Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted mental health, particularly exacerbating conditions such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and emotional disorders among hospitalized patients. This study examined the prevalence of COVID-19-related mental health issues and risk factors in hospitalized patients affiliated with MNUMS, compared to a control group. Aim: To assess the prevalence of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to identify their associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at hospitals under MNUMS, including the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital, Central Hospital, and the National Center for Maternal and Child Health. A total of 552 participants (399 case group, 153 control group) who were hospitalized were included. Depression (PHQ-9≥10), anxiety (GAD-7≥10), insomnia (ISI≥15), and PTSD (PCL-5≥33) were assessed using standardized scales. Analysis was performed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression (crude odds ratio [cOR]/adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]), adjusted for group, age, and sex. Results: In the case group, depression (23.1% vs. 13.7%, p=0.015, cOR=1.884 [1.124-3.156]), anxiety (16.8% vs. 11.1%, p=0.096), and any mental disorder (18.0% vs. 13.7%, p=0.225) were higher, while insomnia was lower (19.5% vs. 30.1%, p=0.008). PTSD was low overall (1.8% vs. 0.7%, p=0.333). Risk factors included female sex (p<0.001, cOR=0.362 for depression in males), younger age (p=0.004), unemployment (p=0.017), and prior trauma (p<0.001). COVID-19 symptoms (difficulty breathing) increased the risk of depression (p<0.001, cOR=2.828 [1.708-4.682]). Conclusion Hospitalization for COVID-19 increases the risk of depression and anxiety, modulated by demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors. Targeted interventions for vulnerable groups are essential.

Acinetobacter baumannii is considered to be a worldwide threat to public health due to its high antimicrobial resistance rates and the severe infections it can cause. Little is known about this pathogen’s resistance in Mongolia. This report aims to describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of A. baumannii at a tertiary hospital in Mongolia. The cross-sectional analysis was conducted at the tertiary care laboratory hospital in the First Central Hospital of Mongolia from 2013.01 to 2013.12 and from 2020.01 to 2020.12.
A total of 141 in 2013, 227 in 2020 consecutive microbiological reports were analyzed. A. baumannii was isolated. Epidemiological and microbiological data, including the isolation setting and patient information, were recorded. Prevalence of multi-drug and extensive-drug resistance was assessed according to international standards.
The median age of individuals was 22 years (2 – 35 years); female was the predominant gender (53%). The hospital’s intensive care units had the highest number of isolates (n = 226). The most frequent specimen from which A. baumannii was isolated was secretion of respiratory tract (n = 119). Resistance to carbapenems was reported to be 35% among the isolates (n = 115) in 2013 and 74.69% (n=135) respectively. This report reveals the threat of this pathogen to public health in Mongolia and appeals for antibiotic stewardship programs throughout all tertiary hospitals and other hospitals.

Introduction: Determining stages of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease is essential for clinical practice such as decision making on medical treatment, setting the interval of follow-up examination for its complication, screening intervals for hepatocellular carcinoma. Goal: We compared non-invasive fibrosis markers among the patients with chronic hepatitis Delta. Materials and Methods: Totally 70 patients with chronic hepatitis D enrolled into this study. The blood samples were examined for complete blood count, liver function test and serum M2BPGi level. Non-invasive markers such as AAR, APRI, Fib-4 scores were calculated. Those with AAR >1, APRI >0.7, FIB-4 >1.45 were considered with advanced fibrosis. All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement using FibroScan M2 probe. The cutoff values of FibroScan for advanced fibrosis were 9 kPa for patient with normal transaminase level and 11 kPa for patients with elevated transaminase. Results: Advanced fibrosis was observed in 25.7%, 38.6% and 38.6% by AAR, APRI and Fib-4 score, respectively. When cut-off levels of serum M2BPGi for advanced fibrosis was 2.2 COI, 35.7% had advanced fibrosis. FibroScan tests showed 34.4% had advanced fibrosis. The AUROC of M2BPGi were 0.894 and 0.827 for predicting advanced fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Conclusion Serum M2BPGi and FibroScan would be reliable diagnostic tool for identifying liver fibrosis in Mongolian patients with chronic hepatitis D.

BACKGROUND. The 84.4 percent of newly diagnosed patients with diabetes have obesity in Mongolia. Nowadays, prevalence of obesity has increased steadily in Mongolia. Diabetic patients with viral hepatitis has high risk of having liver cirrhosis. Therefore, screening of fatty liver and liver fibrosis in diabetic patients is more important. The main diagnosing method of fatty liver and liver fibrosis is liver biopsy and histology but so far, we are able to detect viral infection using viral marker and determine fibrosis stage of NAFLD in patients who has diabetes mellitus type 2. Using noninvasive method determining liver fibrosis involve many researches to reveal new biomarkers and technics to find out liver fibrosis. Japanese researchers has found The Wisteria floribunda agglutinin- positive human Mac-2-binding protein (WFA+-M2BP) was recently shown to be a liver fibrosis glycobiomarker with a unique fibrosis-related glycoalteration.This biomarker helps to determine liver fibrosis stage in fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis. There is no research to reveal viral infection, fatty liver and liver fibrosis in diabetic patients in Mongolia, so far. So it is necessary to study revealing viral infection, fatty liver disease and to determine stages of fibrosis using WFA+-M2BP to screen liver fibrosis in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE. To identify viral infection, HCV/HBV in patients with diabetes and to compare liver function and diabetes control for diabetic patients with liver disease. METHODS. We collect data from 25thNovember, 2015 to October of 2016. We got permission of research from the patients by handwriting signature who diagnosed Diabetes mellitus in National University Hospital. Haemotology, biochemistry test, coagulogramm, immunology test are evaluated in 415 patients in clinical laboratory of National university hospital. By the objective, the diabetes patients with viral hepatitis will attend to second step of research. We used HISCL 5000 apparatus of Sysmex Japan to do immunology tests. Also we use SPSS 19.0 and EXCEL program. RESULT. There were 294 patients and by WHO classification of ages 20-29 aged patient (n=4), 30-39 aged(n=19), 40-49 aged(n=65), 50-59 aged(n=126), 60-70 aged(n=48), over 70 aged(n=14)or 53.24±9.43. 146 patients are male,148 patients are female.By BMI 29.9±1.14.By blood test, thrombocytes counted 256.6±11.7;in coagulogramm the prothrombin time was 111.7±31.4; in biochemistry test total bilirubin 16.46±10.6; AP 364.7±192.3;AST 35.7±45.7; ALT 42.8±45.5; GGT 86.53±123.4;albumin 42.06±23.95;total cholesterol 6.04±2.47;triglyceride 5.72±34.5;HbA1c 8.83±5.92; in immunology testsanti-HCV 29.37±18.87 (n=58); HBsAg 590.134±1013.7 (n=23); M2BP (COI) counted 2.24±2.19. CONCLUSION. There were 58 diabetic patients with C viral infection and 23 diabetic patients with B viral infection. By WFA+-M2BP glycobiomarker, we found that diabetic patients with viral hepatitis has more liver fibrosis.

Introduction:Cardiovascular disease morbidity has been continuously increased among the population of Khangai region in the last 10 years - as of year 2010 for instance the rate was 1.5 more in Arkhangai aimag and 1.2 more in Khuvsgul aimag compared to the average rate nationwide. This research study was conducted due to the higher rates listed above in the region and the need to clarify various issues related to the medical care being provided with respect to the illness.Goal:It was deemed necessary to analyze the existing situation of early detection, monitoring and treatment of arterial hypertension among the population of the chosen province and to develop improved methodology.Objectives:1. To study the early detection of arterial hypertension2. To examine whether or not the clients are being given the needed recommendations related to the arterial hypertension monitoring and medicine treatmentMaterials and Methods:Cross sectional, organization based survey with 52 questions was carried out among 87 doctors/professionals of 17 soum and 100 family and aimag's general hospital of Orkhon, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Huvsgul and Selenge aimag. SPSS-17 program and Fisher test was used to generate and develop information.Results:Each soum, inter - soum and provincial doctor is responsible for checking/measuring the arterial pressure of their respective registered number of population by the percentage listed below: Soum doctor-56%, inter-soum doctor-50%, aimag's doctor-46,9% (p=0.19). Body weight and height are being irregularly measured on each chosen level (52.9%-62.5% p=0.67). Similarly the BMI is also being irregularly determined (42, 9% - 54, 5% p=0.07).From all the patients who have an arterial hypertension, 54.3%-55.6% are being monitored by dispensary and 11.1%-14.3% (p=0.53) are being regularly monitored in the chosen medical organizations. Although it is required to repeatedly measure and monitor the arterial pressure depending on its level the result shows that no planned monitoring is being done for the 77.8% of the patients. It is not sufficient for a sound and family doctor to recommend the regular use of antihypertensive the 48.6%, inter- sound doctor 43% and aimer's doctor 29% ( p= 0.40).Conclusions:1. The arterial hypertension - early detection practice is shown to be inadequate at the Chosen health care level (p=0.19).2. For the most clients with the arterial hypertension (59.9% p= 0.40), recommendations on regularly using antihypertensive is not being done - half the clients (54.3% - 55.6%) with the arterial hypertension are not being monitored.