BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of particulate matter 2.5 （PM_2.5）-induced dry eye and investigate whether Chufeng Yisuntang can ameliorate the PM_2.5-induced ocular surface damage by regulating the reactive oxygen species （ROS）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used. Ten were randomly selected as the control group. The remaining 50 mice received topical instillation of 1 drop （0.1 mL） of 5 g·L^-1 PM_2.5 suspension in both eyes， four times daily. Successfully modeled mice were randomized into four groups （n=10）： Model， p38 MAPK inhibitor， Chufeng Yisuntang， and combination （Chufeng Yisuntang at 7.3 g·kg^-1 + p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 at 5 mg·kg^-1）. Chufeng Yisuntang was administered via gavage， and the inhibitor group via intraperitoneal injection. The control and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water by gavage. All treatments lasted for 4 weeks. General conditions were dynamically observed. Tear secretion， tear film break-up time， and corneal fluorescein staining were assessed. After intervention for 4 weeks， hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to examine the histopathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure serum levels of ROS， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） 1， and SOD2. Western blot and Real-time PCR were employed to determine the protein and gene levels， respectively， of p38 MAPK， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3） in the corneal tissue. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited reduced tear secretion volume and tear film breakup time， along with increased corneal fluorescein staining scores （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Chufeng Yisuntang group， p38 MAPK inhibitor group， and combination group demonstrated increased tear secretion volume and tear film breakup time， along with decreased corneal fluorescein staining scores （P<0.01）. HE staining revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited marked increases in corneal epithelial cell layers and epithelial thickness， along with reduced meibomian gland acini and intensely stained， densely packed nuclei around the acini. Compared with the model group， the Chufeng Yisuntang group， p38 MAPK inhibitor group， and combination group showed intact corneal structure， improved cell morphology， and reduced damage severity. ELISA revealed elevated ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01） and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels （P<0.01） in the model group compared with the control group. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination lowered ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01）， while raising SOD1 and SOD2 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited increased protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01） and reduced protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination down-regulated the protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， while up-regulating the protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the Chufeng Yisuntang group， the combination group exhibited decreased protein levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01） and increased protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Real-time PCR revealed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited upregulated mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， and downregulated mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Chufeng Yisuntang， p38 MAPK inhibitor， and the combination down-regulated the mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）， while up-regulating the mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Chufeng Yisuntang group， the combination group exhibited decreased mRNA levels of p38 MAPK， Bax， and Caspase-3 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01） and increased mRNA level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionChufeng Yisuntang may partially protect against PM_2.5-induced corneal injury by inhibiting the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway， enhancing antioxidant defense， and reducing epithelial apoptosis.

This study analyzed the burden and trends in enteric infections in China from 1990 to 2021 from a One Health perspec-tive.Data on mortality associated with enteric infections were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.The analysis focused on assessing the mortality rates of enteric infectious diseases attributed to various etiologies and risk factors,along with the age and sex distribution,from 1990 to 2021.Average annual percentage change(AAPC)was used to assess the total changes in disease burden.The age-standardized mortality rate of intestinal infections in China decreased from 9.642/100 000 in 1990 to 0.439/100 000 in 2021,with an AAPC of-57.103%(95%CI:-57.118%to-57.088%).In 2021,Rotavirus,Norovirus,and Crypto-sporidium were the top three etiologies contributing to disease