The plant F-box protein more axillary growth 2 (MAX2) is a key factor in the signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) and karrinkins (KARs). As the main component of the SKP1-CUL1-FBX (SCF) complex ubiquitin ligase E3, MAX2 is responsible for specifically recognizing the target proteins, suppressor of MAX2 1/SMAX1-like proteins (SMAX1/SMXLs), which would be degraded after ubiquitination. It can thereby regulate plant morphogenesis and stress responses. There exist homologous genes of MAX2 in the important grain and oil crop soybean (Glycine max). However, its role in plant defense responses has not been investigated yet. Here, GmMAX2b, a homologous gene of MAX2, was successfully cloned from stressed soybean. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there were two MAX2 homologous genes, GmMAX2a and GmMAX2b, with a similarity of 96.2% in soybean. Their F-box regions were highly conserved. The sequence alignment and cluster analysis of plant MAX2 homologous proteins basically reflected the evolutionary relationship of plants and also suggested that soybean MAX2 might be a multifunctional protein. Expression analysis showed that plant pathogen infection and salicylic acid treatment induced the expression of GmMAX2b in soybean, which is consistent with that of MAX2 in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of GmMAX2b compensated for the susceptibility of Arabidopsis max2-2 mutant to pathogen, indicating that GmMAX2b positively regulated plant disease resistance. In addition, yeast two hybrid technology was used to explore the potential target proteins of GmMAX2b. The results showed that GmMAX2b interacted with SMXL6 and weakly interacted with SMXL2. In summary, GmMAX2b is a positive regulator in plant defense responses, and its expression is induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid treatment. GmMAX2b might exert its effect through interaction with SMXL6 and SMXL2. This study expands the theoretical exploration of soybean disease resistant F-box and provides a scientific basis for future soybean disease resistant breeding.
Glycine max/metabolism* ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Plant Diseases/immunology* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; F-Box Proteins/genetics* ; Arabidopsis/genetics* ; Phylogeny

Objective To explore the impact of intensive follow-up visit in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation taking Warfarin in process of anticoagulant therapy. Methods A total of 100 patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomly divided them into intensive follow-up group and regular follow-up group on average. We compared the treatment compliance, INR value, embolism and hemorrhage between two groups. Results The INR qualified rate was 86. 0% after 6 months taking medication in the intensive follow-up group and 72. 0% in the regular follow-up group (χ2 =4. 570,P<0. 05). The incidence rate of hemorrhage was 12% in the intensive follow-up group and 28% in the regular follow-up group (χ2 =4. 000,P<0. 05). Conclusions With the function of propaganda, education, supervision, promotion and attention on patients, follow-up visit makes patients taking Warfarin receive normative, effective anticoagulant treatment and improves the safety of medicine use, thus the effect of preventing stroke can be achieved.

Aim To evaluate the antinociception of ω-SO3,a novel Omega-superfamily conotoxin,in rat formalin test.Methods Potency and duration of ω-SO3 antinociception compared with morphine were investigated in rat formalin test after acute intrathecal administration.Development of tolerance or cross tolerance to analgesia of ω-SO3 and morphine was tested in formalin test after chronic intrathecal administration.Locomotor activity of rat after acute intrathecal administration was tested to evaluate possible central side effects.Results In rat formalin test after intrathecal bolus injection,ω-SO3 produced dose-and time-dependent antinociception by suppressing acute(ED_(50),1.79 ng·g~(-1))and tonic phases(ED_(50),0.41 ng·g~(-1)),which was approximately 10-fold potency and twice longer-acting of morphine in blocking tonic phase responses.After repeated intrathecal injections twice daily for 5 consecutive days,ω-SO3 produced analgesia without loss of potency whereas morphine produced analgesia tolerance in rat formalin test;further,ω-SO3 still produced potent analgesia in morphine-tolerant rats.No changes in motor function were seen in rats receiving above antinociceptive doses.Conclusion sNovel ω-SO3 produces potent and long-acting spinal antinociception without observable motor dysfunction and after chronic intrathecal administration.ω-SO3 produces neither tolerance nor cross-tolerance to morphine analgesia.

BACKGROUND: With social development, the average life span is prolonged. The issue of aging has increasingly attracted people's attention. It is necessary to promote the health status and the guality of life of the elderly..OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and distribution features of several common diseases which influence the quality of life of elderly.DESIGN: Random cluster sampling methods and a cross-section survey.SETTING: Beijing Institute of Geriatrics of Beijing Hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 1 558 old people aged ≥60 years living in 10 communities affiliated to Jianguomen district office of the Eastern District of Beijing City,and 8 villages affiliated to Xiangyang and Henan Villagers'Commissions of Shunyi County of Beijing from May 1997 and October 1997 were recruited.In fact,1 434 persons responded,with a response rate being 92％,319 males and 498 females came from the city;242 males and 375 females came from the villages.METHODS:Questionnaires were filled up,and physical examinations were conducted in all the elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 6 common diseases were observed among the elderly: Hyperplasia of prostate, abnormal audition, cartaract ,osteoarthritis, fracture and constipation.RESULTS:Totally 1434 elderly entered the stage of result analysis.①The incidence of hyperplasia of prostate in the males from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (61.4％,65.7％, P ＜ 0.01 ). ② The incidence of abnormal audition among the elderly from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (53.9％,64.7％,P ＜ 0.01).③ The incidence of cataract of the two eyes in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas(46.4％,44.4％, P ＜ 0.01). ④ The incidence of osteoarthropathy in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (24.4％,14.9, P ＜ 0.01). ⑤ The incidence of fracture in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (14.2％,9.1％, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥ The incidence of constipation of the elderly in urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas(18.2％,23.0％,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:There is a difference between the elderly from the urban areas and the rural areas in hyperplasis of prostate,abnormal audition, cataract, osteoarthropathy, fracture and constipation, and this is related with the economy, nutrition, medical conditions and cultural traits.Therefore, attention should be attached to nutrition and health knowledge of the elderly and prevention and treatment of common diseases among the elderly people.

Plasma HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 were determined in 95 untreated and 87 treated patients with NIDDM and 86 cases with IGT using Eder's modified method.The result showed that HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 were all reduced in these three groups in comparison with control group, but the average concentrations of all 3 subfractions of HDL showed no significant difference among these three groups. It also indicated that HDL abnormality may appear quite early in cases with abnormal glucose tolerance, such as in patients with IGT.