Objective: Toric intraocular lens implantation has been used to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. The study aimed to compare the visual outcomes between manual vs markerless toric intraocular lens implantation in astigmatic correction. Methods: The medical records of patients at American Eye Center who underwent phacoemulsification by multiple surgeons with insertion of monofocal or multifocal toric lenses via manual marking and markerless method from 2010-2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Results showed no significant difference in the following characteristics between manual and markerless method at one month and two months post-cataract surgery: uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near vision acuity (UNVA), corrected near vision acuity (CNVA), refraction spherical equivalent. The UDVA, CDVA, UNVA, CNVA and astigmatism had significantly lower median/mean-rank at one and two months postoperatively compared to preoperative values. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings indicated that both manual-based and markerless systems effectively facilitated accurate placement of the toric IOL on the desired axis. Notably, there was no significant difference observed between the two methods. Both systems are straightforward to execute. In low-resource settings like the Philippines, the manual marking method can be employed when markerless guidance equipment is unavailable.
Phacoemulsification ; Astigmatism ; Philippines

Objective: To report a case of a suture-related corneal abscess caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus on a phacoemulsification corneal incision. Method: This is a case report. Results: An elderly female underwent complicated phacoemulsification surgery on the left eye requiring sutures to seal the corneal incisions. Suture removal was incomplete at the side port, and a suture abscess developed after 9 weeks. Cultures revealed heavy growth of Enterococcus casseliflavus which was initially treated with an empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic (levofloxacin 1.5%) administered via intrastromal and subconjunctival injections, followed by culture-guided topical and oral medications. The corneal infection resolved but significant corneal thinning led to perforation, requiring a modified Gunderson flap procedure to repair the defect. Conclusion Intrastromal and subconjuctival injection of levofloxacin 1.5% may be a viable empiric treatment option for Enterococcus casseliflavus suture-related corneal abscess.
Phacoemulsification

OBJECTIVE

Toric intraocular lens implantation has been used to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. The study aimed to compare the visual outcomes between manual vs markerless toric intraocular lens implantation in astigmatic correction.

The medical records of patients at American Eye Center who underwent phacoemulsification by multiple surgeons with insertion of monofocal or multifocal toric lenses via manual marking and markerless method from 2010-2019 were reviewed.

A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Results showed no significant difference in the following characteristics between manual and markerless method at one month and two months post-cataract surgery: uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near vision acuity (UNVA), corrected near vision acuity (CNVA), refraction spherical equivalent. The UDVA, CDVA, UNVA, CNVA and astigmatism had significantly lower median/mean-rank at one and two months postoperatively compared to preoperative values.

In conclusion, our findings indicated that both manual-based and markerless systems effectively facilitated accurate placement of the toric IOL on the desired axis. Notably, there was no significant difference observed between the two methods. Both systems are straightforward to execute. In low-resource settings like the Philippines, the manual marking method can be employed when markerless guidance equipment is unavailable.

Objective: To present a case of neovascular glaucoma secondary to ocular ischemic syndrome following an uncomplicated phacoemulsification Methods: This is a case description of a 74-year-old male who developed blurred vision and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) two months after an uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation of the left eye. There was iris neovascularization with absence of retinal dot/blot hemorrhages or neovascularization. The fluorescein angiogram (FA) showed delayed choroidal fluorescence and arteriovenous time. IOP-lowering medications and intravitreal injection of aflibercept were given. Carotid doppler test showed 70% stenosis of the ipsilateral artery but a subsequent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) did not show evidence of significant stenosis. Results: At his last consultation, visual acuity improved to counting fingers. IOP was maintained at 12 mmHg with one anti-glaucoma medication. Conclusion Ocular ischemia can confound the outcome of an uncomplicated cataract surgery. Doppler scans are usually chosen as the first-line exam for those suspected of carotid stenosis but, at times, may have contradictory results with MRA.
Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: In this study, we evaluated changes in the anterior chamber structure and lens position before and after phacoemulsification in eyes grouped by axial length (AL).METHODS: This study included 65 eyes (16 short eyes [AL < 22.5 mm], 33 normal eyes [22.5 mm < AL < 25.0 mm], and 16 long eyes [AL > 25.5 mm]) that underwent cataract surgery. Pre- and postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured using Pentacam® and IOL Master®,. In addition, we evaluated the anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), epithelium-iris distance, and iris-lens (intraocular lens [IOL]) distance.RESULTS: The change in ACD was significantly smaller in long eyes (Pentacam®,, p = 0.000; IOL Master®,, p = 0.001). The change in ACA was significantly larger in short eyes (p = 0.000), and the change in ACV was significantly smaller in long eyes (p = 0.000). The change in the epithelium–iris distance was significantly smaller in long eyes (p = 0.000), and the change in the iris-lens (IOL) distance was significantly smaller in short eyes (p = 0.000).CONCLUSIONS: In short eyes, changes in ACD, ACA, and ACV were found to be larger than those of other groups as the iris moved backward. In long eyes, greater backward movement of the IOL was observed. Therefore, the appropriate IOL power should be chosen, considering the postoperative position of the IOL during cataract surgery of short and long eyes.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Iris ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To report a patient with a pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) who underwent Descemet's membrane stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with manual preparation of the donor corneal graft.CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old female presented with visual disturbance in her right eye. Five months prior, she was treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens exchange surgery of the right eye, and a very severe corneal edema was revealed by slit-lamp examination. We diagnosed PBK and planned DSEK with manual preparation of a donor corneal graft because of the non-availability of a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser. After making the corneal graft using an artificial anterior chamber, crescent knife and cornea dissector, the keratoplasty proceeded using the graft. Three months after surgery, her graft was well-maintained on the right eye. The patient's visual acuity was 0.3, and the corneal endothelial cell count was 1,844/mm².CONCLUSIONS: Manual preparation of the donor corneal graft for DSEK is suitable as a second choice treatment method when the availability of surgical devices is limited.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Transplantation ; Descemet Membrane ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: We investigated how cataract surgery might influence long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) change in both healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who had had clear corneal phacoemulsification with a minimum of 12 months of follow up was performed. Glaucoma patients with medically controlled open-angle glaucoma and healthy subjects with no glaucoma were included in the analysis. The change of IOP after phacoemulsification and factors associated with postoperative IOP change were investigated. RESULTS: In total, 754 eyes of 754 patients, specifically 106 patients with glaucoma and 648 patients with no glaucoma (i.e., healthy subjects) were enrolled. The phacoemulsification effected a reduction of IOP: 1.03 ± 3.72 mmHg in healthy subjects and 1.08 ± 3.79 mmHg in glaucoma patients at postoperative 1 year (P = 0.656). There were negative coefficients of IOP until 1 year of follow up (all P < 0.001), but the IOP change gradually showed a less steeply decreasing slope (correlation coefficient: −0.993), compared with those for 1 week and 1 month of follow up (correlation coefficients: −1.893 and −1.540, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, age and preoperative IOP showed significant associations with postoperative IOP change (regression coefficients: −0.034 and 0.419 respectively, all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification resulted in IOP reduction, which effect regressed in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients over the course of long-term follow up. Therefore, long-term monitoring of IOP change is needed. In cases of higher preoperative IOP and young patients, phacoemulsification alone is a reliable option for IOP control.
Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To report a case of recurrent endophthalmitis due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus hemolyticus after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. CASE SUMMARY: A 76-year-old female visited our outpatient clinic with decreased vision 40 days after uncomplicated cataract surgery in her right eye. At the visit, anterior chamber inflammation and cloudy fluid between the posterior capsule and IOL were observed. Uveitis due to residual cortex of lens or capsular block syndrome was suspected, so YAG laser capsulotomy and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone were performed. Two days later, hypopyon and vitreous opacity were seen. The patient underwent an emergency vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotic injection with suspicion of bacterial endophthalmitis. The culture was negative. Twenty days after the vitrectomy, anterior chamber inflammation and vitreous opacity developed. The recurrence of endophthalmitis was suspected due to infection by bacteria in the surrounding tissue of the IOL, so the patient underwent an IOL and lens capsule removal with intravitreal antibiotic injection. At this time, the culture revealed methicillin resistant staphylococcus hemolyticus. Systemic and topical vancomycin was then administered, resulting in decreased inflammation. Twenty days after the IOL removal, decreased vision, anterior chamber inflammation, and vitreous opacity developed. Endophthalmitis was decreased by intravitreal antibiotic injection and topical antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus hemolyticus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic recurrent endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
Aged ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anterior Chamber ; Bacteria ; Cataract ; Dexamethasone ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Endophthalmitis ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin ; Phacoemulsification ; Recurrence ; Staphylococcus ; Uveitis ; Vancomycin ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: We compared the posterior capsule rupture (PCR) rate between microscope versus intracameral illumination in phacoemulsification surgery performed by novice ophthalmologists. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 300 eyes of 211 patients who underwent phacoemulsification by novice ophthalmologists from March 2012 to October 2017. Novice ophthalmologists (n = 6) were divided into those using microscope illumination (n = 4) and intracameral illumination users (n = 2). The first 50 cataract surgery cases of each novice ophthalmologist were reviewed. The results using a phacoemulsification machine and microscopy were the same. The intraoperative complications and learning curve in each case were evaluated. RESULTS: Phacoemulsifications performed by novice ophthalmologists showed a statistically significant difference in PCR rate between the microscope illumination (19.0%, 38/200) and intracameral illumination (4.0%, 4/100) groups (p = 0.001). The incidence of PCR was reduced to 22%, 18%, 16%, 12%, and 8% per 10 cases in the microscope group, while it was 15% in the first 10 cases and 0% in 50 cases thereafter in the intracameral illumination group. CONCLUSIONS: Novice surgeons had a lower PCR rate during cataract surgery using intracameral illumination than using microscope illumination. Both groups showed a tendency for the PCR to decrease with increasing surgical cases, but the intracameral illumination group showed a shorter learning curve.
Cataract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Learning Curve ; Lighting ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Surgeons

PURPOSE: We report a case of pseudophakic pupillary block after toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS). CASE SUMMARY: An 84-year-old woman underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the posterior chamber. Six days after surgery, anterior chamber inflammation was seen. Twenty-five days after surgery, a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with pupillary block was observed. Despite the use of IOP-lowering medication, the IOP was not controlled. Peripheral laser iridotomy failed. After surgical peripheral iridectomy, IOP decreased significantly and was controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the rarity of TASS combined with pseudophakic pupillary block, clinicians must be aware of this condition in patients showing prolonged inflammatory state and IOP elevation after surgery.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Pseudophakia