ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic mechanism of Xihuang Wan for hyperplasia of mammary glands based on network pharmacology， molecular docking， and cell experiments. MethodsThe active ingredients and targets of Xihuang Wan were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and A Bioinformatics Annotation daTabase for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） and supplemented by searching against PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. The targets of differential metabolites in tissues and urine were obtained from previous metabolomics studies through PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， PharmGKB， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， Drunbank were searched for the targets of hyperplasia of mammary glands. After the common targets were obtained via Veeny2.1.0， the STRING database was used to analyze the protein-protein interactions， and Cytoscape was used for the core target analysis and visualization. Gene Ontology （GO） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） were employed for enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was carried out in Autodock， and cell experiments were conducted to verify the prediction results. In the cell experiments， estradiol and progesterone （E₂+P） were used to intervene in human mammary epithelial/MCF-10A cells， and thus the MCF-10A cell proliferation model was established. The cells were then treated with Xihuang Wan-medicated serum. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to measure the cell proliferation， and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels of key factors in MCF-10A cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively. ResultsThe results of network pharmacology showed that 90 active ingredients and 316 common targets were obtained， from which 20 core targets and 38 corresponding active ingredients were screened out. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that Xihuang Wan exerted effect against hyperplasia of mammary glands by regulating a variety of biological processes， which may be related to protein kinase B （Akt）-related molecular functions， estrogen signaling pathway， prolactin signaling pathway and other biological processes. The results of molecular docking showed that estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1）， serine/threonine kinase 1 （Akt1）， non-receptor tyrosine kinase （SRC）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） all had strong binding activity with the nine active ingredients， suggesting that Xihuang Wan exert the effect through the ESR1/SRC/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway and the Janus kinase （JAK）/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results of cell experiments showed that E₂+P intervention in MCF-10A cells promoted the proliferation of MCF-10A cells （P<0.05）， while the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum inhibited the proliferation of MCF-10A cells exposed to E₂+P （P<0.05）. Flow cytometry showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum promoted the apoptosis of MCF-10A cells exposed to E₂+P （P<0.01）. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum down-regulated the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， JAK2， and STAT3 in MCF-10A cells treated with E₂+P （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum inhibited the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， p-JAK2/JAK2， and p-STAT3/STAT3 in MCF-10A cells treated with E₂+P （P<0.05）. ConclusionXihuang Wan may exert the effect against hyperplasia of mammary glands by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of MCF-10A cells， which may related to the inhibition of the activation of PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic surgery in the treatment of fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA).Methods:Clinical data of FAVA patients who underwent endoscopic treatment admitted to Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital from October 1, 2019 to April 1, 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age of onset, age of diagnosis, lesion location, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stays, incision complications, etc. Before endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound were routinely used to locate the lesion range, and the surgical position and Trocar location were selected according to different lesion sites.Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0.Results:40 cases of FAVA patients were admitted during the period, all of whom underwent endoscopic radical resection, including 15 males and 25 females. The age of onset was 8 (6, 12.5) years. The age of diagnosis was 11 (8, 22.5) years. There were 31 patients with stage Ⅰ and 9 patients with stage Ⅱ. 31 cases involved the calf, of which 21 involved the calf triceps (gastrocnemius, soleus) and 9 involved the thigh, of which 1 patient had lesions originating from the fascia around the sciatic neurovascular bundle. 11 cases (27.5%) were converted to open surgery. The operative time was 192.5 (107, 292.5) min. The intraoperative blood loss was 35 (10, 87.5) ml. The length of hospital stay for endoscopic surgery was 9 (7, 11) d. The postoperative follow-up time was 11.5 (3.5, 13.5) months. Of the 40 patients, 39 were cured completely without residual pain or joint movement disorder after operation. Postoperative dorsiflexion function of the ankle joint was mildly limited in one patient classified as stage Ⅱ. There was no incision complication and recurrence.Conclusion:For patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ FAVA, endoscopic surgery has concealed incisions, indistinct scars, definite therapeutic effects and high safety.

Objective:To evalaute the prevalence and determinants of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province.Methods:This study included in-school students aged 8-17 years and selected through stratified cluster random sampling in Jiangsu. Thyroid nodule was diagnosed when its diameter was ≥3 mm. Random urine samples were collected for the detection of urinary iodine concentration with arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by using χ2 test and logistic regression model. Results:In the 8 201 children and adolescents selected, the thyroid nodule detection rate was 16.10%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with those with urinary iodine levels of 100-299 μg/L, boys, those with normal body weight, those who were satisfied with their school performance, urinary iodine concentration ≥300 μg/L ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31), being girls ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.26-1.60), being overweight ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.50), being obese ( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47), and dissatisfied with school performance ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.43) were associated with higher likelihood of thyroid nodule detection. Children and adolescents who had solid snacks 2 times per week to 2 times per month ( OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) or less than 2 times per month ( OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93) were more likely to have lower detection rate compared with those who had solid snacks more than 2 times per week. The detection rate of thyroid nodule increased with age ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.11). Conclusion:The main factors influencing the detection rate of thyroid nodule in children and adolescents aged 8-17 years in Jiangsu included gender, age, urinary iodine concentration, BMI, self-assessed school performance and dietary habit.

