Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)on oxidative damage to the retina in a rat model of dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)induced by sodium iodate.Methods A total of 36 male specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank control group,sodium iodate group and sodium iodate+EGCG group,with 12 rats in each group.Rats in the sodium iodate group and the sodium io-date+EGCG group were given 50 mg-kg·1 sodium iodate by tail vein injection by weight to build dry AMD models,while rats in the blank control group were administered with an equal volume of normal saline.Following the modeling proce-dure,rats in the sodium iodate+EGCG group received an intravitreal injection of 4 μL EGCG(0.5 g·L-1)into their right eyes,while the right eyes of rats in both the blank control and sodium iodate groups were treated with the same volume of normal saline.After 21 days,the rats were sacrificed,and ocular samples were collected for detection.Histopathological changes of the retinal tissues in each group were examined using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Additionally,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)in the retinal tis-sues were quantified.Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of nuclear factor ery-throid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2),NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in the retinas.Furthermore,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the relative messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and HO-1 in the retinas of the rats.Results HE staining revealed that,in comparison to the blank control group,the entire retinal layer in the sodium iodate group exhibited injury,characterized by noticeable injury of the retinal pigment epithelial cells and disordered outer nuclear layer with wavy transformation.The so-dium iodate+EGCG group demonstrated ameliorated retinal injury across all layers compared to the sodium iodate group.Compared to the blank control group,the levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly reduced(both P＜0.01),while the level of MDA was significantly elevated(P＜0.01)in the sodium iodate group.Compared with the sodium iodate group,the sodium iodate+EGCG group showed a significant increase in the levels of SOD and GSH-Px(both P＜0.01),along-side a substantial decrease in the content of MDA(P＜0.01).Western blot analyses demonstrated that compared with the blank control group,the protein expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and HO-1 were significantly elevated in the sodium iodate group(all P＜0.01);compared with the sodium iodate group,the sodium iodate+EGCG group exhibited relatively higher protein expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and HO-1(all P＜0.05).The results from real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that the relative mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and HO-1 in the retinas of rats in the sodium io-date group were significantly greater than those in the blank control group(all P＜0.05);compared with the sodium iodate group,the sodium iodate+EGCG group showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,NQO1 and HO-1(all P＜0.05).Conclusion EGCG can improve the capacity to scavenge oxygen free radicals by promo-ting the upregulation of Nrf2 expression.This activation subsequently enhances the expression of downstream products such as NQO1 and HO-1,leading to increased levels of SOD and GSH-Px while simultaneously reducing the MDA level.Consequently,this process inhibits oxidative damage to the retina in rats with dry AMD induced by sodium iodate.

Objective: To investigate the effect of over-expression of paired related homoeobox 1 (PRRX1) on apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells, and to explore its detailed mechanism. Methods： ：Lentivirus-mediated PRRX1 over-expression vector (pGMLV-PRRX1) and empty vector (Vector) were respectively infected into SMMC7721 cells, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of PRRX1 in infected cells were detected by qPCR and WB. The effect of PRRX1 over-expression on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay and Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry assay, respectively. The change of mitochondrial membrane potential of SMMC7721 cells was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit (JC-10 staining assay). The enzymatic activities of caspase-8 and caspase-9 in infected cells were detected by using caspase activity assay kit (spectrophotometric method). The protein expression levels of p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, Cleaved-caspase-3 and Cty C expressed in mitochondria and cytosol were evaluated by WB. Results： ：PRRX1 over-expressed SMMC7721 cell line was successfully constructed, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PRRX1 were significantly increased in lentivirus infected cells (all P< 0.01). Compared with control group and vector group, over-expression of PRRX1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, weakened mitochondrial membrane potential, but increased the rate of apoptosis, elevated the shear level of caspase-3, promoted the release of Cyt C protein from mitochondrial into cytosol and increased the enzymatic activity of caspase-9 (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, over-expression of PRRX1 also promoted the protein expressions of p53 and Bax but inhibited the protein expression of Bcl-2 (all P< 0.05 or P<0.01); however,it had no significant effect on the expression of Fas protein and the enzymatic activity of caspase-8 (all P＞ 0.05). Conclusion： ：Over-expression of PRRX1 induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells, which may be related to the activation of p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

Objective Constructed Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 PA0745 mutant and verified its pathogenicity.Methods Constructed Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0745 gene deletion and point mutant by homologous recombination.Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant strains E126A,E146A and △PA0745 were screened by plasmid resistance and auxotrophy.Analysed mutant PA0745,PA14 growth characteristics and pathogenic changes.Results PA14 PA0745 mutant strains E126A,E146A and △PA0745 were successfully constructed.The results of growth curve showed that PA14 PA0745 mutation did not affect PA14 normal growth.The results of cell infection showed that the infection ability of E126A,E146A and △PA0745 decreased by 29.51％,60.66％ and 79.34％ respectively compared with PA14.Conclusion PA14 PA0745 mutant was successfully constructed in this study,and the function of PA0745 was confirmed,which had some guiding significance for the development of antibacterial drugs.

