Mitochondrial dysfunctions play major roles in ageing. How mitochondrial stresses invoke downstream responses and how specificity of the signaling is achieved, however, remains unclear. We have previously discovered that the RNA component of Telomerase TERC is imported into mitochondria, processed to a shorter form TERC-53, and then exported back to the cytosol. Cytosolic TERC-53 levels respond to mitochondrial functions, but have no direct effect on these functions, suggesting that cytosolic TERC-53 functions downstream of mitochondria as a signal of mitochondrial functions. Here, we show that cytosolic TERC-53 plays a regulatory role on cellular senescence and is involved in cognition decline in 10 months old mice, independent of its telomerase function. Manipulation of cytosolic TERC-53 levels affects cellular senescence and cognition decline in 10 months old mouse hippocampi without affecting telomerase activity, and most importantly, affects cellular senescence in terc cells. These findings uncover a senescence-related regulatory pathway with a non-coding RNA as the signal in mammals.

Objective Based on the screening of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infection in Maoming,the viral pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection were investigated,the epidemic trend of children with respiratory tract infection in the region was grasped,so as to provide the basis for the disease diagnosis of children with respiratory tract infection.Methods With direct immunofluorescence,7 common respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions were detected in 13 148 patients with respiratory infection in our hospital,including adenovirus (ADV),respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus A (FLUA),influenza virus B FLUB) and parainfluenza (PIV).Results In 13 148 cases,the respiratory virus positive were found in 3 308 cases,the total positive rate was 25.16％,the positive detection rate of RSV was the highest (17.39 ％),and the detection rate of respiratory virus has obvious seasonal characteristics,with the highest detection rate in the first quarter,and mainly concentrated in the population under the age of three.Conclusion RSV was the first of the 7 common respiratory viruses detected,and the virus infection was associated with age and season.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.

Kallmann syndrome ( KS) is a rare disease and characteristic of an absence of puberty, infertility, and a defective sensation of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). Here, we analyze the features of a case of KS diagnosed clinically. In addition, the etiology, genetic features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of KS were reviewed.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) plus electroacupuncture in treating periarthritis of shoulder.Method Ninety patients with periarthritis of shoulder were randomized into an electroacupuncture (EA) group, an ESW group, and an ESW plus EA group, 30 cases in each group. The EA group was intervened by EA, the ESW group was treated with ESW, and the ESW plus EA group by ESW and EA. The three groups were treated once every 2 d, with successive 10 sessions as a treatment course. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and shoulder range of motion (ROM) score were evaluated before and after the treatment in the three groups. Result The VAS scores dropped significantly in the three groups after the intervention (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the VAS score between the EA group and ESW group after the intervention (P>0.05); the VAS score in the ESW plus EA group was significantly different from that in the EA group and ESW group after the treatment (P<0.05). The ROM scores were significantly improved in the three groups after the intervention (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the ROM score between the EA group and the ESW group after the intervention (P>0.05); the ROM score in the ESW plus EA group was significant different from that in the other two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion ESW plus EA can more significantly ease the pain and improve the shoulder ROM in treating periarthritis of shoulder compared with the two methods used separately.

Objective To investigate the effect of Sirt1 gene knockout on chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in mice and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) signaling pathway.Methods Twenty four male Sirt1 +/+ and Sirt1 +/-mice wererandomly divided into four groups:Sirt1+/+ mice with sham-operation (WT-Sham,n=6),Sirt1+/-mice with sham-operation (KO-Sham,n=6),Sirt1 +/+ mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (WT-Nx,n=6) and Sirt1 +/-mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (KO-Nx,n=6).Proteinuria was determined by urine collection from 8:00 to 8:00 the next day at 20 weeks.Serum creatinine (Scr),urea nitrogen (BUN) and the renal pathological changes were measured after 20 weeks.Expressions of Sirt1,collagen Ⅰ and transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) were used to analyze the changes of renal fibrosis by immunohistochemistry staining.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of Sirt1,fibronectin,collagen Ⅰ,VEGF and Flk-1 in kidney.Results Sirt1 expressed in glomernlar endothelial cells,podocytes,mesangial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in Sirt1 +/+ mice,while Sirt1 expression intensity was significantly reduced in Sirt1 +/-mice.Compared with the WT-Sham group,WT-Nx group had increased proteinuria,BUN,Scr,glomernlar sclerosis index and tubulointerstitial fibrosis index at 12 weeks after operation (all P ＜ 0.01),and KO-Nx group had exacerbated the above up-regulations (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those in WT-Sham group,the expressions of fibronectin,collagen Ⅰ and TGF-β were up-regulated in WT-Nx group (all P ＜ 0.01),and were significantly augmented in KO-Nx group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those in WT-Sham group,renal mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and Flk-1 were decreased in WT-Nx group,and KO-Nx group aggravated their down-regulation (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Sirt1 gene knockout can increase proteinuria and Scr,and aggravate renal pathology and renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized mice,which is associated with the inhibition of VEGF/Flk-1 signaling pathway.It is suggested that Sirt1 may be a potential therapeutic target of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the classification of the specification grade of Dioscorea opposite.METHODS:Using the Delphi method,17 experts,who were associated with the study of the distribution and clinical application of D.opposite,were selected to conduct two rounds of consultation on 18 samples of medicinal herbs.The importance of the sensory evaluation indexes of D.opposite was screened and the overall satisfaction was evaluated.The specification grade of D.oppositewas determined preliminarily.RESULTS:Totally 17 questionnaires were issued for each round of consultation,and 17 were recovered with recovery rate of 100％.According to statistical analysis,the average value of expert's authority coefficient was 0.77 +0.07,and average recurrence rate of individual review was (91.18 + 7.64)％.The average recurrence rates of group review in two rounds of consultation were (66.67 + 13.50)％ and (65.97 + 14.01)％.The influence of working life,business background and educational background on recurrence rates of group review for interviewed experts was comprehensive.The full score ratio of appearance and cross-sectional characteristics importance was more than 80％,and the average value was more than 0.8.The full score ratio and average value of iron yam were higher.CONCLUSIONS:It is accurate and scientific to evaluate the specification grade of Chinese medicinal herbs with sensory experience.The most important evaluation indicators of D.opposite were the appearance,shape and cross-sectional characteristics.And it is divided into iron yam and non-iron yam preliminarily.The iron yam grade in descending order:Henan sandy iron yam,Shandong sandy iron yam,Henan loquat iron yam.The non-iron yam grade in descending order:Henan Huaiqingfu D.opposite,Hebei Xiaobaizui D.opposite,Hebei Ma D.opposite and Shanxi Chang D.opposite.

Mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes a small set of tRNAs, rRNAs, and mRNAs. The RNA synthesis process has been well characterized. How the RNAs are degraded, however, is poorly understood. It was long assumed that the degradation happens in the matrix where transcription and translation machineries reside. Here we show that contrary to the assumption, mammalian mitochondrial RNA degradation occurs in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) and the IMS-localized RNASET2 is the enzyme that degrades the RNAs. This provides a new paradigm for understanding mitochondrial RNA metabolism and transport.
Cell Line ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Membranes ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; RNA ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Mitochondrial ; Ribonucleases ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

AIM:We investigated how AT 1-R stimulated by mechanical stresses induces cardiac fibrosis .METHODS:We produced in vivo cardiac pressure overload model in angiotensinogen knockout ( ATG-/-) mice and in vitro mechanically-stretched cell model in cultured neonatal cardiac cells of ATG-/-mice both lack the participation of Ang II .RESULTS: Pressure overload for 4 weeks in ATG-/-mice induced myocardial hypertrophy accompanied by the significant interstitial fibrosis , however , the TGF-β, a key regulatory factor of fibrosis, was not significantly increased in these ATG-/-mice.Meanwhile, the inhibitor for AT1-R significantly inhibited mechani-cal stress-induced cardiac fibrosis in these ATG-/-models whereas inhibition of TGF-βdid not.CONCLUSION:The results showed that mechanical stress-induced fibrotic responses through AT 1-R required the phosphorylation of Smad 2 but not the involvement of TGF-β.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the clinical features,therapeutic methods and prognosis of 197 cases with eating crayfish caused rhabdomyolysis in our hospital within July,2016 to August,2016.Methods Using retrospective method,197 rhabdomyolysis cases induced by eating crayfish were admitted into study.Data of epidemiological character,clinical features,therapy protocol and prognosis were collected and analyzed.Results All the patients had the experience of eating crayfish within 12h before the onset.Patients in this cohort had the common symptoms but varying degrees of myalgia,fatigue of the whole body muscles,and urine color change.Laboratory tests revealed:On day 1 of onset,serum myoglobin level had raised up to the peak with average level at (2 135 ± 1 547) μg/L (0-46 μg/L).Creatine kinase with average level at (4 657 ± 2 178) U/L (25-190 U/L);Aspartate transaminase with average level at 264 ± 83 U/L (10-45 U/L);Lactate dehydrogenase with average level at (1 457 ± 673) U/L (313-618 U/L),all these three markers reached peak on day 2,then gradually declined.All the patients recovered and discharged after relaxation,fluid infusion,alkalization of urine and dealing with the complications.Conclusion Timely diagnosis and treatment of the rhabdomyolysis syndrome induced by eating crayfish could indicate favorable prognosis in these patients from July,2016 to August,2016.