The emergence of AlphaFold has catalyzed a paradigm shift in protein structure prediction, redefining the landscape of computational biology through its iterative evolution. The developmental trajectory spans three transformative iterations: the foundational AlphaFold prototype, its revolutionary successor AlphaFold2, and the recently unveiled AlphaFold3. AlphaFold2 marked a quantum leap in 2020 by introducing an end-to-end deep learning architecture that achieved atomic-level accuracy, decisively solving the decades-old protein folding problem as demonstrated by its unprecedented performance at CASP14 (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction). Building upon this framework, AlphaFold3 represents an evolutionary leap, expanding predictive capabilities to model intricate biomolecular complexes including ligand-protein binding interfaces and nucleic acid interactions.These advancements have unlocked transformative applications across multiple domains: enabling rapid proteome-scale structural annotations in structural biology, accelerating virtual screening pipelines in drug discovery, and facilitating viral protein characterization in emerging virology research. However, persistent limitations in modeling conformational dynamics and transient binding states underscore the need for continued methodological refinement. This comprehensive analysis examines the algorithmic innovations driving AlphaFold′s progression, evaluates its multidisciplinary applications, and critically assesses current technical constraints-providing a framework to guide future developments at the intersection of artificial intelligence and molecular bioscience.

Objective To explore the factors that may influence the operation time and complications of endoscopic unilateral thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach.Methods Clinical data of 203 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic unilateral thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach from December 2022 to November 2023 were collected.Results Gender,BMI,TG,glandular lobe volume,number of lesions,and benign and malignant tumors affected the length of surgery;Among them,male,BMI＞19.45 kg/m2 and glandular lobe volume＞9.25 mL were independent influences on the length of surgery(P＜0.05).TG and tumor maximal diameter affected the occurrence of complications;There was no independent influence factor.Conclusion Female patients with BMI≤19.45 kg/m2 and glandular lobe volume ≤ 9.25 mL(which can be measured preoperatively by 3D slicer)are relatively less difficult to perform the procedure and may be more suitable for beginners to learn.

Objective To explore the associations of dietary patterns with bone mineral density(BMD)and osteoporosis(OP)in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA)in south China,identify the dietary patterns that could reduce the risk of OP,and provide a reference for prevention of OP.Methods Data from 600 KOA patients who were enrolled in the Pearl River Osteoarthritis Cohort(PROC)between April 2020 and April 2024 were extracted,including general characteristics,dietary questionnaire and BMD test.Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns.Scores of dietary pattern were treated as continuous or categorical variables(quartile-based groups).Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations between scores of dietary pattern and BMD,while the relationships with OP were analysed by binary logistic regression.Results The prevalence of OP in KOA patients was 19.8%.Factor analysis extracted eight dietary patterns:seafood-nuts,livestock-poultry meats,coarse grains-fruits,wheat-eggs,fish-dairy-vegetables,legumes-fruits,rice-wheat flour,and soy-dairy.After adjusting for confounders,it was found that the pattern of coarse grains-fruits was positively correlated with the BMD of left femoral neck and lumbar spine(P<0.01)and the fish-dairy-vegetables pattern was positively correlated with the BMD of lumbar spine(P<0.01).When pattern scores were discretized into quartiles,the legumes-fruits pattern(Q3 vs.Q1)was found in association with a 68.2%reduction in the risk of OP(P<0.05).Conclusion This study has identified that the pattern of legumes-fruits may lower a risk of OP,while the patterns of coarse grains-fruits and fish-dairy-vegetables correlate with higher BMD.The diet patterns are potentially beneficial to prevention of OP.For bone health,a balanced diet rich in legumes,fruits,vegetables,coarse grains,fish,nuts and dairy is recommended.