Through detailed investigation of the market circulation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix, at the same time, this article collected relevant articles, conducted comparative study on genuine and conventionally used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix from the aspects of textual research, functions, chemical composition and pharmacological effect, and discussed the results of the study.

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-30c on the viability and migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).METHODS:The HUVECs were transfected with miR-30c mimic and inhibitor or negative control (NC), and then the expression levels of miR-30c, PAI-1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The viability and migratory ability of HUVECs were measured by CCK-8 assay and wound healing test .After bioinformatic analysis, the assessment of miR-30c binding to PAI-1 3’-UTR was carried out using a luciferase reporter gene assay .RESULTS:miR-30c directly down-regu-lated PAI-1 levels by binding to the 3’ UTR seed sequence of PAI-1 mRNA.Furthermore, transfection of a miR-30c mimic down-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein levels, leading to enhanced migratory ability and viability of the HUVECs.However, transfection of a miR-30c inhibitor up-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein le-vels, leading to decreased migratory ability and viability .CONCLUSION:Regulation of miR-30c level changes the migra-tory ability and viability of HUVECs by affecting the PAI-1 expression, indicating the involvement of miR-30c in modulating endothelial function .

OBJECTIVE:To compare the contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin,6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopi-croside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin in wild and cultivated Gentiana officinalis,and to provide basis for rational use of G. officinalis. METHODS:UPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC? BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.04% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 242 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:For loganic acid,swertiama-rin,6′-O-β- D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin,a good linearity was obtained in the range of 2.1-537.1 μg,1.05-270 μg,0.92-236 μg,11.1-2 830 μg,0.75-192 μg,0.167-102 μg,0.216-52.80 μg(r≥0.999 5), respectively. Their average recoveries were 97.72%-99.84%(RSD≤3.39%,n=6). The contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin, 6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside and isoorientin in the wild sample were higher than in the cultivat-ed;the content of isovitexin was lower than the cultivated,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). The sum of gentiopi-croside and loganin acid content were all higher than 2.5% in both wild and cultivated samples,and met the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(first part). CONCLUSIONS:The content difference of 7 indicative constituents in wild and cul-tivated G. officinalis is not statistically significant,and the indicative constituents of the pharmacopoeia is qualified.

Objective To investigate the instant clinical efficacy of intra-arterial infusion of fasudil combined with routine anti-vasospasm for symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCVS). Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysm, who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from May 2010 and February 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions included Fisher gradeⅡ(n=2), gradeⅢ (n=16) and gradeⅣ (n=3). Endovascular embolization of the aneurysm was carried out within 48 hours after the confirmation of the diagnosis with total cerebral DSA;no bleeding occurred during the operation and routine anti-vasospasm therapy was given. Within 4-9 days after the onset of the disease, all 21 patients presented SCVS. Half dose systemic heparinization, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil (30 mg fasudil+250 ml saline, lasting for 30 min) were adopted. Reexamination of angiography performed at 15 min after fasudil infusion was employed, and the results were evaluated with NIHSS score by comparing the preoperative findings. Results Imaging examination performed after the treatment showed that significant improvement was obtained in 15 patients and no obvious changes in 6 patients. Clinical symptoms were remarkably improved in 11 patients, partially improved in 4 patients and remained unchanged in 6 patients. The mean NIHSS score was improved from preoperative 28.6 to postoperative 21.2. Conclusion For the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil is effective and safe, and it has good clinical application value.

Objective To study the therapeutic and toxic effects of 32 P-chromic phosphate-poly (L-lactic) acid (32p-CP-PLLA) microparticle intratumoral administration into BALB/c nude mice bearing BxPc-3 human pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Twenty four nude mice bearing tumors were injected with 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 M Bq 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively.The relative tumor growth rates were observed every day,and white blood cells,platelets and body weight were measured.At 14 d after administration,the tumors were removed,histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results The relative tumor growth rates of each treatment group was lower than 40％.Histological examination showed the degenerative necrosis at the site nearby the mircoparticle.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of Bcl-2 in treated group were lower than those in control group.In contrast,the expression of bax in treated group were higher than those in control group.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein significantly decreased in the treatment group,which were 3.83 ± 0.43,0.47 ± 0.13,1.10 ± 0.32,2.19 ± 0.57 for 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 MBq 32 P-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively ( t =2.36 - 2.77,P ＜ 0.05).MVD were 31.2 ± 2.3,23.8 ± 1.5,14.8 ±0.8,11.0 ± 1.2,respectively.Dose dependence was observed in both HE and IHC staining after 14 d treatment ( t =2.30 - 2.57,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Intratumoral injection of 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle might be a safe,easy and effective radionuclide interventional therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.