Objective: To understand the allocation and use of safety seats for preschool children and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the usage of safety seats. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 143 parents of preschool children aged 3 to 6 from six kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing from January 3 to 10, 2022. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and evaluate the equipment and use of child safety seats in different characteristics of preschool children, as well as their scores of health beliefs. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis was used to investigated the related factors of safety seat configuration and use. Results: The equipping rate and usage rate of safety seats for preschool children were 66.56% and 58.45%, respectively. The proportion of equipped and used safety seats for preschool children in core families (69.52%, 62.23%) were higher than that in large families (64.35%, 55.62%), only child families ( 72.39 %, 64.87%) were higher than non only child families (61.49%, 52.86%), and urban families (71.63%, 63.04%) were higher than rural families (52.31%, 45.51%) ( χ 2=9.23, 13.86; 41.72, 46.44; 101.96 ,76.97,all P <0.05) . As the educational level of parents ( χ 2 trend =154.23,98.76) and annual income of the family ( χ 2 trend =155.78,127.69) rised, the reporting rates of the equipped and used child safety seats in the family also increased(all P <0.05 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different dimensions of health beliefs for the provision ( t =-20.22-18.16) and use ( t =24.32-24.17) of safety seats for preschool children(all P <0.05). After adjusting for child sex, child age, family annual income, parental education level, family type, whether the child was an only child, and place of residence，multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preschool children with higher perceived susceptibility score( OR =1.11, 1.08), higher self efficacy score( OR =1.23, 1.33), and higher suggestive factors score( OR =1.08, 1.12) were more likely to have and use safety seats in their families, while preschool children with higher perceived impairments score( OR =0.82, 0.80) were less likely to have and use safety seats in their families (all P <0.05). Conclusions The installation rate of child safety seats needs to be improved, and there is also a certain gap in their use after installation. Parents of preschool children should improve susceptibility and self efficacy to safety seat equipment and use, and perceptual barriers should be reduced.

With the accelerating trend of population aging, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer continues to rise, and the disease burden is becoming increasingly heavy. The clinical management of these patients faces severe challenges due to their decreased physiological reserve, complex comorbidities, and significant individual heterogeneity. Consequently, under traditional diagnosis and treatment models, doctors often struggle to identify the individualized risks of elderly patients in a timely and comprehensive manner, which can easily lead to decision biases such as undertreatment or overtreatment. In view of this, this study advocates for the establishment of an umbrella decision-making model specifically tailored for elderly lung cancer patients. Grounded in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) platform, this model deeply integrates oncological indicators with the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) system. By holistically considering multidimensional variables including tumor burden, organ function, frailty index, cognitive status, and social support, the model establishes an operational mechanism characterized by "single entry, precise stratification, and targeted selection". Accordingly, patients can be scientifically triaged into distinct intervention tiers, such as active surveillance, minimally invasive surgery, drug therapy, radiotherapy, and best supportive care, thereby achieving real-time alignment between treatment intensity and patient fitness. This article elaborates on the construction logic and key operational procedures of this novel decision-making framework, aiming to guide clinical practice beyond the limitations of a tumor-centric perspective toward a holistic, dynamic, whole-course management strategy. This transition seeks to ensure optimal quality of life and clinical net benefit for elderly patients alongside survival prolongation.

Objective: To understand the current status and related factors of oral health behavior in preschool children, so as to provide scientific basis for improving parents oral health care abilities. Methods: From March 5 to 12, 2024, using a stratified cluster sampling method, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 1 381 preschool children aged 3-6 from 6 selected kindergartens of a district in Beijing. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to analyze the factors associated with preschool children s oral health behaviors. Results: The rates of parental assistance in brushing teeth, regular oral examination, and postprandial rinsing were 44.4%, 18.6% and 23.6%, respectively. Attitude, subjective norms were positively correlated with oral health behavior intention ( r =0.61, 0.55); attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were positively correlated with oral health behavior ( r =0.14, 0.13, 0.16) (all P < 0.01 ). The results of the SEM showed that attitude and subjective norms had a significant direct effect on oral health behavior intention ( β = 0.42 , 0.40), and the direct effect of perceived behavioral control on oral health behavior was statistically significant ( β =0.42) (all P <0.01). Conclusions The overall level of oral health behavior among preschool children needs to be improved. Perceived behavioral control is the most direct positive related factor of oral health behavior. In the future, intervention measures should focus on perceived behavioral control as the entry point and provide systematic intervention guidance in combination with planned behavior theory.

Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

AIM To establish the quantitative models for gallic acid,mononucleoside,loganin,resveratrol,and rhein in Yishen Xiezhuo Mixture.METHODS HPLC was adopted in the content determination of various effective components,after which the near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 128 batches of samples and pretreatment was conducted,competitive adaptive reweighting sampling(CARS)algorithm was used for screening wavelength,partial least square method(PLS)regression analysis was performed.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the predicted values obtained by PLS models and measured values obtained by HPLC for various effective components(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The quantitative models established by NIRS combined with chemometrics display good predictive performance,which can be used for the rapid determination of effective components in Yishen Xiezhuo Mixture,and provide a reference for the rapid monitoring of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations in production processes.

Objective The study aimedto investigate the effects and metabolic mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD)containing serum on hypoxia-induced glucose metabolism in L02 cells.Methods The effects of five hypoxia durations(6,12,18,24,and 48 hours)on glucose consumption and cell viability of L02 cells were examined under hypoxic conditions to determine the optimal hypoxia time.Normal hepatocytes served as the normal control group.L02 cells with hypoxia-induced reduction in glucose consumption were divided into several groups:hypoxia group,metformin 2 mmol/L group,and 25 g/kg GQD groups treated with 5%,10%,and 15%GQD contain-ing serum.Glucose consumption was used as an indicator of drug efficacy.High-resolution liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was employed to collect metabolite signals from each group.Data were analyzed by using Progenesis QI software,and potential biomarkers were identified through online databases such as HMDB.Finally,metabolic pathways of potential biomarkers were analyzed via the Metabo Analyst 5.0 website.Results An 18 hour hypoxia period was identified as the optimal duration for the replication of the hypoxia-induced L02 cell model.GQD containing serums at 5%and 10%significantly increased glucose consumption in hypoxia-induced L02 cells after 18 hours.14 biomarkers of hypoxia-induced L02 cells were identified,with the levels of 13 biomarkers significantly increased and 1 biomarker significantly decreased.GQD containing serum notably regulated the levels of 3 biomarkers.Conclusion GQD containing serum might improve hypoxia-induced abnormal glucose metabolism in L02 cells and enhance glucose consumption by modulating glycero-phospholipid metabolism,glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis,and sphingolipid metabolism.

Objective To conduct a retrospective analysis of the correlation among bedaquiline(BDQ)plasma concentrations,relevant clinical factors,and disease prognosis.Methods In this retrospective study,22 patients diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis(RR-TB),multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB),or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(pre-XDR-TB)were enrolled.These patients were admitted to the tuberculosis ward of our hospital between February 2022 and October 2024.All patients were administered a treatment regimen containing BDQ.The cohort comprised 6 RR-TB patients(27.27%),12 MDR-TB patients(54.55%),and 4 pre-XDR-TB patients(18.18%).Peripheral blood samples were collected 2 hours after the oral administration of Bedaquiline.The plasma concentration of Bedaquiline was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Spearman correlation analysis was performed using R studio software with the ggplot2 and corrplot packages.The factors included the blood concentration of bedaquiline,electrocardiogram QTcF(QT interval corrected by the Fridericia method),liver and kidney function parameters,weight,age,body mass index,sex,blood uric acid level,serum creatinine level,and other relevant indicators.Results In 22 patients treated with BDQ,the plasma concentration reached a peak after 1.5 weeks of administration,and gradually stabilized after 2 weeks.The plasma concentration was approximately 1-3 μg/mL.After 24 weeks of withdrawal of bedaquiline,patients were continued to monitor their bedaquiline concentration and found that BDQ blood concentration in peripheral blood was approximate 1 μg/mL up to 36 weeks.The serum concentration of BDQ was not correlated with age,body weight,BMI,ALT,AST,GGT,TDiL,urea,uric acid and QT interval,but correlated with sputum negative transformation and serum creatinine.The correlation analysis between serum concentration of BDQ and acid-fast staining of sputum smear showed,the difference was significant(r=0.35,P<0.05).In addition,the correlation analysis between serum BDQ concentration and serum creatinine showed,the difference was significant(r=0.34,P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BDQ blood concentration was positively correlated with Scr level,and Scr was an independent factor affecting BDQ blood concentration.20 cases(90.9%,20/22)were cured,1 case died of Covid-19 virus infection,1 case was recurrence.Conclusions Regimens containing bedaquiline seem to exhibit relatively high safety profiles and good tolerability among patients with rifampicin-resistant,multidrug-resistant,or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,typically yielding favorable treatment outcomes.The BDQ shows a positive correlation with serum creatinine(SCr).Consequently,close surveillance of BDQ levels and renal function remains of utmost importance throughout the treatment course.

