Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

In previous studies,the two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes has been established.Subgingival flora and salivary flora are often used to explore the relationship between the microbiome in diabetes and periodontitis.In recent years,the development of sequencing technology has provided a broader and deeper approach to exploring the impact of diabetes on oral microbi-ome.This review aims to summarize the effects of diabetes on subgingival flora and salivary flora in patients with periodontitis,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The ultimate treatment goal of periodontitis is the structural and functional regeneration of periodontium. However, existing methods for periodontal regeneration have difficulties in regenerating the hierarchical structure. Therefore, stem cell-based tissue engineering has attracted more and more attention for its advantages of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential. This review summarized the progress of research on periodontal tissue regeneration by combined biomaterials of dental-derived stem cells. It is pointed out that the application of autologous stem cell transplantation is limited by the donor source, and the subsequent research should focus on the development of multi-phase scaffold materials and the attempt to establish a stem cell bank.

Objective: To study the effect of stem cell factor (SCF) on the angiogenic ability of cocultured dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods : This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The experiment was split into the HUVECs, SCF+HUVECs, DPSCs+HUVECs, and SCF+DPSCs+HUVECs groups. A mixture of SCF and culture medium was used to prepare a mixed culture medium with an SCF concentration of 100 ng/mL. In vitro coculture of DPSCs and HUVECs was performed at a 1∶5 ratio. CCK-8 proliferation assay was used to observe the proliferative capacity of cells in each group on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays were used to detect the effect of SCF on cell migration under either direct or indirect coculture conditions, respectively. In vitro angiogenesis experiments were performed to detect the angiogenic capacity of the cells in each group. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) concentration in the cell culture supernatant was detected using ELISAs, and the protein expression levels of CD31, CD34, and VEGFA were detected using Western blot analysis. Results : Wound healing and Transwell migration experiments showed that SCF significantly promoted the migration of cocultured DPSCs and HUVECs (P<0.05). The in vitro angiogenesis experiment showed that the number of branches and the total length of branches of tubular structures in the SCF+DPSCs+HUVECs group were significantly greater than those of the other groups (P<0.05), and the expression levels of the vascular-related proteins CD31, CD34, and VEGFA in this group were greater (P<0.01). Conclusion SCF can enhance the migration and in vitro angiogenesis of cocultured DPSCs and HUVECs.

OBJECTIVETo generate mice which are specific for peroxisomproliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1(PGC-1α) knockout in the GABAergic interneuron.

METHODSConditional mice specific for PGC-1αwere introduced from the Jackson Laboratory, USA and initially inbred to obtain homozygote PGC-1αmice. The PGC-1αconditional mice were further crossed with Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES-EGFP transgenic mice to achieve specific knockout of PGC-1α in the GABAergic interneuron.

RESULTSThe offspring with specific knockout PGC-1α gene were successful for the generation of GABAergic interneuron, with the resulting genotype being PGC-1α.

CONCLUSIONThe PGC-1αmice were obtained through a proper crossing strategy, which has provided a suitable platform for studying the function of PGC-1α in neuropsychiatric diseases.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Interneurons ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the curative effects of old age severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients inhaled Glucocorticoids with the special devices (Turbuhaler).Methods Seventy-six cases of elderly patients with severe acute exacerbation of COPD patients (53 males,23 females) were divided into experimental group(n =38) and control group(n =38),respectively,according to the random number table.In 10 days of therapy,patients of experimental group inhaled budesonide powder of inhalation 0.2 mg twice daily;Control group inhaled oxygen atomization budesonide suspension 1mg twice daily.The changes of panting symptom were observed.Three months followed-up,the test team inhaled budesonide powder of inhalation 1 mg twice daily,control group stopped inhaling drugs,all patients of panting symptom were observed,also were six-minutes walking distance,the frequency of acute exacerbation and adverse reaction.Intent and compliance program data analysis were performed of the experimental data.Results At the end of the stage of therapy,panting symptom of two group patients were all improved (F =8.746,7.952 respectively,P ＜ 0.05) ; Wheezing score between the two groups 1,5,10 days of treatment differences were not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).But the incidence rate of adverse reaction in experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group(x2 =11.372,P ＜0.01),and the treatment costs of test team was significantly lower than that of control group(t =4.573,P ＜ 0.01).At the start of the follow-up period (week 0),two groups of acute exacerbation frequency,wheezing,peak expiratory flow and 6 minutes walking distance had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).When follow-up period was at tne end of 12 weeks.The test group of patients with acute exacerbation frequency was significantly lower than the control group(aF within grouP =9.343,aF between groups =16.343,the aF interaction =20.017 ; P ＜ 0.05),wheezing in the control group was significantly mitigate (bF within group =8.537,b F between groups =11.453,bF interaction =13.071 ; P ＜ 0.05),and peak expiratory flow rate than the control group improved significantly (cF within group =9.015,cF between groups =12.426,cF interaction =14.852 ;P ＜ 0.05),6 min walking distance increased significantly compared with the control group (d F within group =12.263,d F between groups =21.371,d F interactive =24.651 ; P ＜ 0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Elderly patients with moderate to severe COPD inhaled Glucocorticoids,with the special devices(Turbuhaler),not only in acute exacerbation stage the panting symptom was controlled; but also in stable phase the frequency of acute exacerbation was decreased,and the exercise tolerance was improved.Curative effect is obvious withsafety and well-tolerated.

Objective To explore the curative effect of inhaled tiotropium upon patients of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension.Methods A total of 76 patients (Male/Female =51/25) of stable COPD complicated with pulmonary hypertension were recruited from January 2010 to June 2011.According to table of random digit,they were divided into test group (n =38,M/F =26/12) and control group (n =38,M/F =25/13).Patients of control group inhaled formoterol powder 4.5 μg bid,took oral theophylline sustained-release tablets 0.1 g hid.According to the demand of patient's condition,anti-infective agents and sticky phlegm lyticagent were used.Patients of test group inhaled tiotropium dry powder (18 μg,qd) in addition to the above regimen.All changes in six-minute walk test (SMWT),pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and panting symptom score were recorded at the end of 16 weeks and compared with the baseline.The primary endpoint was the changes in exercise capacity as assessed by SMWT and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure.Safety and tolerance were also investigated.Intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed.Results After a follow-up period of 16 weeks,both pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and panting symptom score decreased and SMWT walking distance increased (45 ± 16) m in the test group.Compared with the control group,the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05) and obvious adverse reaction did not occur.Conclusions For patients of stable COPD complicated with pulmonary hypertension,inhaled tiotropium dry powder decreases pulmonary pressure to various extents and improves exercise tolerance and panting symptom.And tolerance is satisfactory.