ObjectiveNeuroinflammation plays a crucial role in both the onset and progression of ischemic stroke, exerting a significant impact on the recovery of the central nervous system. Excessive neuroinflammation can lead to secondary neuronal damage, further exacerbating brain injury and impairing functional recovery. As a result, effectively modulating and reducing neuroinflammation in the brain has become a key therapeutic strategy for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Among various approaches, targeting immune regulation to control inflammation has gained increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the role of in vitro induced regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in suppressing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke, as well as their potential therapeutic effects. By exploring the mechanisms through which Tregs exert their immunomodulatory functions, this research is expected to provide new insights into stroke treatment strategies. MethodsNaive CD4⁺ T cells were isolated from mouse spleens using a negative selection method to ensure high purity, and then they were induced in vitro to differentiate into Treg cells by adding specific cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic potential of Treg cells transplantation in a mouse model of ischemic stroke was evaluated. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, after Treg cells transplantation, their ability to successfully migrate to the infarcted brain region and their impact on neuroinflammation levels were examined. To further investigate the role of Treg cells in stroke recovery, the changes in cytokine expression and their effects on immune cell interactions was analyzed. Additionally, infarct size and behavioral scores were measured to assess the neuroprotective effects of Treg cells. By integrating multiple indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of potential benefits of Treg cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke was performed. ResultsTreg cells significantly regulated the expression levels of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, effectively balancing the immune response and suppressing excessive inflammation. Additionally, Treg cells inhibited the activation and activity of inflammatory cells, thereby reducing neuroinflammation. In the MCAO mouse model, Treg cells were observed to accumulate in the infarcted brain region, where they significantly reduced the infarct size, demonstrating their neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, Treg cell therapy notably improved behavioral scores, suggesting its role in promoting functional recovery, and increased the survival rate of ischemic stroke mice, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke treatment. ConclusionIn vitro induced Treg cells can effectively suppress neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke, demonstrating promising clinical application potential. By regulating the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, Treg cells can inhibit immune responses in the nervous system, thereby reducing neuronal damage. Additionally, they can modulate the immune microenvironment, suppress the activation of inflammatory cells, and promote tissue repair. The therapeutic effects of Treg cells also include enhancing post-stroke recovery, improving behavioral outcomes, and increasing the survival rate of ischemic stroke mice. With their ability to suppress neuroinflammation, Treg cell therapy provides a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, offering broad application prospects in clinical immunotherapy and regenerative medicine.

[Objective] To analyze the influencing factors of repeat blood donor lapsing using a zero-inflated poisson regression model (ZIP). [Methods] The blood donation behavior of 12 498 whole blood donors from 2020 was tracked until December 31, 2023. The factors influencing the frequency of blood donations in a given year was analyzed using ZIP, and donors with 0 blood donation in that year were considered to have lapsed. The changes in relevant influencing factors associated with each blood donation were measured and modeled for analysis. [Results] The zero-inflated part of ZIP showed that the risk of lapsing of male blood donors was 2.24 times that of female blood donors (OR 95% CI:1.864-2.696, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing of the 35-44 age group and over 45 age group was respectively 40% (OR 95% CI:0.455-0.790, P<0.001) and 61%(OR 95% CI:0.268-0.578, P<0.001) lower than that of the under 25 age group; the risk of lapsing for those who have donated blood twice and ≥3 times was respectively 50% (OR 95% CI:0.405-0.609, P<0.001) and 81% (OR 95% CI:0.154-0.225, P<0.001) lower than that of first-time donors; the risk of lapsing of those with junior high or high school education was 1.2 times that of those with a college degree or higher (OR 95% CI:1.033-1.384, P<0.05); the risk of lapsing for the divorced group was 2.02 times that of the married group (OR 95% CI:1.445-2.820, P<0.001); the risk of lapsing for those with an income (Yuan) of 10 000 to 50 000, 50 000 to 100 000 and more than 100 000 was respectively 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.552-0.818, P<0.001), 0.72 (OR 95% CI:0.591-0.884, P=0.002) and 0.67 (OR 95% CI:0.535-0.834, P<0.001) times that of those with an income (Yuan) of less than 10 000. The results of the Poisson part are consistent with the results of the zero-inflated part in terms of age and education level. [Conclusion] Blood donor lapsing is overall related to factors such as gender, age, donation frequency, education, marital status and family income. It's essential to care for those blood donors prone to lapse to retain more regular blood donors.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Current treatment methods for lung cancer primarily include surgery， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. However， the main limitations of these treatments are their side effects， the drug resistance， and the economic burden they impose. As a critical cancer pathway， the Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway regulates tumor occurrence and development through multiple mechanisms by influencing various downstream targets. Consequently， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway offers a promising avenue for lung cancer treatment research. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells， angiogenesis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， metabolic alterations， remodeling of the immune microenvironment， and the development of treatment resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention due to its minimal side effects， low economic burden， and its potential to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity when used in conjunction with Western medicine. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine compounds， a growing number of Chinese medicine monomers have come into the spotlight because of their more targeted effects. Numerous studies investigating the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer have demonstrated that TCM can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells， tumor angiogenesis， and EMT， improve the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments， and enhance treatment sensitivity by intervening in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， thereby impeding the progression of lung cancer. In recent years， the research on the regulation of this pathway by TCM in the treatment of lung cancer has been updated rapidly. However， the summary of these studies has not been updated in time. This review summarizes and reflects on the recent research findings regarding the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by TCM to intervene in lung cancer from three aspects， introducing the JAK/STAT pathway， elaborating the mechanism of this pathway in lung cancer， and exploring the intervention of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer through this pathway， to provide more reference for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.

Climate change is a significant environmental concern in the 21^st century. It can directly and indirectly affect public health, making it a major public health problem. This review focused on the relationship between meteorological factors and health-related behaviors such as physical activity, sleep, dietary behavior, and social contact behavior. The results indicated that meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall are associated with the four health behaviors. Physical activity levels are negatively associated with temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. Sleep quality tends to decrease under extreme temperatures and extreme weather events. Dietary behavior is influenced by high and low temperatures, low pressure, and daylight duration, which in turn affects appetite and food intake. Social contact frequency decreases in response to extreme temperatures, increased rainfall, and extreme weather events. However, there are differences in the strength and direction of the associations between meteorological factors and health-related behaviors in various studies. Research on the combined effects of multiple meteorological factors exposure on health-related behaviors is rare, and the mechanisms underlying the associations are unclear. Therefore, there is a need for more multi-center, large-scale studies to explore the biological and behavioral mechanisms behind these associations, which will help clarify the complex effects of meteorological factors on human health behaviors and provide scientific evidence for policy-making, thereby mitigating the negative impact of climate change on public health.

ObjectiveTo investigate the perceived experience and acceptance of intrapartum ultrasound （IPUS） as a novel method for labor progress assessment among pregnant women. MethodsFrom February 2023 to December 2024， a total of 180 pregnant women admitted to the Labor Ward of Lingnan Hospital， the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University， who were planned for vaginal trial of labor ， were accessed for labor progress using IPUS and vaginal examination （VE） after the onset of labor and prior to the initiation n of labor analgesia. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the women's perceived experiences with both examination methods and their acceptance of IPUS. The pain intensity associated with the examinations was evaluated using the visual analogue pain scale （VAS）. Differences in the women's experiences and pain intensity between the two labor progress assessment methods were compared. ResultsThe acceptance rate of IPUS was 96.67% （174/180）， with the remaining 6 cases undecided. Over 60% of the pregnant women reported IPUS assessment as comfortable and none of them felt discomfort， whereas 32.8% felt uncomfortable with VE （χ²=196.02， P＜0.001）. Nearly two-thirds of the pregnant women believed that VE would cause psychological distress， while none reported such effect with IPUS （χ²=261.52， P＜0.001）. Approximately 77.78% （140/180） of the pregnant women believed that IPUS could reduce their fear of vaginal delivery and enhance their confidence if it replaced VE. The VAS score for IPUS ［0 （0， 2）］ was significantly lower than that for VE ［4 （4， 6）］ （Z=-14.62， P＜0.001）. Further stratified analysis showed that over 90% （164/180） of the pregnant women found IPUS painless， with no moderate or severe pain reported， compared to 43.33% （78/180） experienced moderate or severe pain with VE （P＜0.001）. ConclusionAs a novel approach for labor progress assessment， IPUS not only alleviates the pain and discomfort associated with traditional VE and reduces the fear of childbirth but also enhances women's confidence in delivery， thereby achieving a high level of acceptance among parturient women in China.

ObjectiveTo explore the incremental cost of central line-associated bloodstream infections （CLABSI） after central venous catheterization （CVC） in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit （ICU）， as well as the main cost of nosocomial infection prevention and control. By comparing these two costs， the medical personnel to pay more attention should CLABSI prevention and control from the perspectives of medical quality and economic benefits， and promote the implementation of prevention and control measures. MethodsCluster sampling was used to select 126 critically ill patients who underwent CVC in the ICU of a tertiary traditional Chinese medicine hospital from January 2021 to December 2023， including 65 cases in the CLABSI group and 61 in the non-CLABSI group. Patients’ data were retrospectively collected from the hospital medical records， including the disease type， gender， age， length of hospital stay， outcome， and hospitalization expenses. The costs of different hand hygiene methods and differing approaches to environmental cleaning and disinfection were analyzed and compared. ResultsThere were significant differences in the length of hospital stay （Z=-5.35， P<0.05） and total hospitalization expenses （Z=-6.79， P<0.05） between the CLABSI and non-CLABSI group. Total hospitalization expenses showed significant differences among patients with different lengths of hospital stay （H=43.01， P<0.05）， with much higher median one in those with 60 or more days of hospital stay than other patients. Greater differences of median total hospitalization expenses were found in males than in females （Z=-3.98， P<0.05）， as well as in patients aged 60-80 years than in patients of other ages （Z=-5.79， P<0.05）. ConclusionsThe occurrence of CLABSI significantly increases the ICU patients’ length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses. There are differences in the costs of different hand hygiene methods and differing approaches to environmental cleaning and disinfection， but these costs are acceptable compared to the incremental costs directly attributable to CLABSI. Therefore， medical institutions should attach importance to the investment in prevention and control of nosocomial infections such as hand hygiene and environmental cleaning and disinfection， formulate practical， reasonable and feasible plans， and ensure their implementation， in order to avoid nosocomial infections， improve the medical quality， effectively control patients’ length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs， and strive to maintain patient safety.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound,thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNA-Tg),and their combination in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods The clini-cal data of 130 patients(144 lymph nodes in total)with PTC in Tangshan Gongren Hospital from January 2017 to March 2023 were retro-spectively analyzed.Patients were divided into metastatic and non-metastatic groups according to the pathological findings of the cervical lymph nodes.The ultrasonic characteristics,serum Tg,and eluate Tg levels were compared between the two groups.The diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound,FNA-Tg,and the combination for cervical lymph node metastasis was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Among 144 cervical lymph nodes,64 comprised the metastatic group and 80 comprised the non-metastatic group.Compared with the non-metastatic group,the lymph nodes in the metastatic group had indistinct cortical-medullary demarcation,uneven echogenicity,cystic changes,microcalcifications,and abnormal blood flow,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);however,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in transverse to longitudinal ratios and whether the margins were clear(all P＞0.05).Serum Tg in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups was 19.5(1.9-70.7)ng/mL and 20.4(8.9-38.3)ng/mL,respectively,and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05);eluate Tg in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups was 500.0(49.4-500.0)ng/mL and 2.4(0.6-6.5)ng/mL,and the difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05),with an optimal FNA-Tg critical value of 11.7 ng/mL.FNA-Tg diagnosed cervical lymph node metastasis with the highest specificity,accuracy,and positive predictive value,whereas the combination of ultrasound and FNA-Tg diagnosed cervical lymph node metastasis with the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value.Conclusion Ultrasound manifestations of PTC cer-vical meta-static lymph nodes include poorly demarcated corticomedullary stroma,uneven echogenicity accompanied by cystic changes,microcalcifications,and abnormal blood flow and have high diagnostic efficacy for PTC metastatic lymph nodes.When PTC cervical lymph node abnormalities are suspected on ultrasound,further FNA-Tg should be performed.The combination of ultrasound with