Objective: Toric intraocular lens implantation has been used to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. The study aimed to compare the visual outcomes between manual vs markerless toric intraocular lens implantation in astigmatic correction. Methods: The medical records of patients at American Eye Center who underwent phacoemulsification by multiple surgeons with insertion of monofocal or multifocal toric lenses via manual marking and markerless method from 2010-2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Results showed no significant difference in the following characteristics between manual and markerless method at one month and two months post-cataract surgery: uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near vision acuity (UNVA), corrected near vision acuity (CNVA), refraction spherical equivalent. The UDVA, CDVA, UNVA, CNVA and astigmatism had significantly lower median/mean-rank at one and two months postoperatively compared to preoperative values. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings indicated that both manual-based and markerless systems effectively facilitated accurate placement of the toric IOL on the desired axis. Notably, there was no significant difference observed between the two methods. Both systems are straightforward to execute. In low-resource settings like the Philippines, the manual marking method can be employed when markerless guidance equipment is unavailable.
Phacoemulsification ; Astigmatism ; Philippines

OBJECTIVE

Toric intraocular lens implantation has been used to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. The study aimed to compare the visual outcomes between manual vs markerless toric intraocular lens implantation in astigmatic correction.

The medical records of patients at American Eye Center who underwent phacoemulsification by multiple surgeons with insertion of monofocal or multifocal toric lenses via manual marking and markerless method from 2010-2019 were reviewed.

A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Results showed no significant difference in the following characteristics between manual and markerless method at one month and two months post-cataract surgery: uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near vision acuity (UNVA), corrected near vision acuity (CNVA), refraction spherical equivalent. The UDVA, CDVA, UNVA, CNVA and astigmatism had significantly lower median/mean-rank at one and two months postoperatively compared to preoperative values.

In conclusion, our findings indicated that both manual-based and markerless systems effectively facilitated accurate placement of the toric IOL on the desired axis. Notably, there was no significant difference observed between the two methods. Both systems are straightforward to execute. In low-resource settings like the Philippines, the manual marking method can be employed when markerless guidance equipment is unavailable.

Objective: To report a case of a suture-related corneal abscess caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus on a phacoemulsification corneal incision. Method: This is a case report. Results: An elderly female underwent complicated phacoemulsification surgery on the left eye requiring sutures to seal the corneal incisions. Suture removal was incomplete at the side port, and a suture abscess developed after 9 weeks. Cultures revealed heavy growth of Enterococcus casseliflavus which was initially treated with an empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic (levofloxacin 1.5%) administered via intrastromal and subconjunctival injections, followed by culture-guided topical and oral medications. The corneal infection resolved but significant corneal thinning led to perforation, requiring a modified Gunderson flap procedure to repair the defect. Conclusion Intrastromal and subconjuctival injection of levofloxacin 1.5% may be a viable empiric treatment option for Enterococcus casseliflavus suture-related corneal abscess.
Phacoemulsification

