Patients with organophosphate poisoning usually die from respiratory depression and respiratory failure. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis is relatively low, but the mortality rate is extremely high once it occurs. In this paper, the treatment of a patient with acute phoxim poisoning was analyzed. The patient developed severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome on the 3rd day of treatment, the creatine kinase exceeded the normal value by more than 300 times (up to 103510.65 U/L) , and renal failure occurred. Clinical treatment included active detoxification, blood purification, organ support, and internal environment maintenance. The patient's rhabdomyolysis continued, and the condition worsened. Finally, the family gave up the treatment and the patient died. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome during the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning, and timely blood purification technology may be the key to treatment.
Humans ; Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced* ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Creatine Kinase ; Incidence ; Acute Kidney Injury

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of aspirin and inflammation on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DC) on the supernatant of VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma models with inflammation were established by tumor particle implantation, mechanical trauma, and high sugar diet. The rabbits were divided into three groups. For the experimental group (rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation), aspirin were given by gavage for three consecutive days. For the control group (rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation), normal saline was given by gavage for three consecutive days. For the blank group (tumor without inflammation), normal saline was given by gavage for three consecutive days. Each tumor specimens were collected in three days and made into tissue homogenate. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation. Normal rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and co-cultured with different states of supernatant. The expression of DC surface markers CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were detected by flow cytometry. The state of function of DC was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction.

RESULTSThe positive rate of CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR of the experimental and control groups were both lower than that of the blank group (P<0.05). In addition, the ability to stimulate T cell proliferation of the experimental and control groups were weaker than that of the blank group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experi- and HLADR of DC. The short-term administration of aspirin is not conducive to the phenoty and function of DC in a rabbit mental and control groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONInflammation may inhibit the function and expression of CD83, CD86, buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma inflammatory environment

Animals ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sodium bicarbonate combined with ulinastatin on cholinesterase activity for patients with acute phoxim pesticide poisoning.

METHODSA total of 67 eligible patients with acute phoxim pesticide poisoning, Who were admitted to the emeryency department of hospital from March 2011 to February 2014, Acording to different treatments au patients were randomly divided into the conventional treatment group (n=34) and the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group (n=35) . The conventional treatment group were given thorough gastric lavage with water, the sodium bicarbonate + ulinastatin group were given gastric lavage with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Both groups were given such treatments as catharsis, administration of oxygen, fluid infusion, diuresis, and antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime methylchloride. On the basis of comprehensive treatment, people in the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group were given 5% sodium bicarbonate injection and ulinastatin. The clinical effect of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe serum cholinesterase activity of the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group was significantly higher than the conventional treatment group from the 5th day, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The total atropine dosage, total pralidoxime methylchloride dosage and hospitalization days were better than the conventional treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The difference in the time of atropinization between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . The results of arterial blood pH, HCO3- of the sodium bicarbonate + ulinastatin group were higher than the conventional treatment group, and the difference of HCO3- at the 10th day was statistically significant (P<0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSSodium bicarbonate combined with ulinastatin can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce complications in the treatment of acute phoxim pesticide poisoning, and have beneficial effects on the recovery of cholinesterase activity.

Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Cholinesterases ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Pralidoxime Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective intervention measures and prevention strategies.

METHODSThe data from report cards of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2013 were arranged using EXCEL tables, and assessed. Statistical analysis was applied to the epidemiological data using SPSS.

RESULTSFrom 2006 to 2013, a total of 32672 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in Jiangsu Province. Most of the cases were caused by non-occupational poisoning (life poisoning) (72.78%). A majority of patients with pesticide poisoning were 35-54 years old (40.85%) or older than 65 years (15.69%). There were more female patients (58.22%) than male patients (41.78%). Among patients with occupational poisoning, male patients (50.90%) were more than female patients. Among patients with non-occupational poisoning, female patients were more than male patients (38.37%). Pesticide poisoning mainly occurred from July to September. The case-fatality rate of occupational poisoning (0.47%) was lower than that of non-occupational poisoning (7.10%). All 13 cities in Jiangsu Province reported cases of pesticide poisoning. There were more cases in the northern regions than in the southern regions. Pesticide poisoning was mainly caused by organophosphorus insecticides including methamidophos, dichlorvos, dimethoate, omethoate, and parathion, which accounted for 65.58%of all cases. Paraquat had the highest case-fatality rate (10.06%) among all pesticides, followed by tetramine (10.00%), dimethoate or omethoate (7.85%), methamidophos (7.79%), and dimehypo (7.68%).

CONCLUSIONPesticide poisoning cannot be ignored. The management and control should be improved in production and usage of highly toxic pesticides including organophosphorus insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides. More attention should be paid to the protection of vulnerable groups including women, children, and the elderly.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Dichlorvos ; Dimethoate ; analogs & derivatives ; Environmental Exposure ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Paraquat ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Rodenticides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in animal foods and to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chinese population.

METHODS115 samples, including pork, beef, mutton, chicken, fish, eggs, and milk were collected from 13 provinces in China, were analyzed by dual gas chromatography-dual pulsed flame photometry (GC-PFPD) for the contamination of 58 organophosphorus pesticide residues including their metabolites. The cumulative exposure assessment and high-end exposure assessment were used to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chineses population.

RESULTSThe contamination levels of OPPs in animal foods were in the range of not detected (ND)-0.343 mg/kg, and the total detection rate was 37.4% (43/115). OPPs were frequently detected in samples of milk, fish and pork compared with other animal foods with the detection rate of 12/19, 9/16 and 7/16, respectively. The cumulative exposure amount of 10 OPPs to Chinese population was 0.12 µg×kg(-1)·d(-1), which accounted for 7.29% of the ADI.