FNA-Tg could improve the diagnostic efficacy of PTC cervical lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate whether there are sex differences in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)among the offspring of mice with IBD.Methods BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into Na?ve and DSS groups.The mice in the Na?ve group drank autoclaved water freely,and the DSS group freely drank 2％dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)for 7 days before it was replaced with autoclaved water for 10 days.A total of 3～4 cycles were applied,and the IBD female mice were paired with healthy male mice in cages.When the pups were 8 weeks old,they were divided into the Con group and IBD group.The Con group drank autoclaved water freely for 7 days,and the IBD group drank 3％DSS for 7 days.During the modeling period,disease activity index was scored by monitoring body weight,fecal consistency,and the presence of blood in stool every day.Pathological sections were taken to observe changes in goblet cells and the mucus layer of colon tissues.The concentrations of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-33,and IL-10 in the colon were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of tight-junction proteins and MUC-2 in the colon.Results Compared with female IBD mice,male IBD mice had higher DAI scores,significantly shorter colons,larger amounts of inflammatory infiltrate,more crypt abnormalities,and a higher absence of goblet cells in the colon;their relative mRNA expression of occludin mRNA was significantly reduced,levels of IL-6 and IL-33 were significantly increased,and level of IL-10 was significantly decreased.Conclusions The symptoms of colitis in the offspring of IBD mice were more severe in male than in female mice,a result that was mainly attributed to the more severely impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function in males.

This experiment aims to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement of herbal tea resi-due on white feather broilers in the prospectives of growth performance,serum indexes and intesti-nal immune indexes.A total of 280 1-day-old white feather broilers with similar body mass and good health were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 14 birds per repli-cate.Group Ⅰ(control group)was fed a basal diet.Groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a diet supple-mented with 2％,4％and 6％herbal tea residue powder,respectively.The feeding lasted for 49 days,and was divided into 2 phases from 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 49 days of age.Blood,tissue and mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum were collected on 21 d and 49 d.Total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine amin-otransferase(ALT)in the serum were examined.The villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum were observed and measured by morphology.The mRNA expression levels of intestinal interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were determined by qPCR.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the mass of group Ⅲ on 21 d and 49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).The average daily feed intake of 22-49 d and 1-49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).The average daily mass gain of 1-21 d,22-49 d and 1-49 d significantly increased(P＜0.05).In the serum of 21 d,compared with group Ⅰ,T-CHO in group Ⅱ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).TG in groups Ⅱ,m and Ⅳ significantly de-creased(P＜0.05).LDL-C and AST activity in group Ⅳ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the serum of 49 d,T-CHO in group Ⅲ,LDL-C in group Ⅳ,HDL-C of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the ALT activity of these two groups decreased(P＜0.05).AST activity in group Ⅱ significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the duodenum of 21 d,compared with group Ⅰ,the expressions of TNF-α in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the duodenum of 49 d,the expression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of IL-2 in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the jejunum of 49 d,the ex-pression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of IL-2 in groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In conclusion,dietary herbal tea residue can regulate circulating lipid level and enhance intestinal immunity of white feather broilers without affecting their normal growth performance.This experiment also suggested that the a 2％-4％supplementa-tion of herbal tea residues to white feather broilers was of good effect.

This article reports a case using China's self-developed HaloStitch? system to complete a percutaneous suture-mediated patent foramen ovale closure under ultrasound guidance alone,achieving outstanding clinical outcomes.This innovative method represents a new approach to patent foramen ovale treatment and is an ideal surgical technique.