burden,with mortality rates of 1.020/100 000,0.040/100 000 and 0.079/100 000,respectively.A significant variation in etiology distribution was observed across age groups:Rotavirus,Shigella,and Crypto-sporidium dominated among children under 5 years of age,whereas Cryptosporidium,Norovirus,and Clostridioides difficile were more prevalent in older populations.Risk factor analysis indicated that unsafe water sources and poor sanitation accounted for 73.394%of all enteric disease-related deaths.In conclusion,the burden of enteric infections in China markedly declined from 1990 to 2021,and sig-nificant variations in the etiological spectrum and disease burden were observed across age groups.The persistent effects of unsafe wa-ter sources and poor sanitation underscore the need for targeted interventions to further decrease the burden of these diseases.Our find-ings highlight the success of public health interventions in decreasing the burden of enteric infections in China,while emphasizing the need for targeted measures to address disparities in high-risk populations and improve environmental sanitation.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of CXC chemokine ligand 4(CXCL4),CXC receptor 3 chemokine(CXCR3)for postoperative cerebral vasospasm(CVS)in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with intracranial aneurysms rupture who under went craniotomy and clipping surgery at the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from October 2020 to December 2022 were collected.The incidence of CVS was observed.Serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 levels were compared at 1,3,7 days after surgery between patients without CVS and patients with CVS.Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between serum CXCL4,CXCR3 levels and CVS degree.ROC curve was used to analyze the value of serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 levels in predicting postoperative CVS.Results Among 106 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms,a total of 38 cases(35.85%)developed CVS after surgery,and 68 cases(64.15%)did not develop CVS.There was no statistically obvious difference in preoperative serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 between the CVS group and the non CVS group(t=0.104,0.141,all P>0.05).The serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the non CVS group were lower than those before surgery 1,3,and 7 day after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(q=14.867,17.525,24.384;16.274,20.251,34.237,all P<0.05).Compated with preoperative levels,the levels of serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the CVS group decreased on postoperative 1 and 7 days,and the differences were statistically significant(q=9.486,4.858;10.760,9.104,all P<0.05).Compared with the mild CVS group,the serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the moderate and severe CVS groups were obviously increased(q=2.982,5.992;2.961,3.465),and the serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the severe CVS group were higher than those in the moderate CVS group(q=3.564,4.036),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Spearman results showed that serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 were positively correlated with the severity of CVS(r=0.491,0.483,all P<0.05).The ROC curve results showed that the AUC of CXCL4 and CXCR3 combined in predicting postoperative CVS in patients with intracranial ruptured aneurysms was higher than that of CXCL4,CXCR3 alone,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.937,2.750,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in ruptured intracranial aneurysms patients with postoperative CVS are obviously elevated,and the combined detection of the two can effectively predict the occurrence of CVS.

The observation of eye expression is an important aspect of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis.Traditional Chinese medicine proposes the original proposition that"the eyes are the messenger of the heart",suggesting that eye expression reflects the external manifestation of mental consciousness and cognitive activities.Research has shown that eye expression can directly reflect brain function and cognitive abilities,serving as a biological marker for pathological changes in brain structure and playing an important role in early diagnosis of mental disorders.In recent years,scholars have paid increasing attention to eye tracking technology as an objective tool for measuring eye expression.This paper outlines the theoretical basis of using traditional Chinese medicine's observation of eye expression for diagnosing mental disorders,and analyzes the current application status of eye tracking technology in diagnosing conditions such as depression,schizophrenia,and autism spectrum disorder.It is hoped that this review will provide insights for future research on applying objective methods to traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis through observing eye expressions.

