BACKGROUND:Gait movements are one of the important characteristics exhibited by athletes during exercise,reflecting their physical condition and athletic ability.In a state of fatigue,athletes may exhibit abnormal gait movements,such as reduced stride and body shaking,which can cause harm to their bodies.OBJECTIVE:To promote technological progress in the field of sports science by applying advanced algorithms and data analysis techniques to the training practice of athletes,so as to further improve the recognition accuracy of gait movements under sports fatigue.METHODS:A gait recognition method for athletes in fatigue state was based on fish swarm algorithm.By utilizing the normalized autocorrelation function and the principle of motion energy distribution,a single cycle gait energy map of athletes was obtained.Singular value decomposition was used to transform the image to highlight visual differences,generating a gait energy map of athletes.A convolutional neural network was used to construct a gait action recognition model,and the parameters of the model were solved using the fish swarm algorithm to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fatigue gait action recognition.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The fish swarm algorithm had a small loss value in gait action recognition,and could accurately and quickly identify the gait actions of athletes,and dynamically monitor their physical fatigue.(2)The research on fatigue gait recognition of athletes based on fish swarm algorithm could effectively identify the gait movements of athletes in fatigue state and achieve accurate capture of subtle gait changes.(3)The system stability of this method is good,which can reduce the volatility of experimental test results and improve recognition efficiency,can more effectively manage sports fatigue and prevent sports injuries.In addition,when the gait characteristics of normal people change significantly,the system can give an early warning,indicating that the individual may be in a state of fatigue and need to rest or adjust the intensity of activity.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic trend of influenza-like illness（ILI）cases，etiological detection results，and the evolution of the hemagglutinin（HA）gene of the predominant strains in Hanzhong City，Shaanxi Province during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons.Methods:ILI sentinel surveillance data and network laboratory test results during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons in Hanzhong City，Shaanxi Province were collected for descriptive analysis. The HA gene sequences of 25 predominant strains were obtained through whole-genome deep sequencing method，and then compared with the vaccine strains recommended by the World Health Organization in the same period to analyze the evolution of the virus.Results:A total of 37 770 cases of ILI were reported in Hanzhong City during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons，and the proportion of total ILI cases（ILI%）was 2.87%（37 770/1 316 009）. The epidemic trend of ILI showed an obvious epidemic peak in winter and spring（from December of the current year to March of the following year）. The specimens with the highest positive rate were of type A（H3N2）（39.12%，365/933），and the predominant epidemic strains in each influenza season alternated among A（H1N1）pdm09（in the 2018-2019 and 2022-2023 influenza seasons），A（H3N2）（in the 2019-2020 and 2023-2024 influenza seasons）and B（Victoria）（in the 2021-2022 influenza season）. The phylogenetic relationship gradually became more distant over time across different influenza seasons. Among them，the epidemic strains of A（H1N1）pdm09 belonged to the 6B.1 clade，and the evolution mainly occurred in the Sa and Sb regions of the HA epitope. Meanwhile，the epidemic strains of A（H3N2）belonged to the 3C clade，and the evolution mainly took place in the A，B and C regions of the HA epitope. The strains of the B（Victoria）lineage belonged to the V1a.3a.2 clade，and the evolution mainly occurred in the 120-loop，150-loop，and 190-helix regions of the HA epitope.Conclusions:The influenza epidemic in Hanzhong City has obvious seasonality，and the amino acids of the epidemic strains have shown a certain degree of variation over the years. In future prevention and control work，influenza surveillance should be continuously strengthened，and the change trend of the predominant circulating strains should be closely monitored.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.Hepatectomy continues to be one of the principal therapeutic modalities for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.The first elective hepatectomy was performed by Langenbuch in 1888 that marked the start of hepatic surgery.With the advances in studies on liver anatomy,in 1957,Goldsmith and colleagues proposed the concept of anatomical hepatectomy.In 1985,Makuuchi introduced the concept of anatomical subsegmentectomy.Over the past century,hepatic resection has evolved through multiple stages,including partial hepatectomy,hemi-hepatectomy,anatomical hepatectomy,anatomical subsegmentectomy and non-anatomical hepatectomy.Unfortunately,the long-term survival rates after hepatectomy of hepatocellular are still less than satisfactory.With recent development of studies on underlying liver diseases,mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis,and the tumor biological features of hepatocellular carcinoma,along with the breakthroughs in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for Hepatocellular carcinoma,the traditional concept of technically focused,anatomy-based hepatectomy is no longer sufficient to meet the demands of modern surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Guided by the concept of scientific hepatectomy that combines local and systemic therapies,hepatectomy for HCC has been entered into a new era of hepatectomy with science.

