Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of capsaicin on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Thirty-six male db/db mice aged 6-8 weeks were taken. Circular full-thickness skin defect wounds (6 mm in diameter) were created on their backs. According to the random number table method (grouping method same below), the mice were divided into control group, low-concentration capsaicin group, and high-concentration capsaicin group injected with normal saline, 10 μmol/L capsaicin solution, and 20 μmol/L capsaicin solution, respectively ( n=12). Immediately after modeling and on day 2, 30 μL of the corresponding solution was injected locally into the wounds. At 4, 8, and 12 days after injury, wound healing status was observed grossly and the percentage of residual wound area was calculated. At 12 days after injury, the proportions of inflammatory cell, collagen fiber, and CD31-positive expression areas in the wound of mice were observed and detected respectively using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining, and the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in the wound tissue of mice was detected using Western blotting. Human primary fibroblasts were prepared from normal skin tissue obtained from 5 patients (2 male and 3 female patients, aged 20-45 years) who were admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in October 2024. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase (passages 2-5) were used for subsequent experiments. Cells were divided into control group and high-concentration capsaicin group, cultured in complete media without or with 20 μmol/L capsaicin, respectively. After 24 hours of culture, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the DESeq2 R package, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The cells were divided into control group, low-concentration capsaicin group, and high-concentration capsaicin group, which were cultured in complete media without capsaicin, and with 10 μmol/L capsaicin, and with 20 μmol/L capsaicin, respectively. After 48 hours of culture, cell apoptosis status was assessed using flow cytometer. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in cells were detected by Western blotting, and the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were calculated. At 12 days after injury, the protein expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-mTOR in the wounds of diabetic mice in both control group and high-concentration capsaicin group were detected by Western blotting, and the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were calculated. All animal experiments used a sample size of 6, and all cellular experiments used 3. Results:At 4 days after injury, the wounds of three groups of diabetic mice began to heal gradually, and the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 2.31 and 2.87, respectively, P<0.05). At 8 days after injury, the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 2.55 and 5.38, respectively, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group remained significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 3.31 and 6.24, respectively, P<0.05), with the high-concentration capsaicin group showing a significantly greater reduction compared to that in low-concentration capsaicin group ( t=3.42, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the proportion of inflammatory cell area in the wound of mice in high-concentration capsaicin group was (6.2±1.8)%, significantly lower than (15.5±3.0)% in control group ( t=6.45, P<0.05). The proportion of collagen fiber area, proportion of CD31-positive expression area, and protein expression of TRPV1 in the wound of mice in high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly higher compared with those in control group (with t values of 5.48, 7.11, and 15.41, respectively, P<0.05). After 24 hours of culture, 51 DEGs with significantly differential expression were detected in high-concentration capsaicin group of cells compared with those in control group ( P<0.05), with 31 upregulated and 20 downregulated genes. GO analysis showed that the significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated DEGs mainly participated in biological processes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) polymerization, extracellular structure organization, collagen metabolic process regulation, and ECM component secretion regulation. KEGG analysis showed that the significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated DEGs mainly participated in cell apoptosis-related pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. After 48 hours of culture, the cell apoptosis rates in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 6.38 and 9.09, respectively, P<0.05). The p-mTOR/mTOR ratio in cells in low-concentration capsaicin group was significantly higher than that in control group ( t=2.74, P<0.05). The p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios in cells in high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly higher than those in control group (with t values of 4.43 and 3.33, respectively, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios in wounds of diabetic mice in high-concentration capsaicin group were 0.470±0.044 and 0.549±0.106, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.189±0.058 and 0.241±0.120 in control group (with t values of 6.67 and 3.36, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:Capsaicin can promote the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in fibroblasts, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of capsaicin on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Thirty-six male db/db mice aged 6-8 weeks were taken. Circular full-thickness skin defect wounds (6 mm in diameter) were created on their backs. According to the random number table method (grouping method same below), the mice were divided into control group, low-concentration capsaicin group, and high-concentration capsaicin group injected with normal saline, 10 μmol/L capsaicin solution, and 20 μmol/L capsaicin solution, respectively ( n=12). Immediately after modeling and on day 2, 30 μL of the corresponding solution was injected locally into the wounds. At 4, 8, and 12 days after injury, wound healing status was observed grossly and the percentage of residual wound area was calculated. At 12 days after injury, the proportions of inflammatory cell, collagen fiber, and CD31-positive expression areas in the wound of mice were observed and detected respectively using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining, and the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in the wound tissue of mice was detected using Western blotting. Human primary fibroblasts were prepared from normal skin tissue obtained from 5 patients (2 male and 3 female patients, aged 20-45 years) who were admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in October 2024. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase (passages 2-5) were used for subsequent experiments. Cells were divided into control group and high-concentration capsaicin group, cultured in complete media without or with 20 μmol/L capsaicin, respectively. After 24 hours of culture, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the DESeq2 R package, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The cells were divided into control group, low-concentration capsaicin group, and high-concentration capsaicin group, which were cultured in complete media without capsaicin, and with 10 μmol/L capsaicin, and with 20 μmol/L capsaicin, respectively. After 48 hours of culture, cell apoptosis status was assessed using flow cytometer. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in cells were detected by Western blotting, and the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were calculated. At 12 days after injury, the protein expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-mTOR in the wounds of diabetic mice in both control group and high-concentration capsaicin group were detected by Western blotting, and the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were calculated. All animal experiments used a sample size of 6, and all cellular experiments used 3. Results:At 4 days after injury, the wounds of three groups of diabetic mice began to heal gradually, and the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 2.31 and 2.87, respectively, P<0.05). At 8 days after injury, the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 2.55 and 5.38, respectively, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the percentages of residual wound area of mice in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group remained significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 3.31 and 6.24, respectively, P<0.05), with the high-concentration capsaicin group showing a significantly greater reduction compared to that in low-concentration capsaicin group ( t=3.42, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the proportion of inflammatory cell area in the wound of mice in high-concentration capsaicin group was (6.2±1.8)%, significantly lower than (15.5±3.0)% in control group ( t=6.45, P<0.05). The proportion of collagen fiber area, proportion of CD31-positive expression area, and protein expression of TRPV1 in the wound of mice in high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly higher compared with those in control group (with t values of 5.48, 7.11, and 15.41, respectively, P<0.05). After 24 hours of culture, 51 DEGs with significantly differential expression were detected in high-concentration capsaicin group of cells compared with those in control group ( P<0.05), with 31 upregulated and 20 downregulated genes. GO analysis showed that the significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated DEGs mainly participated in biological processes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) polymerization, extracellular structure organization, collagen metabolic process regulation, and ECM component secretion regulation. KEGG analysis showed that the significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated DEGs mainly participated in cell apoptosis-related pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. After 48 hours of culture, the cell apoptosis rates in both low-concentration capsaicin group and high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly lower than that in control group (with t values of 6.38 and 9.09, respectively, P<0.05). The p-mTOR/mTOR ratio in cells in low-concentration capsaicin group was significantly higher than that in control group ( t=2.74, P<0.05). The p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios in cells in high-concentration capsaicin group were significantly higher than those in control group (with t values of 4.43 and 3.33, respectively, P<0.05). At 12 days after injury, the p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios in wounds of diabetic mice in high-concentration capsaicin group were 0.470±0.044 and 0.549±0.106, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.189±0.058 and 0.241±0.120 in control group (with t values of 6.67 and 3.36, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:Capsaicin can promote the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in fibroblasts, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) infection status and interfamilial transmission pattern in Zhengzhou area. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to march 2021, among 731 individual from 266 families randomly selected from 9 communities of Zhengzhou area. H. pylori infection status was determined by serum antibody tests, and 13C-urea breath test was performed in the previously eradicated population to clarify the current infection status. The individual and familial infection rate, infection status for couples and children and adolescent were analyzed. Results:Among 731 individuals from 266 families, 397 of them were H. pylori positive. The individual infection rate was 54.31% (397/731); among infected individuals 77.83% (307/397) were infected with type Ⅰ strain, 22.67% (90/397) were infected by type Ⅱ strain. Annual household income ( χ2=0.419, 0.410, 0.213, all P>0.05), smoking history (χ 2=0.071, P>0.05), drinking history ( χ2=0.071, P>0.05), dining place ( χ2=0.009, P>0.05), gastrointestinal symptoms ( χ2=0.047, P>0.05), family history of gastric disease ( χ2=0.069, P>0.05), and history of gastric cancer ( χ2=0.004, P>0.05) had no significant differences between H. pylori-positive and -negative groups, but the infection rate in individuals with higher education level was lower ( χ2=4.449, P<0.05). The infection rate was significantly higher in≥18 age groups compared with<18 age groups ( χ2=6.531, 23.362, 20.671, 24.244, 37.948, 14.597 and 5.170, all P<0.05). The familial H. pylori infection rate was 87.59% (233/266), and in 61 families all member were infected (26.18%, 61/233). The positive rate was 23.08% (6/26) in 50 families with children under 18 years when both parents were infected. Among 231 coupled families, both couples were infected in 78 families (33.76%), one couple was infected in 113 families (48.92%), and both couples were not infected in 40 (17.32%). With the increase of marriage time, the infection rate of both spouses increased significantly ( χ2=7.775, 12.662, 15.487, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The distribution of H. pylori infection presents a family cluster pattern, and intrafamilial infection is an important transmission rout of H. pylori. The type I strain of H. pylori is the dominate strain in this area.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.

