OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）. METHODS Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing ICIs combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy （experimental group） versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone （control group） were retrieved from PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and VIP databases， as well as relevant studies published at oncology academic conferences. The search period was from database inception to June 30， 2025. After literature screening， data extraction， and quality assessment， a meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 6 RCTs involving 3 786 patients were finally included. The meta-analysis results showed that the experimental group had superior event-free survival [HR＝0.73， 95%CI （0.62， 0.85）， P＜0.000 1]， overall survival [HR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.57， 0.84）， P＝0.000 3]， and pathological complete response （pCR） [OR＝1.57， 95%CI （1.37， 1.80）， P＜0.000 01] compared to the control group. The incidence of ≥grade 3 adverse event （AE）， severe AE （SAE）， and ≥ grade 3 immune-related adverse event （irAE） in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of any AE or any irAE （P＞0.05）. Subgroup analysis revealed that， regardless of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression status （negative or positive），the pCR in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Additionally， the pCR of the patients with positive lymph nodes in the experimental group was significantly higher to that in the ontrol group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in pCR between the two groups with negative lymph nodes （P＝0.09）. CONCLUSIONS ICIs combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve event-free survival and overall survival in patients with TNBC， providing patients with long-term survival benefits. However， the risk of ≥ grade 3 AE， SAE and ≥ grade 3 irAE has increased.

Adult-onset Still's disease(AOSD)is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever,rash,arthritis,liver,spleen and lymph node enlargement,increased total number of peripheral white blood cells and neutrophil ratio.This paper reported a case of AOSD with dermal lymphadenitis(DL)complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS),in order to improve the clinicians'understanding for this complicated complication.The patient was a 48-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with the complant of"intermittent fever with rash for 15 d".After 10 d of active anti-infection treatment,the symptoms were not improved,and there were new large congestive edematous erythema on the face and trunk,muscle pain in limbs and joints,and spleen enlargement.Laboratory tests showed increased white blood cell count,significantly decreased platelet count,hypofibrinogenemia,elevated serum ferritin,and elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor sCD25;DL was pathologically diagnosed by axillary lymph node biopsy.After excluding other diseases,the diagnosis was confirmed as AOSD with DL complicated with HPS.After diagnosis of HPS,the patient was treated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)-1994 regimen combined with rucotinib for 6 weeks,and the symptoms were improved;the patrent was discharged.The diagnosis of AOSD is particularly complex when complicated with the complications such as HPS,which requires carefully differential diagnosis,especially to exclude lymphoma.The cases of AOSD with DL are rare,and its etiology and pathogenesis need further study;early diagnosis and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve the patient's prognosis.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke. Stenting is a treatment option for symptomatic ICAS, but it also has problems such as procedure-related complications and in-stent restenosis. This article reviews the application of stenting, particularly different stent systems, in patients with symptomatic ICAS.

Objective To detect levels of plasma long non coding RNA(lncRNA)CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha antisense 1(CEBPA-AS1)and microRNA-139-5p(miR-139-5p)in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI),and to explore their relationship with cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Methods A total of 132 ACI patients treated in our hospital were included for the study.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)was used to evaluate the cognitive function of ACI patients,and they were diveded into the cognitive dysfunction group(n=63)and the normal cognitive function group(n=69).The general data of the two groups were compared.The qRT-PCR method was applied to measure plasma levels of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in ACI patients.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in ACI patients.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze factors influencing cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Results Compared with the normal cognitive function group,the plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 was higher and the miR-139-5p was lower in the cognitive dysfunction group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p(r=-0.462,P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that high school education or below,decreased plasma miR-139-5p,and increased lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients was 0.865 and 0.798,respectively.The combined diagnostic efficacy of the two(AUC=0.912)was better than single index.Conclusion The plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 is increased and the plasma miR-139-5p is decreased in patients with ACI combined with cognitive dysfunction,and both are influencing factors for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients,and the combined diagnostic efficacy is high.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of nervous system disorders characterized by delayed onset and selective neuronal dysfunction, which are closely associated with aging.Given the challenges associated with early detection and the irreversible nature of the condition, the pursuit of specific biomarkers has emerged as a critical component of disease prevention strategies.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) generates images which exhibit near-histological resolution without the requirement for contrast agent injection, demonstrating superior sensitivity compared to fundus photography. OCTA has the ability to identify and evaluate neurodegenerative diseases via the quantitative analysis of retinal parameters. The OCTA of the retina and choroid has been verified as a highly sensitive instrument for detecting microvascular abnormalities in both ocular and systemic retinal disorders. This review focuses on the application of OCTA in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington′s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Wolfram syndrome, with the aim of providing a reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

The surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is moving towards minimally invasiveness and individualization. Thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy has become the mainstream due to its superior short-term outcomes and potential survival benefits. Robotic surgery demonstrates advantages in precise lymph node dissection, particularly in the protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Transcervical mediastinoscopic esophagectomy provides a new option for patients unable to tolerate transthoracic surgery.For adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, the choice between transthoracic and transabdominal approaches should be individualized based on factors such as the extent of esophageal invasion. In the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer, larynx-preserving surgery is increasingly prominent. Additionally, active surveillance (organ-preser-vation strategy) after neoadjuvant therapy, as well as conversion and salvage surgeries, offer more curative opportunities for specific patients. The authors review the latest advances in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, provide an outlook on future directions, with the aim of offering references for clinical practice.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of nervous system disorders characterized by delayed onset and selective neuronal dysfunction, which are closely associated with aging.Given the challenges associated with early detection and the irreversible nature of the condition, the pursuit of specific biomarkers has emerged as a critical component of disease prevention strategies.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) generates images which exhibit near-histological resolution without the requirement for contrast agent injection, demonstrating superior sensitivity compared to fundus photography. OCTA has the ability to identify and evaluate neurodegenerative diseases via the quantitative analysis of retinal parameters. The OCTA of the retina and choroid has been verified as a highly sensitive instrument for detecting microvascular abnormalities in both ocular and systemic retinal disorders. This review focuses on the application of OCTA in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington′s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Wolfram syndrome, with the aim of providing a reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

The surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is moving towards minimally invasiveness and individualization. Thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy has become the mainstream due to its superior short-term outcomes and potential survival benefits. Robotic surgery demonstrates advantages in precise lymph node dissection, particularly in the protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Transcervical mediastinoscopic esophagectomy provides a new option for patients unable to tolerate transthoracic surgery.For adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, the choice between transthoracic and transabdominal approaches should be individualized based on factors such as the extent of esophageal invasion. In the treatment of cervical esophageal cancer, larynx-preserving surgery is increasingly prominent. Additionally, active surveillance (organ-preser-vation strategy) after neoadjuvant therapy, as well as conversion and salvage surgeries, offer more curative opportunities for specific patients. The authors review the latest advances in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, provide an outlook on future directions, with the aim of offering references for clinical practice.