Objective To explore the factors that may influence the operation time and complications of endoscopic unilateral thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach.Methods Clinical data of 203 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic unilateral thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach from December 2022 to November 2023 were collected.Results Gender,BMI,TG,glandular lobe volume,number of lesions,and benign and malignant tumors affected the length of surgery;Among them,male,BMI＞19.45 kg/m2 and glandular lobe volume＞9.25 mL were independent influences on the length of surgery(P＜0.05).TG and tumor maximal diameter affected the occurrence of complications;There was no independent influence factor.Conclusion Female patients with BMI≤19.45 kg/m2 and glandular lobe volume ≤ 9.25 mL(which can be measured preoperatively by 3D slicer)are relatively less difficult to perform the procedure and may be more suitable for beginners to learn.

Objective:To evalaute the prevalence and determinants of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province.Methods:This study included in-school students aged 8-17 years and selected through stratified cluster random sampling in Jiangsu. Thyroid nodule was diagnosed when its diameter was ≥3 mm. Random urine samples were collected for the detection of urinary iodine concentration with arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by using χ2 test and logistic regression model. Results:In the 8 201 children and adolescents selected, the thyroid nodule detection rate was 16.10%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with those with urinary iodine levels of 100-299 μg/L, boys, those with normal body weight, those who were satisfied with their school performance, urinary iodine concentration ≥300 μg/L ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31), being girls ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.26-1.60), being overweight ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.50), being obese ( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47), and dissatisfied with school performance ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.43) were associated with higher likelihood of thyroid nodule detection. Children and adolescents who had solid snacks 2 times per week to 2 times per month ( OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) or less than 2 times per month ( OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93) were more likely to have lower detection rate compared with those who had solid snacks more than 2 times per week. The detection rate of thyroid nodule increased with age ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.11). Conclusion:The main factors influencing the detection rate of thyroid nodule in children and adolescents aged 8-17 years in Jiangsu included gender, age, urinary iodine concentration, BMI, self-assessed school performance and dietary habit.

Objective To explore the associations of dietary patterns with bone mineral density(BMD)and osteoporosis(OP)in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA)in south China,identify the dietary patterns that could reduce the risk of OP,and provide a reference for prevention of OP.Methods Data from 600 KOA patients who were enrolled in the Pearl River Osteoarthritis Cohort(PROC)between April 2020 and April 2024 were extracted,including general characteristics,dietary questionnaire and BMD test.Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns.Scores of dietary pattern were treated as continuous or categorical variables(quartile-based groups).Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations between scores of dietary pattern and BMD,while the relationships with OP were analysed by binary logistic regression.Results The prevalence of OP in KOA patients was 19.8%.Factor analysis extracted eight dietary patterns:seafood-nuts,livestock-poultry meats,coarse grains-fruits,wheat-eggs,fish-dairy-vegetables,legumes-fruits,rice-wheat flour,and soy-dairy.After adjusting for confounders,it was found that the pattern of coarse grains-fruits was positively correlated with the BMD of left femoral neck and lumbar spine(P<0.01)and the fish-dairy-vegetables pattern was positively correlated with the BMD of lumbar spine(P<0.01).When pattern scores were discretized into quartiles,the legumes-fruits pattern(Q3 vs.Q1)was found in association with a 68.2%reduction in the risk of OP(P<0.05).Conclusion This study has identified that the pattern of legumes-fruits may lower a risk of OP,while the patterns of coarse grains-fruits and fish-dairy-vegetables correlate with higher BMD.The diet patterns are potentially beneficial to prevention of OP.For bone health,a balanced diet rich in legumes,fruits,vegetables,coarse grains,fish,nuts and dairy is recommended.

The emergence of AlphaFold has catalyzed a paradigm shift in protein structure prediction, redefining the landscape of computational biology through its iterative evolution. The developmental trajectory spans three transformative iterations: the foundational AlphaFold prototype, its revolutionary successor AlphaFold2, and the recently unveiled AlphaFold3. AlphaFold2 marked a quantum leap in 2020 by introducing an end-to-end deep learning architecture that achieved atomic-level accuracy, decisively solving the decades-old protein folding problem as demonstrated by its unprecedented performance at CASP14 (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction). Building upon this framework, AlphaFold3 represents an evolutionary leap, expanding predictive capabilities to model intricate biomolecular complexes including ligand-protein binding interfaces and nucleic acid interactions.These advancements have unlocked transformative applications across multiple domains: enabling rapid proteome-scale structural annotations in structural biology, accelerating virtual screening pipelines in drug discovery, and facilitating viral protein characterization in emerging virology research. However, persistent limitations in modeling conformational dynamics and transient binding states underscore the need for continued methodological refinement. This comprehensive analysis examines the algorithmic innovations driving AlphaFold′s progression, evaluates its multidisciplinary applications, and critically assesses current technical constraints-providing a framework to guide future developments at the intersection of artificial intelligence and molecular bioscience.