Objective:To investigate the genetic causes of fetuses with abnormal nasal bone development in early pregnancy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted which involved 422 cases of singleton pregnancies with nasal bone development abnormalities indicated by ultrasound screening at 11 to 13 weeks and 6 days of gestation, who underwent chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis at the Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Center, Maternity & Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2015 to May 2023. All cases underwent chromosomal karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) analysis. Based on whether other abnormal ultrasound indicators were present, the cases were divided into isolated (175 cases) and non-isolated groups (247 cases). The results of invasive prenatal diagnosis, distribution of chromosomal abnormalities, detection of copy number variation (CNV) in fetuses with nasal bone development abnormalities, the relationship between maternal age, number of abnormal ultrasound indicators and chromosomal abnormalities, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test (continuity correction Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test). Results:(1) Among the 422 cases, 262 cases (62.1%) showed no abnormalities with both detection techniques; 160 cases had abnormalities, including 145 cases (34.4%) had consistent abnormal results and types of abnormalies with the two techniques; two cases (0.5%) had chromosomal translocations detected by karyotype analysis but not by SNP-array analysis; 13 cases (3.1%) had no abnormalities detected by karyotype analysis but had abnormal SNP-array results. This study's overall detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 37.9% (160/422), with an additional detection rate of 4.7% (13/275) using SNP-array technology. (2) Among the 160 cases of chromosomal abnormalities, there were 140 cases of aneuploidy, 18 cases of CNV, and two cases of chromosomal translocation. The overall detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities and the detection of aneuploidy, and pathogenic CNV in the non-isolated group was higher than that in the isolated group [74.3% (130/175) vs. 12.1% (30/247), χ2=168.02; 68.0% (119/175) vs. 8.5% (21/247), χ2=163.56; 5.7% (10/175) vs. 0.8% (2/247), χ2=4.74; all P<0.05]. Eighteen cases of CNV were detected using SNP-array technology, including eight cases in the isolated group and ten cases in the non-isolated group. (3) The age of the 422 pregnant women was (33.1±5.4) years. In both isolated and non-isolated groups, the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was higher in women of advanced age (expected delivery age ≥35 years) than those not [isolated group: 20.0% (17/85) vs. 8.6% (14/162), χ2=6.55; non-isolated group: 82.1% (69/84) vs. 65.9% (60/91), χ2=5.92; both P=0.010]; regardless of maternal age, the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in the non-isolated group was significantly higher than that in the isolated group ( χ2 were 65.28 and 92.42, respectively, both P<0.001). (4) In the non-isolated group, the detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities were 69.0% (78/113) and 83.9% (52/62) when nasal bone abnormalities were combined with one or more other abnormal ultrasound indicators, respectively. When combined with increased nuchal translucency, the detection rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities was 73.2% (71/97), higher than the detection rate when combined with other single indicators (7/16) ( χ2=5.57, P=0.020). (5) Among the 262 cases with negative karyotype analysis and SNP-array results, 241 cases (92.0%) resulted in live births, with a gestational age at delivery of 39 weeks (32-41 weeks); 12 cases (4.6%) resulted in induced labor, five cases (1.9%) resulted in miscarriage, and four cases (1.5%) were lost to follow-up. The live birth rate in the isolated group was higher than that in the non-isolated group [86.9% (213/245) vs. 20.2% (35/173), χ2=187.00, P<0.001]. Conclusions:Fetuses with nasal bone developmental abnormalities in early pregnancy have a higher detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities and CNV. Invasive prenatal diagnosis is recommended for cases of nasal bone developmental abnormalities in early pregnancy, whether isolated or non-isolated. When combined with other abnormal indicators, the genetic etiology of the fetus is more complex, and detailed genetic counseling should be provided to the patient.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between macrophage activation related factors and clini-cal symptoms of schizophrenia(SCZ).Methods:Outpatient or inpatient SCZ patients(n=166)and normal con-trols(n=71)meeting the diagnostic criteria of DSM 4th edition were selected as subjects.The psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),and the concentrations of α-Na-Galases,MAF and IL-18 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The correlation be-tween biological indicators and clinical symptoms was analyzed and the mediation effect was tested.Results:The concentrations of α-NaGalases(P＜0.001)and MAF(P＜0.01)in SCZ group were lower than those in normal control group.In SCZ group,IL-18 was negatively correlated with α-NaGalases concentration(r=-0.24,P＜0.01).α-NaGalases was positively correlated with MAF concentration(r=0.67,P＜0.001),and the total score of PANSS positive symptom scale was positively correlated with IL-18(r=0.21,P＜0.05)and MAF concentration(r=0.22,P＜0.01).The mediating effect of α-NaGalases and MAF was statistically significant,and the relative mediating effect accounted for 25.47％.Conclusion:The increase of IL-18 level may indicate the occurrence of positive symptoms of schizophrenia,and α-NaGalases and MAF may negatively regulate the inflammatory damage effect of IL-18 on SCZ,thereby reducing the positive symptoms.

This study analyzed the burden and trends in enteric infections in China from 1990 to 2021 from a One Health perspec-tive.Data on mortality associated with enteric infections were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.The analysis focused on assessing the mortality rates of enteric infectious diseases attributed to various etiologies and risk factors,along with the age and sex distribution,from 1990 to 2021.Average annual percentage change(AAPC)was used to assess the total changes in disease burden.The age-standardized mortality rate of intestinal infections in China decreased from 9.642/100 000 in 1990 to 0.439/100 000 in 2021,with an AAPC of-57.103%(95%CI:-57.118%to-57.088%).In 2021,Rotavirus,Norovirus,and Crypto-sporidium were the top three etiologies contributing to disease burden,with mortality rates of 1.020/100 000,0.040/100 000 and 0.079/100 000,respectively.A significant variation in etiology distribution was observed across age groups:Rotavirus,Shigella,and Crypto-sporidium dominated among children under 5 years of age,whereas Cryptosporidium,Norovirus,and Clostridioides difficile were more prevalent in older populations.Risk factor analysis indicated that unsafe water sources and poor sanitation accounted for 73.394%of all enteric disease-related deaths.In conclusion,the burden of enteric infections in China markedly declined from 1990 to 2021,and sig-nificant variations in the etiological spectrum and disease burden were observed across age groups.The persistent effects of unsafe wa-ter sources and poor sanitation underscore the need for targeted interventions to further decrease the burden of these diseases.Our find-ings highlight the success of public health interventions in decreasing the burden of enteric infections in China,while emphasizing the need for targeted measures to address disparities in high-risk populations and improve environmental sanitation.

Aim To verify the therapeutic effect of the Qushi Huoxue decoction(QSHXF)on a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)using network pharmacology and experimental approaches,to examine the changes in the PI3K-AKT-lipid metabo-lism signaling pathway,and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods The potential active ingredi-ents and targets of the QSHXF were identified using the TCMSP platform.NAFLD-related genes were sourced from the GeneCards,PharmGkb,TTD,and OMIM data-bases.The intersection of drug targets and NAFLD treatment targets was analyzed to identify the key tar-gets of the QSHXF in treating NAFLD.The STRING database and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software were utilized to construct networks linking traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients to disease targets and PPI networks,allowing for the screening of key active ingredients and core targets.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the intersecting targets were conducted using R version 4.2.2.The NAFLD model was established by feeding mice a methionine-choline deficient diet for a duration of five weeks.Following successful modeling,low,me-dium,and high doses of the QSHXF were administered for intervention over a period of six weeks.The efficacy was verified and the underlying mechanisms were ex-plored using methods such as HE staining,Oil Red O staining,and Western blot analysis.Results The net-work pharmacology prediction indicated that QSHXF might effectively treat NAFLD through key components such as quercetin and kaempferol,as well as core tar-gets including STAT3,AKT1,and HIF1A.KEGG en-richment analysis further suggested that QSHXF might exert its therapeutic effects on NAFLD via signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE and PI3K-AKT.Verifi-cation through animal experiments demonstrated that QSHXF could significantly reduce hepatic steatosis and lipid droplet accumulation in NAFLD mice.Specifical-ly,it markedly decreased serum levels of TC,TG,ALT,AST,and LDL,while increasing HDL levels.Addition-ally,the treatment significantly reduced the protein ex-pression levels of p-PI3K,p-AKT,SREBP-1c,FASN,and ACC1 in the liver.Conclusions QSHXF can sig-nificantly enhance liver function,improve blood lipid levels,and alleviate hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice,with its mechanism potentially linked to the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-lipid metabolism signaling pathway.