Diabetic high-risk feet are defined as diabetic patients without active ulcers but with peripheral neuropathy, with or without foot deformity or peripheral arterial disease, or with a history of foot ulcers, or with a history of (or partial) amputation of the lower extremity or foot. The protection direction of high-risk diabetic foot is to control the risk factors of diabetic foot and delay the progression of diabetic foot. This article reviews the definition, identification, and protective measures of diabetic high-risk foot, so as to provide a basis for nursing practice.

As the primary surgical procedure of treating and preventing cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancers, neck dissection (ND) have increasingly becoming standardized and reasonable since the past hundred years. However, the preoperative uncertainty of cervical lymph node metastasis for patient with head neck cancer, whether perform ND and the dissection region often confuse the surgeons. Provide a currently standardized ND operation manner according to the metastatic characteristics and operative wound degree as a reference to surgeons may facilitate the therapeutic and prevent effects on patients with head and neck cancer.

As the primary surgical procedure of treating and preventing cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancers, neck dissection (ND) have increasingly becoming standardized and reasonable since the past hundred years. However, the preoperative uncertainty of cervical lymph node metastasis for patient with head neck cancer, whether perform ND and the dissection region often confuse the surgeons. Provide a currently standardized ND operation manner according to the metastatic characteristics and operative wound degree as a reference to surgeons may facilitate the therapeutic and prevent effects on patients with head and neck cancer.

Background and purpose:During recent years, the incidence of papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma (PTMC) has increased year by year. There are many differences in its diagnosis and treatment. This research investigated and summarized the clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid papillary carcinoma by means of analyzing the patients’ data.Methods:Sixty-one cases underwent high resolution ultrasound examination before operation, and the accuracy rate was 86.9%. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Thirty-nine patients had thyroid lobectomy and ipsilateral central lymph node dissection (CLND), 11 underwent concurrent partial thyroidectomy, 22 had total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection and 5 underwent concurrent cervical lymph node dissection. The incidences of central and cervical lymph node metastasis were 44.3% and 8.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors for central lymph node metastasis were age <45 years, multifocality, tumor location near or across the midline, tumor diameter≥5 mm. The rates of central lymph node metastasis were 66.7%, 60.7%, 66.7% and 53.8, respectively.Conclusion:High resolution ultrasound examination has a high sensitivity for the detection of PTMC. It is important to implement standardized and individualized treatment plan to the patients with PTMC.

From January 2000 to December 2006, 78 hypertensive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(80～130 ml)underwent minimally invasive surgery(n=41)or small bone window craniotomy(n=37). Neurological deficit scores and mortality were estimated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy among those two group patients. The success rate was significantly higher in the micro-invasive surgery group than the small bone window craniotomy group(P＜0. 05). However, no significantly lower mortality was detected in the micro-invasive surgery group(P＞0. 05). In summary, micro-invasive surgery may reduce the mortality, largely increase the success rate of treatment, and improve patients' quality of life.

Objective To discuss the treatment effect of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods From 1992 to 2002,42 cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma invading the laryngotrachea were treated in shanxi tumor hospital.Radical tumor resection were 6 cases,local shaving-off tumor resection were 32 cases and incomplete tumor resection were 4 cases.Some patients received postoperative radiotheraPy.Results In the 42patients,the overall 5-year survival rates were 76.2%(32/42).Conclusion Although well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma invaded the laryngotrachea,the operation can increase the curative effect and the patient's living standand.