Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To construct a nomogram model for predicting lower extremity deep vein throm-bosis(DVT)during hospitalization in the patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy due to acute ische-mic stroke.Methods A total of 901 patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in the hospital from January 1,2017 to January 1,2024 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the lower extremity DVT group(n=112)and non-DVT group(n=789)according to whether DVT occurred after surgery.The observation indicators included the clinically relevant data,perio-perative related indicators and related laboratory indicators.The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors,and then the nomogram model was established.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to analyze the predictive efficiency of the model.The clinical benefit of the predictive model was assessed by the clinical decision curve analysis(DCA)curve.Results There were statistically significant differences in the age,NIHSS score at admission,history of diabetes mellitus,history of smoking and history of DVT between the two groups(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the time from onset to femoral artery puncture,time from onset to admission,time from femoral artery puncture to revascularization and postoperative complicating pul-monary infection between the two groups(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in D-di-mer,venous blood glucose and PLT at admission between the two groups(P<0.05).The multivariate logis-tic regression analysis results showed that the NIHSS score at admission,diabetes history,age,D-dimer,time from onset to femoral artery puncture and postoperative complicating pulmonary infection were the independ-ent influencing factors for lower extremity DVT during hospitalization in the patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy(P<0.05).The ROC curve and Bootstrap method verification results all showed that the nomogram predictive ability was strong.The DCA curve showed that when the threshold value was 0.12-0.96,the clinical benefit and applicability of the model were the best.Conclusion The constructed nomogram model can better predict the clinical outcome of the patients,and has a wide range of clinical applicability.

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that has been gradually recognized in recent years. It plays an important role in recognizing the invasion of exogenous pathogens and sensing endogenous danger signals. The initiation of pyroptosis depends on the activation of intracellular inflammasome and its downstream caspases, as well as the active fragment of the key protein Gasdermin. The invasion of periodontal pathogens induces an inflammatory response of the host, involving the activation of inflammasome and triggering pyroptosis as well. Meanwhile, it leads to the release of a large number of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to amplify the inflammatory response and mediate periodontal tissue destruction eventually. This article reviews the research progress of the signaling pathways of pyroptosis, as well as its mechanism induced by periodontal pathogens and the mechanism of periodontal tissue damage in periodontitis in order to provide new targets and ideas for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

Gingival recession could result in root exposure, dental hypersensitivity and poor aesthetics. It has been demonstrated that varieties of root coverage procedures can significantly improve gingival recession in short-term (≤6 months), of which coronally advanced flap combined with connective tissue graft is the gold standard technique for treatment of gingival recession. It could obtain the optimally complete root coverage and maintain long-term stability (≥2 years). However, clinical knowledge about the long-term effectiveness of the other alternative graft materials remain very limited. Based on the existing clinical evidence, this article reviews coronally advanced flap, coronally advanced flap combined with connective tissue graft or alternative graft materials, with particular attention to the long-term stability of them, in order to provide reference for the design of further clinical trials and the plan of clinical treatments.

Objective To introduce a self-developed computer-assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system used for precise placement of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty.Methods We collected the preoperative pelvic CT scanning data of 10 hips with aeetabular dysplasia that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2017.The total time for import of radiographic images,model reconstruction,model segmentation,acetabular component position design and STL model export was calculated and compared between our self-designed software and Mimics vl 7.0.Three kinds of STL model from each case were imported into our self-developed 3D printing device,Stratasys Objet30 and Stratasys Demension SST1200es respectively for rapid prototyping.The printing efficiency and accuracy were compared among the 3 printers.The accuracy of placing acetabular component with guidance system was evaluated.Results The average time forpreoperative planningwas7.7±1.3 minbyourself-designedsoftware and 52.5 ± 15.9 min by Mimics v17.0,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).In morphological point-based comparison for each case,the 3D models exported by the 2 different kinds of software showed an average difference of 0.072 1 ± 0.069 1 mm.The average durations for rapid prototyping by the 3 different printers were 5.3 ± 0.6 h,10.8 ± 0.5 h,and 9.3 ± 0.6 h,respectively,showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.001).The guidance system resulted in precise placement.The locations of the acetabular component achieved by guide-assisted placement were not significantly different from the target ones (P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion Our self-developed preoperative planning software,rapid prototyping device and guidance apparatus for acetabular component placement may lead to good accuracy and high efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo generate mice which are specific for peroxisomproliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1(PGC-1α) knockout in the GABAergic interneuron.