Space radiation is the most important environmental harmful factor in long-term manned spaceflight and deep space exploration, and it may produce deterministic and stochastic effects on tissues and organs. In-depth research into the biological effects, mechanisms, and protective measures of space radiation is essential and serves as an important foundation for exploring radiation biology and promoting major manned space projects. Firstly, this review introduces the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of space radiation during low-earth orbit flights, manned lunar landings, and deep space exploration missions, as well as the health risks and challenges it posed to astronauts. Then, it discusses medical requirements and exposure limits, risk assessment, and protection technologies included in the space radiation protection system established internationally and over 30 years of Chinese manned spaceflight departments. Finally, it outlines the subsequent work and prospects for further research.

Objective·To observe the impact of hip synovitis on the long-term outcomes of free vascularized fibular grafting(FVFG)for osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH).Methods·Between October 2001 and December 2013,370 patients diagnosed with ONFH(556 hips)underwent FVFG.Preoperative synovitis was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and quantified with the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System(HIMRISS).Patients were divided into no synovitis group,moderate synovitis group,and severe synovitis group.Harris hip scores and the incidence of total hip arthroplasty were collected with an average follow-up duration of 90.5 months(range:5-215 months).Hip survival failure(defined as a Harris hip score lower than 80 at the final follow-up or the occurrence of total hip arthroplasty)was calculated.Multivariable Cox regression analysis was adopted to compare the influence of different degrees of synovial inflammation on long-term prognosis.Results·The proportion of hip survival failure was 28.0％in patients without synovitis and 28.5％in those with moderate synovitis,whereas it was significantly higher(60.4％)in patients with severe synovitis.The results of multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that severe synovitis was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis(HR 2.06,95％CI 1.21-3.53)after adjusting for age,gender,education level,marital status,ONFH type,affected side of ONFH,smoking history,baseline Harris hip score and other hip MRI-based covariates(collapse,bone marrow edema,and degeneration).Conclusion·Severe synovitis in patients with ONFH significantly increases the failure rate of hip preservation after FVFG,and the severity of synovitis should be considered in surgical decision-making.

Space radiation is the most important environmental harmful factor in long-term manned spaceflight and deep space exploration, and it may produce deterministic and stochastic effects on tissues and organs. In-depth research into the biological effects, mechanisms, and protective measures of space radiation is essential and serves as an important foundation for exploring radiation biology and promoting major manned space projects. Firstly, this review introduces the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of space radiation during low-earth orbit flights, manned lunar landings, and deep space exploration missions, as well as the health risks and challenges it posed to astronauts. Then, it discusses medical requirements and exposure limits, risk assessment, and protection technologies included in the space radiation protection system established internationally and over 30 years of Chinese manned spaceflight departments. Finally, it outlines the subsequent work and prospects for further research.

BACKGROUND:Gait movements are one of the important characteristics exhibited by athletes during exercise,reflecting their physical condition and athletic ability.In a state of fatigue,athletes may exhibit abnormal gait movements,such as reduced stride and body shaking,which can cause harm to their bodies.OBJECTIVE:To promote technological progress in the field of sports science by applying advanced algorithms and data analysis techniques to the training practice of athletes,so as to further improve the recognition accuracy of gait movements under sports fatigue.METHODS:A gait recognition method for athletes in fatigue state was based on fish swarm algorithm.By utilizing the normalized autocorrelation function and the principle of motion energy distribution,a single cycle gait energy map of athletes was obtained.Singular value decomposition was used to transform the image to highlight visual differences,generating a gait energy map of athletes.A convolutional neural network was used to construct a gait action recognition model,and the parameters of the model were solved using the fish swarm algorithm to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fatigue gait action recognition.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The fish swarm algorithm had a small loss value in gait action recognition,and could accurately and quickly identify the gait actions of athletes,and dynamically monitor their physical fatigue.(2)The research on fatigue gait recognition of athletes based on fish swarm algorithm could effectively identify the gait movements of athletes in fatigue state and achieve accurate capture of subtle gait changes.(3)The system stability of this method is good,which can reduce the volatility of experimental test results and improve recognition efficiency,can more effectively manage sports fatigue and prevent sports injuries.In addition,when the gait characteristics of normal people change significantly,the system can give an early warning,indicating that the individual may be in a state of fatigue and need to rest or adjust the intensity of activity.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.Hepatectomy continues to be one of the principal therapeutic modalities for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.The first elective hepatectomy was performed by Langenbuch in 1888 that marked the start of hepatic surgery.With the advances in studies on liver anatomy,in 1957,Goldsmith and colleagues proposed the concept of anatomical hepatectomy.In 1985,Makuuchi introduced the concept of anatomical subsegmentectomy.Over the past century,hepatic resection has evolved through multiple stages,including partial hepatectomy,hemi-hepatectomy,anatomical hepatectomy,anatomical subsegmentectomy and non-anatomical hepatectomy.Unfortunately,the long-term survival rates after hepatectomy of hepatocellular are still less than satisfactory.With recent development of studies on underlying liver diseases,mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis,and the tumor biological features of hepatocellular carcinoma,along with the breakthroughs in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for Hepatocellular carcinoma,the traditional concept of technically focused,anatomy-based hepatectomy is no longer sufficient to meet the demands of modern surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Guided by the concept of scientific hepatectomy that combines local and systemic therapies,hepatectomy for HCC has been entered into a new era of hepatectomy with science.

Objective·To observe the impact of hip synovitis on the long-term outcomes of free vascularized fibular grafting(FVFG)for osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH).Methods·Between October 2001 and December 2013,370 patients diagnosed with ONFH(556 hips)underwent FVFG.Preoperative synovitis was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and quantified with the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System(HIMRISS).Patients were divided into no synovitis group,moderate synovitis group,and severe synovitis group.Harris hip scores and the incidence of total hip arthroplasty were collected with an average follow-up duration of 90.5 months(range:5-215 months).Hip survival failure(defined as a Harris hip score lower than 80 at the final follow-up or the occurrence of total hip arthroplasty)was calculated.Multivariable Cox regression analysis was adopted to compare the influence of different degrees of synovial inflammation on long-term prognosis.Results·The proportion of hip survival failure was 28.0％in patients without synovitis and 28.5％in those with moderate synovitis,whereas it was significantly higher(60.4％)in patients with severe synovitis.The results of multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that severe synovitis was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis(HR 2.06,95％CI 1.21-3.53)after adjusting for age,gender,education level,marital status,ONFH type,affected side of ONFH,smoking history,baseline Harris hip score and other hip MRI-based covariates(collapse,bone marrow edema,and degeneration).Conclusion·Severe synovitis in patients with ONFH significantly increases the failure rate of hip preservation after FVFG,and the severity of synovitis should be considered in surgical decision-making.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic trend of influenza-like illness（ILI）cases，etiological detection results，and the evolution of the hemagglutinin（HA）gene of the predominant strains in Hanzhong City，Shaanxi Province during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons.Methods:ILI sentinel surveillance data and network laboratory test results during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons in Hanzhong City，Shaanxi Province were collected for descriptive analysis. The HA gene sequences of 25 predominant strains were obtained through whole-genome deep sequencing method，and then compared with the vaccine strains recommended by the World Health Organization in the same period to analyze the evolution of the virus.Results:A total of 37 770 cases of ILI were reported in Hanzhong City during the 2018-2024 influenza seasons，and the proportion of total ILI cases（ILI%）was 2.87%（37 770/1 316 009）. The epidemic trend of ILI showed an obvious epidemic peak in winter and spring（from December of the current year to March of the following year）. The specimens with the highest positive rate were of type A（H3N2）（39.12%，365/933），and the predominant epidemic strains in each influenza season alternated among A（H1N1）pdm09（in the 2018-2019 and 2022-2023 influenza seasons），A（H3N2）（in the 2019-2020 and 2023-2024 influenza seasons）and B（Victoria）（in the 2021-2022 influenza season）. The phylogenetic relationship gradually became more distant over time across different influenza seasons. Among them，the epidemic strains of A（H1N1）pdm09 belonged to the 6B.1 clade，and the evolution mainly occurred in the Sa and Sb regions of the HA epitope. Meanwhile，the epidemic strains of A（H3N2）belonged to the 3C clade，and the evolution mainly took place in the A，B and C regions of the HA epitope. The strains of the B（Victoria）lineage belonged to the V1a.3a.2 clade，and the evolution mainly occurred in the 120-loop，150-loop，and 190-helix regions of the HA epitope.Conclusions:The influenza epidemic in Hanzhong City has obvious seasonality，and the amino acids of the epidemic strains have shown a certain degree of variation over the years. In future prevention and control work，influenza surveillance should be continuously strengthened，and the change trend of the predominant circulating strains should be closely monitored.