AIM:To explore the effect and mecha-nism of ethanol extract of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels(EEA)on cell proliferation and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells.METHODS:Cell viability was analyzed by MTT method.Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.The invert-ed microscope was used to observe the changes of cell growth confluence and morphology.Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the changes of cell mi-tochondrial structure.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression levels of cell cycle,apoptosis,mitochondrial biogenesis,and mitochondrial dy-namics-related proteins.RESULTS:Compared with the blank control group,the cell viability of B16-F10 melanoma cells was reduced after EEA(10-400μg/mL)treatment for 24 h and 48 h,respectively(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The decreased cell growth conflu-ence,morphological changes such as shrinkage,rounding,and reduction in the volume,and apop-totic morphologic changes such as chromatin con-densation were observed after EEA(100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.The number of cell clones was decreased after EEA(10-200 μg/mL)treatment for 14 d(P＜0.01).The morphology of mitochondria became more round and shorter,and the inner mitochondrial matrices were either damaged or absent after 200 μg/mL EEA treatment for 24 h.The ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase and the early apoptosis rate of cells were higher than those of the blank control group(P＜0.01)after EEA(20-200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.Western blot re-sults showed that compared with the blank control group,the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-pase-9,Bax,DRP1,and FIS1 were up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of cyclin D1,cyclin E,CDK2,CDK4,Bcl-2,Bad,Bcl-XL,SIRT1,PGC-1α,NRF1,TFAM,MFN2,and OPA1 were down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:EEA has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells,which may be related to the induction of G1/S cell cycle arrest and mito-chondrial apoptotic pathway,and the disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dy-namics.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of nervous system disorders characterized by delayed onset and selective neuronal dysfunction, which are closely associated with aging.Given the challenges associated with early detection and the irreversible nature of the condition, the pursuit of specific biomarkers has emerged as a critical component of disease prevention strategies.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) generates images which exhibit near-histological resolution without the requirement for contrast agent injection, demonstrating superior sensitivity compared to fundus photography. OCTA has the ability to identify and evaluate neurodegenerative diseases via the quantitative analysis of retinal parameters. The OCTA of the retina and choroid has been verified as a highly sensitive instrument for detecting microvascular abnormalities in both ocular and systemic retinal disorders. This review focuses on the application of OCTA in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington′s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Wolfram syndrome, with the aim of providing a reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of nervous system disorders characterized by delayed onset and selective neuronal dysfunction, which are closely associated with aging.Given the challenges associated with early detection and the irreversible nature of the condition, the pursuit of specific biomarkers has emerged as a critical component of disease prevention strategies.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) generates images which exhibit near-histological resolution without the requirement for contrast agent injection, demonstrating superior sensitivity compared to fundus photography. OCTA has the ability to identify and evaluate neurodegenerative diseases via the quantitative analysis of retinal parameters. The OCTA of the retina and choroid has been verified as a highly sensitive instrument for detecting microvascular abnormalities in both ocular and systemic retinal disorders. This review focuses on the application of OCTA in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington′s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Wolfram syndrome, with the aim of providing a reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

AIM:To explore the effect and mecha-nism of ethanol extract of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels(EEA)on cell proliferation and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells.METHODS:Cell viability was analyzed by MTT method.Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.The invert-ed microscope was used to observe the changes of cell growth confluence and morphology.Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the changes of cell mi-tochondrial structure.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression levels of cell cycle,apoptosis,mitochondrial biogenesis,and mitochondrial dy-namics-related proteins.RESULTS:Compared with the blank control group,the cell viability of B16-F10 melanoma cells was reduced after EEA(10-400μg/mL)treatment for 24 h and 48 h,respectively(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The decreased cell growth conflu-ence,morphological changes such as shrinkage,rounding,and reduction in the volume,and apop-totic morphologic changes such as chromatin con-densation were observed after EEA(100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.The number of cell clones was decreased after EEA(10-200 μg/mL)treatment for 14 d(P＜0.01).The morphology of mitochondria became more round and shorter,and the inner mitochondrial matrices were either damaged or absent after 200 μg/mL EEA treatment for 24 h.The ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase and the early apoptosis rate of cells were higher than those of the blank control group(P＜0.01)after EEA(20-200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.Western blot re-sults showed that compared with the blank control group,the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-pase-9,Bax,DRP1,and FIS1 were up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of cyclin D1,cyclin E,CDK2,CDK4,Bcl-2,Bad,Bcl-XL,SIRT1,PGC-1α,NRF1,TFAM,MFN2,and OPA1 were down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:EEA has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells,which may be related to the induction of G1/S cell cycle arrest and mito-chondrial apoptotic pathway,and the disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dy-namics.

The detection rate of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is constantly increasing, and identifying early CSVD lesions is of great significance for its prevention and treatment. Based on the similarities in physiological characteristics and embryonic origin between the retina and the central nervous system, optical coherence tomography angiography can quickly and non-invasively evaluate brain microcirculation through deep analysis of retinal blood vessels. This article reviews the application of this technology in CSVD and vascular cognitive impairment, aiming to provide reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of CSVD.

Objectives:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of typical pharmaceutical smoking cessation intervention strategies in China in the context of primary cancer prevention.Methods:Markov cohort simulation models were established to simulate the burden of 12 smoking caused cancer, including lung cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Taking incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) as the main indicator, the model sets one year as the cycling period for 50 periods and simulates the cohort of 10 000 thirty-five-year-old current smokers with various smoking cessation strategies. To ensure the robustness of conclusion, univariate sensitivity analysis, probability sensitivity analysis, and age-group sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results:The results showed that varenicline intervention was the most cost-effective intervention. Compared to the next most effective option, incremental cost of each additional quality-adjusted life year is 11 140.28 yuan, which is below the threshold of willingness to pay (1 year GDP per capita). The value of ICER increased as the increasing age group of adopting intervention, but neither exceeded the threshold of willingness to pay. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the value of discount rate, the hazard ratio and cost of intervention strategy had a greater impact on the result of ICER.Conclusion:In China, the use of varenicline to quit smoking is highly cost effective in the context of cancer primary prevention, especially for younger smokers.

The characteristic features of dissociative conversion disorder entail a partial or complete loss of normal integration in memory,identity awareness,immediate sensation,and motor control.This article documents a case of the disorder presenting with an onset of depressive mood,diminished interest,and facial tics,subsequently accompanied by intermittent fainting spells with limb convulsions.Despite multiple consultations in both general hospitals and psychiatric settings,and despite treatment with various antidepressants and antiepileptic medications,the patient's symptoms showed no significant improvement.The report of this case deepens the understanding of a complex and commonly misdiagnosed condition,offering valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of patients exhibiting similar symptoms.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.