METHODSConditional mice specific for PGC-1αwere introduced from the Jackson Laboratory, USA and initially inbred to obtain homozygote PGC-1αmice. The PGC-1αconditional mice were further crossed with Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES-EGFP transgenic mice to achieve specific knockout of PGC-1α in the GABAergic interneuron.

RESULTSThe offspring with specific knockout PGC-1α gene were successful for the generation of GABAergic interneuron, with the resulting genotype being PGC-1α.

CONCLUSIONThe PGC-1αmice were obtained through a proper crossing strategy, which has provided a suitable platform for studying the function of PGC-1α in neuropsychiatric diseases.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Interneurons ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)among extreme-ly preterm infants,and to evaluate the treatment methods and effects among those with severe ROP.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze incidence of ROP in 96 cases of extremely preterm infants who were born at a gestational age of 〈28 weeks and survived beyond a postmenstrual age of at least 1 year from Apr 2006 to Oct 2013,and to analyze the treatment outcomes of photocoagulation and ranibizum-ab intravitreal injection among the infants with severe ROP.Results Fifty-six of 96 cases(58.33%)grew into ROP finally and 21 cases(21.88%)grew into severe ROP,2 cases(2.08%)grew into aggressive poste-rior ROP.Fifteen cases with severe ROP were treated with laser photocoagulation.Four cases with severe ROP were received ranibizumab intravitreal injection prior to photocoagulation.Two cases with severe ROP were only treated with ranibizumab intravitreal injection.The eyesight of 96 patients (100%)in this study were all preserved.Conclusion ROP screening should focus on extremely preterm infants because of higher incidence of ROP and severe ROP among them.The infants with severe ROP should be treated with laser photocoagulation in time.The infants in critical condition or with aggressive posterior ROP can be treated with ranibizumab injection.

BACKGROUND:The molecular mechanism of periprosthesis osteolysis is not yet completely clear. Periprosthetic osteolysis and absorption is the pathological and physiological process typical of artificial joint loosening. Interleukin-1 can affect bone resorption process through a mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of siRNA-induced interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 gene (IRAK-4) silence on MAPK expression in MG63 cells, which may provide experimental basis for treatment and prevention of periprosthesis osteolysis.
METHODS:The siRNA sequences of the target gene, IRAK-4, were constructed and transferred into MG63 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. There were three groups:blank group=MG63 cells, control group=MG63 cells transfected with scrambled IRAK-4siRNA, and silence group=MG63 cells transfected with specific IRAK-4 siRNA. The protein level of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) were detected by western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of IRAK-4 mRNA and protein in the silence group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. Compared with the blank and control groups, 48 hours after the transfection, IRAK-4 gene silencing in MG63 cells decreased protein expression of p-JNK1/2P46, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK (P<0.05). IRAK-4 silencing inhibited ERK, JNK and p38MAPK expression in osteoblast-like cells.

BACKGROUND: Acetabular cup orientation using a standard radiograph of the pelvis is quite common method to assess artificial hip replacement nowadays. Non-standardization of pelvic orientation affected accuracy of measurement results, and it is difficult to compare. OBJECTIVE: To make sure how pelvis tilting affect the anteveration of the cup and to elevate clinical accuracy and compare study comparability. METHODS: Designed a simulated acetabular cup with serial concentric circles which pass through the same polars and represent anteveration of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, Loaded the simulated acetabular cup at an inclination of 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55° to6 cadaver pelves, Made the pelves tilt around the frontal axis and sagittal axis with 5° each time in a scope of+30°. Takestandard radiograph of the pelvis accordingly. Radiograph was photographed end frontal angle of dip was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pelvic tilt of about 1° causes measuring errors of anteveration 0. 61 °-0. 73°. The anteveration decreased at both acetabular cups when pelvic posterior tilt and at the acetabular cup that near the X-ray source as pelvic lateral tilt. The anteveration rose at both acetabular cups when pelvic anterior tilt and at the acetabular cup that away from the X-ray source as pelvic lateral tilt. During clinical evaluation, pelvic orientation effects on measurement results should be considered.