Objective The study aimedto investigate the effects and metabolic mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD)containing serum on hypoxia-induced glucose metabolism in L02 cells.Methods The effects of five hypoxia durations(6,12,18,24,and 48 hours)on glucose consumption and cell viability of L02 cells were examined under hypoxic conditions to determine the optimal hypoxia time.Normal hepatocytes served as the normal control group.L02 cells with hypoxia-induced reduction in glucose consumption were divided into several groups:hypoxia group,metformin 2 mmol/L group,and 25 g/kg GQD groups treated with 5%,10%,and 15%GQD contain-ing serum.Glucose consumption was used as an indicator of drug efficacy.High-resolution liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was employed to collect metabolite signals from each group.Data were analyzed by using Progenesis QI software,and potential biomarkers were identified through online databases such as HMDB.Finally,metabolic pathways of potential biomarkers were analyzed via the Metabo Analyst 5.0 website.Results An 18 hour hypoxia period was identified as the optimal duration for the replication of the hypoxia-induced L02 cell model.GQD containing serums at 5%and 10%significantly increased glucose consumption in hypoxia-induced L02 cells after 18 hours.14 biomarkers of hypoxia-induced L02 cells were identified,with the levels of 13 biomarkers significantly increased and 1 biomarker significantly decreased.GQD containing serum notably regulated the levels of 3 biomarkers.Conclusion GQD containing serum might improve hypoxia-induced abnormal glucose metabolism in L02 cells and enhance glucose consumption by modulating glycero-phospholipid metabolism,glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis,and sphingolipid metabolism.

Objective To predict the hospitalization expense of pneumonia patients using the CatBoost and LightGBM models and explore associated influencing factors,providing a scientific basis for reasonable control of medical expenses and alle-viating the financial burden on society and patients'families.Methods Data from 1407 inpatients with pneumonia admitted to a tertiary hospital between November 1,2021 and January 31,2023 were collected from the hospital information system.The Cat-Boost and LightGBM models were employed to predict the hospitalization expenses of pneumonia patients and analyze the influen-cing factors.Results The full-variable CatBoost model fitted better than the full-variable LightGBM model,with the R-square value of 0.859 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 0.352.The full-variable CatBoost model predicted better than the full-variable LightGBM model,with the R-square value of 0.820 and MAPE of 0.363.Notably,the average length of stay was the most important factor affecting the hospitalization expenses of pneumonia patients.Conclusion Compared to the LightGBM model,the CatBoost model indicated more advantages and higher accuracy in predicting hospitalization expenses for pneumonia patients.These accurate predictions of hospitalization expenses can provide decision-making references for hospital administra-tors.Therefore,on the premise of ensuring medical quality,reasonably reducing the length of hospitalization can effectively con-trol the increase in hospitalization expenses.