Objective: To present a case of neovascular glaucoma secondary to ocular ischemic syndrome following an uncomplicated phacoemulsification Methods: This is a case description of a 74-year-old male who developed blurred vision and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) two months after an uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation of the left eye. There was iris neovascularization with absence of retinal dot/blot hemorrhages or neovascularization. The fluorescein angiogram (FA) showed delayed choroidal fluorescence and arteriovenous time. IOP-lowering medications and intravitreal injection of aflibercept were given. Carotid doppler test showed 70% stenosis of the ipsilateral artery but a subsequent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) did not show evidence of significant stenosis. Results: At his last consultation, visual acuity improved to counting fingers. IOP was maintained at 12 mmHg with one anti-glaucoma medication. Conclusion Ocular ischemia can confound the outcome of an uncomplicated cataract surgery. Doppler scans are usually chosen as the first-line exam for those suspected of carotid stenosis but, at times, may have contradictory results with MRA.
Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: In this study, we evaluated changes in the anterior chamber structure and lens position before and after phacoemulsification in eyes grouped by axial length (AL).METHODS: This study included 65 eyes (16 short eyes [AL < 22.5 mm], 33 normal eyes [22.5 mm < AL < 25.0 mm], and 16 long eyes [AL > 25.5 mm]) that underwent cataract surgery. Pre- and postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured using Pentacam® and IOL Master®,. In addition, we evaluated the anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), epithelium-iris distance, and iris-lens (intraocular lens [IOL]) distance.RESULTS: The change in ACD was significantly smaller in long eyes (Pentacam®,, p = 0.000; IOL Master®,, p = 0.001). The change in ACA was significantly larger in short eyes (p = 0.000), and the change in ACV was significantly smaller in long eyes (p = 0.000). The change in the epithelium–iris distance was significantly smaller in long eyes (p = 0.000), and the change in the iris-lens (IOL) distance was significantly smaller in short eyes (p = 0.000).CONCLUSIONS: In short eyes, changes in ACD, ACA, and ACV were found to be larger than those of other groups as the iris moved backward. In long eyes, greater backward movement of the IOL was observed. Therefore, the appropriate IOL power should be chosen, considering the postoperative position of the IOL during cataract surgery of short and long eyes.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Iris ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To report a patient with a pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) who underwent Descemet's membrane stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with manual preparation of the donor corneal graft.CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old female presented with visual disturbance in her right eye. Five months prior, she was treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens exchange surgery of the right eye, and a very severe corneal edema was revealed by slit-lamp examination. We diagnosed PBK and planned DSEK with manual preparation of a donor corneal graft because of the non-availability of a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser. After making the corneal graft using an artificial anterior chamber, crescent knife and cornea dissector, the keratoplasty proceeded using the graft. Three months after surgery, her graft was well-maintained on the right eye. The patient's visual acuity was 0.3, and the corneal endothelial cell count was 1,844/mm².CONCLUSIONS: Manual preparation of the donor corneal graft for DSEK is suitable as a second choice treatment method when the availability of surgical devices is limited.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Transplantation ; Descemet Membrane ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of 4-haptic bitoric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Asian patients with cataract and astigmatism. METHODS: A total of 19 eyes with ≤25.0 mm axial length and ≥0.75 diopters (D) corneal astigmatism were included in this prospective non-comparative study. All subjects underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an AT Torbi 709M IOL. Visual and refractive outcomes as well as toric IOL axis were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. Errors in predicted residual spherical equivalent were calculated by subtracting predicted residual spherical equivalent from postoperative refraction. RESULTS: Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity improved significantly 3 months after surgery, from 0.43 to 0.05 and from 0.24 to −0.05, respectively. Mean refractive cylinders also decreased significantly, from −1.91 preoperatively to −0.54 D 3 months after surgery. Mean J0 and J45 decreased 3 months postoperatively, from 0.26 to 0.03 D and from 0.24 to −0.06 D, respectively. After 3 months, mean absolute IOL rotation was 1.81°. Errors in predicted residual spherical equivalent showed a hyperopic shift of 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of 4-haptic bitoric IOL proved to be effective for correcting astigmatism in Asian eyes during cataract surgery.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To assess the nationwide rate of acute postoperative endophthalmitis (APE) after cataract extraction in Korea and to evaluate potential risk factors thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nationwide insurance claims data from July 2014 to June 2017 were reviewed. All patients with phacoemulsification or extracapsular/intracapsular cataract extraction were included. Exclusion criteria were combined glaucoma surgery or total vitrectomy or when the patient had a history of intraocular foreign body. RESULTS: In total, 1505103 cases (982203 patients) were included. APE developed in 953 cases (938 patients) with an overall incidence of 0.063%. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.61; p<0.001], primary clinical setting, operations performed in non-major cities, usage of sutures (OR 2.82; 95% CI 2.13–3.74; p<0.001), anterior vitrectomy (OR 8.71; 95% CI 6.71–11.32; p<0.001), aphakic cataract surgery (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03–2.22; p=0.033), hypertension (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.18–1.66; p<0.001), diabetes (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.31–1.93; p<0.001), and chronic renal failure (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.01–1.62; p=0.039) were found to be related to APE development. CONCLUSION: The incidence of APE after cataract extraction was consistent with reports from other studies. Additional research is needed to determine the relationship of newly found risk factors, such as hypertension, primary clinical setting, chronic renal failure, and usage of suturing, with APE development.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Male ; Phacoemulsification ; Risk Factors ; Sutures ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To report a case of macular edema and retinal vasculitis treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in a Behcet's disease patient after cataract surgery. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old male with Behcet's disease, without recurrence of uveitis for 3 months, underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation for a cataract in the left eye. The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was 0.15. At day 1 after surgery, his BCVA was 0.4, and slit lamp examination of his left eye revealed a mild anterior chamber reaction. At 1 week after surgery, he presented with left vision impairment, his BCVA was 0.04, and mild inflammation was observed in both the anterior chamber and the vitreous in his left eye. Unilateral macular edema was confirmed with optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography revealed retinal vasculitis on the fovea and peripheral retina. Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation was performed in his left eye, 1 month after treatment, the macular edema and retinal vasculitis had improved, and the BCVA of his left eye was 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Behcet's disease, intravitreal dexamethasone implantation can be an effective treatment option for macular edema and retinal vasculitis after cataract surgery.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Behcet Syndrome ; Cataract ; Dexamethasone ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Phacoemulsification ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Slit Lamp ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Uveitis ; Vasculitis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pars plana posterior capsulectomy (PPPC) during phacovitrectomy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 76 patients (76 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether PPPC was performed during phacovitrectomy. In group A, PPPC using a vitreous cutter was combined with phacovitrectomy; in group B, only phacovitrectomy was performed. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), predicted and actual refractive errors, adverse events, and posterior capsular opacity (PCO) were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Age, sex, and pre- and postoperative BCVA were not significantly different between group A (n = 37) and group B (n = 39). No intraoperative complications were identified in either group. In group A, the actual refraction (postoperative 2 months) was −0.44 ± 0.88 diopters (D) and a mild hyperopic shift was found compared to the preoperative predicted refraction (−0.56 ± 0.40 D). In group B, the actual refraction was −0.70 ± 0.72 D and a mild myopic shift was found compared to the preoperative predicted refraction (−0.60 ± 0.81 D). The difference in refraction shifts between the two groups was not significant but very close to it (p = 0.050). In group A, yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy was not required. However, PCO was observed in 10 eyes in group B, 6 of which subsequently underwent YAG laser posterior capsulotomy at the last follow-up. Lens instability such as dislocation or subluxations was not observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: PPPC combined with phacovitrectomy may lead to hyperopic refractive changes. However, this was a safe and effective approach to prevent PCO and additional YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
Capsule Opacification ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Phacoemulsification ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy