor tissue of the glioma group in terms of intracranial hypertension, maximum tumor diameter, tumor number, and WHO grade (all P < 0.05). The unmethylated rate of the EZH2 gene in patients with intracranial hypertension, tumor maximum diameter ≥ 5 cm, multiple and grade Ⅲ + Ⅳ gliomas is significantly higher than that without intracranial hypertension, tumor maximum diameter < 5 cm, single and grade Ⅰ + Ⅱ gliomas, and the difference is statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The median survival time of EZH2 unmethylated patients is (13.45 ± 3.15) months, and the median survival time of EZH2 methylated patients is (19.45 ± 3.56) months. The median survival time of EZH2 methylated patients is significantly higher than that of unmethylated patients (Logrank = 30.084, P < 0.05). Conclusions:EZH2 is hypomethylated in glioma tumor tissue and can be used as a molecular marker for glioma disease and prognosis assessment

Objective:To investigate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) recons-truction combined with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative accurate evaluation of biliary tract neoplasms.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinico-pathological data of 19 patients with biliary tract neoplasms who underwent 3D reconstruction combined with EUS in the Shangdong Provincial Third Hospital from January 2019 to October 2022 were collected. There were 13 males and 6 females, aged 64(range, 35-75)years. All patients underwent preoperative abdominal enhanced computer tomography (CT) thin-slice scan with 3D reconstruction combined with EUS. Some patients further received other endoscopic techniques such as intraductal ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or SpyGlass cholangioscopy to obtain tumor tissues for histopathology evaluation. The surgical implementation protocol was developed based on the results of 3D reconstruction and EUS. Observation indicators: (1) results of 3D reconstruction; (2) results of EUS; (3) comparison between preoperative surgical protocol and actual intraoperative conditions. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and count data were described as absolute numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Results of 3D reconstruction. Results of 3D reconstruction in 19 patients with biliary tract neoplasms showed morphology of the liver, bile ducts, pancreas, blood vessels, and duodenum, including 4 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 14 cases of middle and lower cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The accuracy of 3D reconstruction in 19 patients was 18/19. (2) Results of EUS. All 19 patients underwent preoperative EUS, including 7 cases obtained tumor tissue for histopathology evaluation, with the results indicating abnormal hyperplasia or malignant tumor. The rate of histopathology evaluation was 7/19, with the sensitivity as 7/7. Of 19 patients, results of EUS in 2 cases indicated positive of lymph node metastasis, but results of postoperative histopathology evaluation indicated negative of lymph node metastasis in lymph node specimens. Results of EUS in the rest of 17 cases indicated negative of lymph node metastasis, but results of intraoperative laparoscopic exploration on 1 case indicated extensive intra-abdominal metastasis. (3) Comparison between preoperative surgical protocol and actual intraoperative conditions. Of 19 patients, 18 cases underwent radical resection and 1 case underwent bile duct drainage, with the compliance rate between preoperative surgical protocol and actual intraoperative conditions as 18/19. The volume of intraoperative blood loss in the 18 cases receiving radical resection was 336(range, 50-1500)mL. Two cases had postoperative complications.Conclusion:Results of 3D reconstruction combined with EUS can accurately map the the size, location, extent of bile duct invasion, and adjacent relationships of surrounding tissues of malignant biliary tract neoplasms, for preoperative accurate evaluation and surgical planning.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of excessive inlet view in fluoroscopy-assisted placement of sacroiliac screws.Methods:Included for this prospective study were 47 patients with unstable pelvic fracture who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital between January 2020 and January 2021. There were 30 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 39.4 years (from 25 to 66 years). By the Tile classification, 21 fractures were type B and 26 ones type C. The inlet view and the angle of excessive inlet view were measured before operation. The intraoperative placement of sacroiliac screws was assisted by C-arm fluoroscopy navigation in the excessive inlet view. The positions of sacroiliac screws were verified by CT or O-arm fluoroscopy after operation. The screw placement time, fracture reduction quality, fracture healing time, and pelvic function at the last follow-up were recorded.Results:A total of 67 screws were implanted in the 47 patients, including 56 sacroiliac screws. The insertion time for each screw averaged 19.9 min (from 9 to 31 min); the angle of excessive inlet view averaged 17.38° (from 12.1° to 24.8°). Verification by O-arm fluoroscopy or CT revealed that all sacroiliac screws were located in the sacral canal without dislocation or breaking through the cortical bone. By the postoperative Matta scoring, the reduction was excellent in 22 cases, good in 17, acceptable in 6, and poor in 2, giving an excellent to good rate of 83.0%(39/47). The average follow-up time for the 47 patients was 9.5 months (from 5 to 15 months); fracture healing time averaged 10.5 weeks (from 7 to 16 weeks). By the Mejeed scoring at the last follow-up, the pelvic function was excellent in 26 cases, good in 15 and acceptable in 6, giving an excellent to good rate of 87.2% (41/47).Conclusions:Fluoroscopy in the excessive inlet view is a simple and easy intraoperative technique. It can improve accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement because it allows clear identification of the posterior border of the sacrum and effectively avoids iatrogenic injury to the sacral nerve caused by screws breaking through the bone cortex.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in locally advanced gastric cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after radical gastrectomy, aiming to provide reference for postoperative CRT of locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 171 patients with curatively resected gastric carcinoma who received postoperative CRT in our hospital between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated by Kaplan- Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed by log- rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was conducted by Cox model. Results:The median follow-up duration was 63 months. The follow-up rate was 93.6%. 31.0% and 66.7% of the enrolled patients were classified in pathological stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The acute grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity rates were 8.8% and 9.9%, respectively. In total, 166 patients completed the entire CRT regimen. No toxicity-related death occurred. Regarding patterns of recurrence, 17 patients had locoregional recurrence, 29 had distant metastasis and 12 had peritoneal metastasis. The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 83.7%, 66.3%, and 60.0%, while the 1-, 3-and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 75.5%, 62.7%, and 56.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, pathological T stage, perineural invasion and lymph node ratio (LNR) were found to be the independent predictors of OS.Conclusions:Postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy and chemotherapy are well tolerated, with acceptable toxicities and encouraging locoregional tumor control and long-term survival. LNR can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for OS. Adjuvant CRT should be considered for all patients with a high risk of locoregional recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) manipulation plus horse-riding squat exercise in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and optimize the combining protocol. Methods: Based on a 2×2 factorial design, 120 eligible KOA patients were randomized into a manipulation group (group A1B2), a manipulation plus horse-riding squat group (group A1B1), a sitting knee-adjustment group (group A2B2 group), and a sitting knee-adjustment plus horse-riding squat group (group A2B1), with 30 cases in each group. The intervention was conducted three times a week, lasting for four weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) was taken as the major measure for efficacy evaluation (including three component scores, pain, stiffness, and daily function, and total score). Results: The three component scores (pain, stiffness, and daily function) and the total score of WOMAC showed significant differences after the intervention in the four groups (P<0.05). There were significant inter-group differences in the WOMAC stiffness score amongst the four groups after the intervention (P<0.05). In group A1B1, the step length, stride, walking speed, and knee joint flexion angle changed significantly after treatment (P<0.05). After the intervention, the step length changed significantly in group A1B2 (P<0.05), and the walking speed changed significantly in group A2B1 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the step length, stride, walking speed, or knee joint flexion angle among the four groups (P>0.05). The extensor peak torque at 180 °/s changed significantly in group A1B2 after treatment (P<0.05). Neither the intra-group nor the inter-group comparisons of the four groups revealed significant differences in the other isokinetic muscle strength parameters (P>0.05). The main effect of manipulation showed significant in affecting the WOMAC pain and total scores (P<0.05). The main effect of horse-riding squat exercise showed significant in affecting the WOMAC pain and stiffness scores (P<0.05). Conclusion: The four treatment protocols all can improve the symptoms of KOA, for instance, relieving pain and stiffness, and enhancing daily function. Group A2B1 produces the most eminent effect in relieving joint stiffness. The main effects of both manipulation and horse-riding squat exercise are significant in reducing pain. Besides, the main effect of horse-riding squat exercise is significant in relieving joint stiffness.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of weight-bearing area compression injury of the femoral head on the prognosis of elderly acetabular fractures after open reduction and internal fixation.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 36 elderly patients with acetabular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation during January 2014 to January 2018 were conducted. All patients with compression injury of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head, including 22 males and 14 females with 73.2±6.5 years old (range 60-87 years old), were included. The compression injury of weight-bearing area of the femoral head was not treated. According to the Letournel-Judet classification of acetabular fractures, there were 14 cases with both-column, 12 cases with anterior column and posterior hemitransverse, 4 cases with T type, 4 cases with transverse, and 2 cases with posterior column+ posterior wall. A total of 14 cases were accompanied by acetabular joint surface compression, while 29 cases were accompanied by joint dislocation. The Merle d'Aubigné score was used to evaluate the hip function during follow-up. The Matta classification method was used to evaluate the results of acetabular fracture reduction. The Kellgren-Lawrence classification standard and Ficat-Alert staging method were used to evaluate the traumatic arthritis of the hip and femoral head necrosis, respectively. During the follow-up, the femoral head necrosis with stage III, IV, or traumatic arthritis III, IV, or with indications for joint replacement was defined as surgery failure. CT scans of the pelvis were performed before and at 2-5 days after operation. The compression size of the femoral head on the coronal and axial planes of the CT scan was calculated for the compression volume. The compression severity was divided into small (<1 cm 3), medium (1-2 cm 3) and large (>2 cm 3) according to the volume. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze whether the postoperative measurement of the femoral head compression volume was associated with the risk of surgical failure. Results:All patients were followed up for 34.7±8.9 months (range 25-54 months). There were 7 cases with large compression of femoral head, 14 cases with medium, and 15 cases with small pre-operatively. However, there were 12 cases, 10 cases and 14 cases with large, medium and small at 2-5 days after operation, respectively. Six cases were excellent reduction, 22 cases were good, and 8 cases were poor. Thus, the excellent and good rate was 78% (28/36). At the last follow-up, Merle d'Aubigné score was excellent in 2 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 21 cases. The excellent and good rate was 28% (10/36). There were 20 cases with surgery failure with 56% (20/36) failure rate. There were no statistically significant differences in the patient's age, body mass index, operation duration, blood volume, fracture type, fracture reduction, combined acetabular joint surface compression, and combined joint dislocation between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency distribution of compression volume in the weight-bearing area of the femoral head after surgery (χ 2=22.047, P<0.001). In patients with large, medium, and small-volume compression of the femoral head weight-bearing area, the surgery failure rates were 92%, 80%, and 7%, respectively. The large and medium-volume compression of the femoral head weight-bearing area were independent risk factors for surgical failure. Conclusion:Open reduction and internal fixation can be used to treat elderly patients with acetabular fractures combined with femoral head compression injury. Despite satisfactory reduction for acetabular fractures, the larger volume of femoral head compression affects the clinical outcomes with extremely high rate of surgical failure within 2 years.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the current status of multimodality therapy for resectable gastric cancer, aiming to provide reference for optimizing the multimodality treatment strategy for gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical data of patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing radical gastrectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, preoperative medical comorbidities, pathological features, surgical and perioperative status and clinical efficacy were recorded. The gap between the diagnosis and treatment procedures and the standard guidelines was analyzed. The changes in the multimodality treatment patterns for gastric cancer were understood.Results:A total of 265 patients were included in this study. All patients were divided into two cohorts: early[2008] and late[2013] cohorts. In the early cohort, 127 patients were assigned, and 138 cases in the late cohort. In the early cohort, 67 patients (52.8%) underwent D 2 lymph node dissection, significantly less than 83 patients (60.1%) in the late cohort ( P<0.01). In the early and late cohorts, the proportion of patients with the number of lymph node dissection of ≥15 was 5.5% and 52.8%( P<0.01). The median number of lymph node dissection was increased from 6 to 16. The proportion of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the early and late cohorts was 2.4% and 3.6%( P=0.55). In the early cohort, the proportion of patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 62.6% and 2.4%, significantly higher compared with 58.0% and 8.0% in the late cohort ( P=0.04). In addition, the proportion of patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy in the early cohort was 62.2%( n=79) and 58.0%( n=80) in the late cohort ( P=0.48). Conclusions:Although the level of radical gastrectomy has been continuously improved and standardized in China, which still lags behind the standard D 2 radical gastrectomy in Japan and South Korea. Adjuvant therapies including postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can bring clinical benefits. However, the proportion of patients receiving adjuvant therapy is still low, and the multimodality therapy of gastric cancer should be widely applied.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with low grade glioma (LGG) and evaluate their survival status and quality of life in LGG pediatric patients after postoperative radiotherapy. Methods: Clinical data of 27 LGG children aged≤14 years admitted to Department of Radiation Oncology of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.The quality of life was evaluated by body mass index (BMI), WeeFIM and enrollment situation. Results: The 5-year OS and PFS of 27 pediatric patients were 92% and 87%. BMI was measured in 25 children who were still alive and the results showed that 1 child was slightly emaciated, 3 were overweight and 21 were normal. The total score of WeeFIM was> 108 in 21 cases and< 90 in 4 cases. In terms of social role-playing assessment, 5 cases delayed enrollment for≥ 2 years, 2 cases had good adaptation except the difficulties due to lameness, 7 of them had poor study performance, but had no communication barrier. Conclusions Children with LGG can obtain relatively excellent OS and PFS after postoperative radiotherapy. Part of the children with long-term survival may experience a declined quality of life, which is mainly manifested with a decline in motor and cognitive functions.