Background: Anterior open bite involving the anterior dentition associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion is a severe dentofacial deformity resulting from discrepancies in vertical and sagittal relationships of the maxilla and mandible. In adult patients, orthodontic treatment alone is insufficient to achieve satisfactory outcomes; therefore, combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment is required. Case Presentation: A 21-year-9-month-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of mandibular prognathism. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed anterior open bite involving the anterior dentition associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The treatment was carried out in three phases. Presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed to achieve dental decompensation, followed by orthognathic surgery. Le Fort I osteotomy was performed to reduce the vertical height by 3 mm and advance the maxilla by 5 mm, while bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) was performed to set back the mandible by 9 mm. Post-surgical orthodontic treatment was performed using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to provide stable anchorage, allowing precise control of tooth movement, and intermaxillary elastics were used to refine occlusion. As a result, facial profile, skeletal relationships, and occlusion were improved, with stable outcomes achieved. Diagnosis: Extraoral examination revealed a mandibular facial profile, increased height of the lower third of the face, normal facial midline at the nose, and a 1.5 mm leftward deviation at the chin. Lip position was -6 mm for the upper lip and -2 mm for the lower lip relative to the nasolabial angle. The angle between the cheekbones and the lips was 55.5°. Conclusion Combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment provides effective and stable outcomes in terms of esthetics, function, and occlusal stability in adult patients with anterior open bite associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health concern worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) reported in Mongolia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing surveillance data on STIs and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results from a total of 72 health facilities. Results: The findings indicate that the overall prevalence of STIs in the general population has not declined and remains consistently high. The most commonly reported infections-syphilis (10.8–15.0), gonorrhea (9.1–11.4), trichomoniasis (7.0–8.2), and chlamydial infection (0.1–0.8)-have shown persistently elevated rates over the study period. Furthermore, STI morbidity was significantly higher among individuals aged 20–39 years, representing the sexually active population, as well as among those with complete secondary education, those who were married, and those who were employed (p<0.001). Conclusion An important finding of this study is that although the number of real-time PCR tests conducted for STI detection and the corresponding positivity rate increased from 0.9% to 9.5%, the proportion of reported cases remains relatively low. This suggests limited accessibility to PCR diagnostics and insufficient reporting and surveillance of STIs. These findings highlight the need to strengthen laboratory diagnostic capacity, as well as to improve integrated surveillance and reporting systems, in order to effectively reduce the burden of STIs at the national level.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of developing opportunistic infections and malignancies due to immunosuppression. Among these, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and lymphoma are malignant conditions affecting mucocutaneous tissues and are considered multifocal angioproliferative disorders, as originally described by Moritz Kaposi. These conditions are more likely to occur in individuals with uncontrolled viral replication and low CD4 cell counts. In Mongolia, although the overall prevalence of HIV infection remains low and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections, cases of AIDS-related malignancies continue to be reported. Therefore, evaluating the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of malignancies in HIV-infected patients is of significant importance. Aim: To present a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient living with HIV in Mongolia, and to describe the clinical course, diagnostic findings, treatment outcomes, and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Materials and Methods: This case report is based on a descriptive analysis of a single patient. Clinical data, including medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory parameters (CD4 cell count and viral load), imaging studies, histopathological results, treatment course, and outcomes were collected from the medical records of the National Center for Communicable Diseases and analyzed qualitatively. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male patient presented with oral lesions that first appeared in June 2010 and progressively increased in number and size. In July 2010, he underwent computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathological examination in the Republic of Korea, which confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphosarcoma. The patient was enrolled in care at the National Center for Communicable Diseases on September 2, 2010. According to his history, he had lived in Taiwan for the past 10 years and reported having sex with men. On October 22, 2010, his CD4 cell count was 282 cells/ml and viral load was 210,000 copies/ml. Antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz) was initiated. Between 2010 and 2011, he received six cycles of chemotherapy (DOX, CTX, VCR), and surgical excision of skin lesions was performed. Following treatment, the Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphosarcoma lesions regressed significantly. By August 31, 2012, his CD4 cell count had increased to 535 cells/µL. Conclusion This case demonstrates that HIV-infected patients are at high risk of developing AIDS-defining malignancies due to immunosuppression. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) played a crucial role in immune restoration, as evidenced by the increase in CD4 cell count. In addition, combined treatment with chemotherapy contributed to tumor regression and clinical improvement.