N-glycosylation is a crucial posttranslational modification of proteins that can modulate their functions and plays key roles in various biological processes. Current research has revealed that alterations in protein N-glycosylation are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of multiple ocular diseases. N-glycosylation detection methods can identify changes in N-glycans on proteins; therefore, understanding these techniques and their application value in ocular diseases is important. This article provides a systematic review of the current state of N-glycosylation detection methods, including techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. It also offers a detailed discussion on the specific applications of these technologies in the study of various ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and vernal keratoconjunctivitis/atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

BACKGROUND:At present,the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is still unclear,and there is a lack of effective means to control the disease.Research on osteoarthritis is mostly concentrated in the field of immunity,and there are few studies in the field of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE:To explore the roles of oxidative stress and immune infiltration in osteoarthritis and to predict related miRNAs and therapeutic agents. METHODS:The GSE55235 dataset(10 samples of osteoarthritis and 10 healthy control samples)and the GSE55457 dataset(10 samples of osteoarthritis and 10 healthy control samples)were obtained from the GEO database for merging to obtain their differentially expressed genes that were combined with oxidative stress genes to get the differentially expressed genes of oxidative stress.The differentially expressed genes of oxidative stress were analyzed for KEGG and GO enrichment,and the osteoarthritis pathways and biological processes were evaluated using GSEA enrichment analysis.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING online website and Cytoscape software,and the Degree algorithm was run to get the key genes.The GSE1919 dataset was obtained from the GEO database as a validation dataset,and the key genes were analyzed by variance analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to get the core genes.In addition,immune infiltration was evaluated by CIBERSORT and the correlation between core genes and immune cells was explored.miRNA prediction of core genes was performed using TargetScan and target drugs were predicted using the DSigDB database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sixty-five differentially expressed genes and five core genes(IL1B,CXCL8,MYC,NFKBIA,JUN)associated with oxidative stress were identified.Enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes associated with oxidative stress were concentrated in the pathways of oxidative stress,interleukin-17,osteoclast differentiation,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the five core genes exceeded 0.85,indicating their excellent specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing bone and joint conditions,as well as their close association with immune cells.The predicted miRNA was has-miR-3937,and the therapeutic small-molecule drugs were metformin,ionomycin and celecoxib.To conclude,oxidative stress and immune infiltration exist in osteoarthritis,and immune infiltration is involved in activating oxidative stress.The core genes and predicted miRNAs can be used as novel markers for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis,and small molecule drugs are predicted to treat osteoarthritis.

Objective:To analyze the influence factors of urinary tract infection after transurethral bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate (TUPEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), and the early predictive value of serum inflammatory indicators for postoperative urinary tract infection.Methods:A total of 300 patients with BPH who received TUPEP treatment in the Department of Urology, Kailuan General Hospital from January 2021 to August 2023 were selected, according to whether they had urinary tract infections after the operation, they were divided into infection group ( n=117) and non-infection group ( n=183). The clinical data of the two groups were collected, and the serum inflammatory indexes of the two groups were recorded within 24 hours after the operation, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil granulocyte (NE%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), heparin-binding protein (HBP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and serum ferritin (SF). The differences of clinical data and serum inflammatory indexes between the two groups were analyzed. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparisons. The measurement data of non- normal distribution were represented by median (interquartile range) [ M ( Q1, Q3)], and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparison. The count data were expressed as cases and percentage, and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the Chi-test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explored the influencing factors of urinary tract infections in BPH patients after TUPEP surgery. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 medical plotting softwar to evaluate the predictive value of serum inflammatory markers and combined detection of multiple markers for early postoperative urinary tract infections. Results:The duration of disease, history of diabetes, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate volume, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, preoperative urine residual volume, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheter indwelling time, and hospitalization time in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group ( P<0.05). The preoperative 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level and maximum urinary flow rate were lower in the infection group than those in the non- infection group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of the disease, history of diabetes, IPSS score, prostate volume, preoperative PSA level, preoperative urine residual volume, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheter indwelling time was positively correlated with urinary tract infection after TUPEP ( B=0.660, 0.242, 0.164, 0.125, 0.230, 0.066, 0.382, 0.022, 0.436, P<0.01), and preoperative 25OHD level and preoperative maximum urinary flow rate were negatively correlated with urinary tract infection after TUPEP ( B=-0.216, -0.372, P<0.01). The levels of hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group ( P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF in early predicting urinary tract infection after TUPEP in BPH patients were 0.697, 0.775, 0.902, 0.873, 0.884, 0.904, 0.917, 0.823, 0.906, 0.852, 0.807, 0.787. The AUC of the combined detection of multiple serum inflammatory markers was 0.972, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.18% and 96.63%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of multiple serum inflammatory markers were higher than those of separate detection. Conclusion:The course of BPH, whether to combine history of diabetes, preoperative IPSS score, prostate volume, preoperative PSA level, preoperative 25OHD level, preoperative maximum urinary flow rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative catheter indwelling time are influencing factors of urinary tract infection after TUPEP, hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF had certain value in the early prediction of urinary tract infection after TUPEP in patients with BPH, the combination of multiple indicators can improve the predictive value of early urinary tract infection.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with Tirofiban in alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Ninety-two patients with acute STEMI of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome who were admitted to the Chest Pain Center of Shunde Hospital,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between March 2023 and October 2023 were equally randomized into a control group and a treatment group using a random number table,with 46 cases in each group.The control group received intracoronary loading dose of Tirofiban during PCI combined with postoperative intravenous micro-pump injection of Tirofiban,while the trial group additionally received Compound Danshen Dripping Pills orally,the treatment course lasted for 4 weeks.Before treatment or immediately after surgery and after 4 weeks of treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,cardiac function parameters[including left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),cardiac output(CO),and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)],and levels of inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein(CRP)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),as well as safety indicators such as liver and kidney function and coagulation parameters in both groups.The peak values of myocardial necrosis markers of creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and troponin I(cTnI)and other myocardial enzyme profiles between the two groups were compared.After treatment,the TCM syndrome efficacy of improvement,the therapeutic effect on improving ST-segment resolution(STR)of electrocardiogram,and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in both groups were assessed.Results(1)There were 3 patients dropping out during the trial,with a final total of 89 cases included in the efficacy analysis(44 cases in the control group and 45 cases in the trial group).(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the trial group was 95.56%(43/45)and that in the control group was 79.55%(35/44).Intergroup comparison by chi-square test showed that TCM syndrome efficacy in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate for improving STR in the trial group was 93.33%(42/45)and that in the control group was 75.00%(33/44).Intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)demonstrated that the trial group had significantly stronger STR improvement efficacy than the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After 4 weeks of treatment,the serum levels of CRP and BNP in both groups were lower than those immediately after surgery(P＜0.05),and the trial group exhibited significantly greater reductions in both CRP and BNP levels than the control group(P＜0.01).(5)The peak values of myocardial necrosis markers of CK-MB and cTnI in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(6)After 4 weeks of treatment,the trial group showed significant improvements in LVEF and CO compared to immediate postoperative values(P＜0.05),while LVEDD demonstrated an improving trend without statistical significance(P＞0.05).The control group showed no significant improvements in LVEF,CO,or LVEDD(P＞0.05).The intergroup comparison revealed that the trial group had significantly better improvements in LVEF and CO than the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(7)After 4 weeks of treatment,both groups showed reductions in the scores of chest pain,chest tightness,palpitations,emotional depression,hypochondriac distension,and dull complexion,as well as the total syndrome scores when compared to pretreatment values(P＜0.05),and the trial group presented significantly greater reductions than the control group(P＜0.05).(8)No statistically significant differences were shown in the parameters of liver/kidney function or coagulation between the two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).(9)The incidence of postoperative adverse cardiovascular events in the control group was 13.64%(6/44)and that in the trial group was 6.67%(3/45),and the intergroup comparison(tested by Fisher's exact test)showed no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination therapy of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Tirofiban demonstrates significant efficacy in improving TCM syndromes,ST-segment elevation,myocardial necrosis markers,and cardiac function in STEMI patients after PCI,with good safety.

BACKGROUND: Huaier granule is an important medicinal fungus extract widely used in cancer treatment. Previous retrospective studies have reported its effectiveness in breast cancer patients, but the imbalanced baseline characteristics of participants could have biased the results. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to examine the efficacy of Huaier granule on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. METHODS: In this single-center cohort study, breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between 2009 and 2017 were selected. The data were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to whether the patients received Huaier granules. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to eliminate selection bias. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for these groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression. RESULTS: This study included 214 early invasive breast cancer patients, 107 in the Huaier group and 107 in the control group. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 2-year and 5-year DFS rates were significantly different in the Huaier group and control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.495; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.257-0.953; P = 0.023). The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were also significantly different (HR, 0.308; 95% CI, 0.148-0.644; P = 0.001). On multivariable Cox regression, Huaier granule was associated with improved DFS (HR, 0.440; 95% CI, 0.223-0.868; P = 0.018) and OS (HR, 0.236; 95% CI, 0.103-0.540; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, Huaier granules improved the DFS and OS of early invasive breast cancer patients, providing real-world evidence for further prospective studies on treating breast cancer with Huaier granules.
Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Propensity Score ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Trametes

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subsequent radiotherapy (RT) following first-line treatment with durvalumab plus chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). METHODS: A total of 122 patients with ES-SCLC from three hospitals during July 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed to address potential confounding factors. The primary focus of our evaluation was to assess the impact of RT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: After IPTW analysis, 49 patients received durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) chemotherapy followed by RT (Durva + EP + RT) and 72 patients received immunochemotherapy (Durva + EP). The median OS was 17.2 months vs . 12.3 months (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-0.85, P = 0.020), and the median PFS was 8.9 months vs . 5.9 months (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97, P = 0.030) in Durva + EP + RT and Durva + EP groups, respectively. Thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) resulted in longer OS (17.2 months vs . 14.7 months) and PFS (9.1 months vs . 7.2 months) compared to RT directed to other metastatic sites. Among patients with oligo-metastasis, RT also showed significant benefits, with a median OS of 17.4 months vs . 13.7 months and median PFS of 9.8 months vs . 5.9 months compared to no RT. Continuous durvalumab treatment beyond progression (TBP) prolonged OS compared to patients without TBP, in both the Durva + EP + RT (NA vs . 15.8 months, HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14-1.63, P = 0.238) and Durva + EP groups (12.3 months vs . 4.3 months, HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.81, P = 0.018). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 13 (26.5%) and 13 (18.1%) patients, respectively, in the two groups; pneumonitis was mostly low-grade. CONCLUSION Addition of RT after first-line immunochemotherapy significantly improved survival outcomes with manageable toxicity in ES-SCLC.
Humans ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Adult ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Aged, 80 and over

BACKGROUND: Circadian syndrome (CircS) may be closely linked to lifestyle, psychological, and occupational factors, but evidence is lacking. This study aimed to explore complex associations between lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS among employed people in southwestern China. METHODS: In this study, network analysis was used to identify complex associations between lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS in employed people from the Chinese Cohort of Working Adults (CCWA). The centrality of each variable was estimated by strength centrality index, which was calculated by the sum of edge weights connected to the variable. Bridge in the network was identified as the variables in the top 80 th percentile of overall bridge strength, which was defined as the most strongly connected variables across lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS. The differences were assessed in network structures between subgroups divided by the median score of the variable with the strongest bridge strengthen. RESULTS: Among 31,105 participants from CCWA, 5213 (16.76%) had CircS. In the constructed network, anxiety (edge weights: 0.28), smoking (edge weights: 0.15), drinking (edge weights: 0.10), perceived noise at work (edge weights: 0.08), and implicit health attitude (edge weights: -0.02) were directly related to CircS, with 83.31% of the variance for CircS explained by these neighboring factors. Anxiety was the most central variable (strength centrality: 1.20) in the network and the strongest bridge (bridge strength: 0.84) connecting all domains of variables. A stronger association between anxiety and CircS was observed in the network of participants with more severe anxiety (edge weight: 0.23) than those with less severe anxiety (edge weight: 0.03). CONCLUSION Anxiety had the strongest association with CircS and was the central factor with the highest strength centrality, also the bridge with the highest bridge strength in the network.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; China ; Middle Aged ; Life Style ; Chronobiology Disorders/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamic changes of glucocorticoid (GC) dose and the feasibility of GC discontinuation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients under the background of Chinese medicine (CM). METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 1,196 RA patients enrolled in the China Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry of Patients with Chinese Medicine (CERTAIN) from September 1, 2019 to December 4, 2023, who initiated GC therapy. Participants were divided into the Western medicine (WM) and integrative medicine (IM, combination of CM and WM) groups based on medication regimen. Follow-up was performed at least every 3 months to assess dynamic changes in GC dose. Changes in GC dose were analyzed by generalized estimator equation, the probability of GC discontinuation was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve, and predictors of GC discontinuation were analyzed by Cox regression. Patients with <12 months of follow-up were excluded for the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Among 1,196 patients (85.4% female; median age 56.4 years), 880 (73.6%) received IM. Over a median 12-month follow-up, 34.3% (410 cases) discontinued GC, with significantly higher rates in the IM group (40.8% vs. 16.1% in WM; P<0.05). GC dose declined progressively, with IM patients demonstrating faster reductions (median 3.75 mg vs. 5.00 mg in WM at 12 months; P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis identified age <60 years [P<0.001, hazard ratios (HR)=2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.523-3.012], IM therapy (P=0.001, HR=2.175, 95% CI: 1.369-3.456), baseline GC dose ⩽7.5 mg (P=0.003, HR=1.637, 95% CI: 1.177-2.275), and absence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (P=0.001, HR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.432-4.527) as significant predictors of GC discontinuation. Sensitivity analysis (545 cases) confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS RA patients receiving CM face difficulties in following guideline-recommended GC discontinuation protocols. IM can promote GC discontinuation and is a promising strategy to reduce GC dependency in RA management. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT05219214).
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Retrospective Studies