CONCLUSIONThe residue levels of OPPs were low in animal food in the surveyed areas in China with some banned individual OPPs, such as methamidophos and monocrotophos, were detected. The dietary exposure risk of OPPs raised by the intake of animal foods in surveyed areas of China was low.

Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Chromatography, Gas ; Diet ; Eggs ; Food ; Food Contamination ; Meat ; Milk ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticide Residues ; Pesticides ; Sheep ; Swine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden hearing loss remain a controversial issue with respect to its prognostic indicators. In a recent study, the change in distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) has been shown to provide useful information about its prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the changes of DPOAE and hearing improvement in sudden deafness patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Sixty-one patients underwent pure tone audiometry (PTA) and DPOAE on their first hospital day; among them 35 patients underwent DPOAE after 2 weeks. These patients were divided into mild (< or =40 dB) group, moderate to moderately severe (41-70 dB) group and severe (> or =71 dB) group according to their initial hearing thresholds. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients in the moderate to severe group, 11 patients showed a DPOAE response and 5 patients (45%) showed hearing improved. In 11 non-DPOAE response patients, 4 patients (36.4%) had improved. We compared PTA and OAE sum gap results by analyzing 35 patient's initial thresholds with those measured 2 weeks after the therapy. The correlation coefficient between the two group was 0.547 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that OAE sum is an efficient and non-invasive objective method and that it can be used to monitor the effects of treatment in sudden hearing loss patients.
Audiometry ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Hepcidin plays a central role in the regulation of iron metabolism, and hepatic iron production is stimulated by iron load and inflammation. Recent animal studies have shown that hepcidin levels increase when hematopoiesis is blocked. We aimed to monitor pre- and post-stem cell transplantation hepcidin levels and evaluate its association with hematologic recovery. METHODS: The study group comprised 12 patients with hematologic malignancies (7 with AML, 4 with ALL, and 1 with refractory anemia with excess blasts-2) undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). One day before and 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after PBSCT, reticulocyte count and levels of Hb, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were monitored; serum hepcidin-25 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The median serum hepcidin-25 levels (ng/mL) were significantly higher until 1 week after PBSCT (103.6, 103.3, and 96.5) than those at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after PBSCT (63.9, 53.9, and 56.6, respectively). The reticulocyte count also significantly increased from 2 weeks after PBSCT. The hepcidin level showed an inverse correlation with reticulocyte count (r=-0.56, P<0.001) and a weak positive correlation with ferritin (r=0.27, P=0.02). At 2 weeks, patients with high hepcidin levels (> or =63.9) tended to demonstrate lower Hb recovery at 8 weeks than patients with low hepcidin levels did (P=0.15), but without any differences in the incidence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that hepcidin production is associated with erythropoietic activity and that hepcidin level may be used as an early marker of hematopoietic recovery in PBSCT.
Anemia, Refractory ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cell Transplantation ; Ferritins ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Iron ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Reticulocyte Count ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplants

As chemotherapy and other sophisticated treatment strategies evolve and the number of survivors of long-term childhood cancer grows, the long-term complications of treatment and the cancer itself are becoming ever more important. One of the most important but often neglected complications is osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture during and after cancer treatment. Acquisition of optimal peak bone mass and strength during childhood and adolescence is critical to preventing osteoporosis later in life. However, most childhood cancer patients have multiple risk factors for bone mineral loss. Cancer itself, malnutrition, decreased physical activity during treatment, chemotherapeutic agents such as steroids, and radiotherapy cause bone mineral deficit. Furthermore, complications such as growth hormone deficiency and musculoskeletal deformity have negative effects on bone metabolism. Low bone mineral density is associated with fractures, skeletal deformity, pain, and substantial financial burden not only for childhood cancer survivors but also for public health care systems. Thus, it is important to monitor bone health in these patients and minimize their risk of developing osteoporosis and fragility fractures later in life.
Adolescent ; Bone Density ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Mass Screening ; Motor Activity ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Steroids ; Survivors

Eosinophil is one of the most enigmatic leukocytes that plays pleiotropic roles in initiation and propagation of inflammatory conditions, modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, homeostasis, and remodeling and repair of diverse tissues in health and disease. Eosinophils arise from CD34+ hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow under the influence of transcription factors (C/EBPalpha and GATA-1) and hematopoietic cytokines (IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF). The unusually high numbers of eosinophils in blood and/or tissues, so-called hypereosinophilia, are often critically involved in pathophysiology of a wide variety of inflammatory diseases in many organs, including many allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis), gastrointestinal diseases (eosinophilic eosophagitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, idiopathic myositis), cancers (pancreas, bladder, liver, kidney, breast, melanoma, colon, glioblastoma, gastric, uterine, oral/nasal, lung), infectious diseases (helminth, bacteria, virus, fungi), transplantation rejection (lung, cardiac, corneal, skin, liver, and renal), reproduction, and autoimmune diseases. A dozen of therapeutic agents, notably including humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies, that directly and indirectly target eosinophils have been developed and are studied extensively under clinical and preclinical trials. Some agents have been shown to have promising perspectives to hypereosinophilic diseases, especially against asthma exacerbations and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Further studies are required for discovery of the specific mechanisms of actions of the different eosinophil-targeted therapies, dosing strategies and treatment options with identification of biomarkers that can monitor and predict the responses.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asthma ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bacteria ; Bone Marrow ; Breast ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Communicable Diseases ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Crohn Disease ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Glioblastoma ; Graft Rejection ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Interleukin-3 ; Interleukin-5 ; Kidney ; Leukocytes ; Liver ; Melanoma ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Reproduction ; Rhinitis ; Skin ; Transcription Factors ; Urinary Bladder ; Viruses ; Biomarkers

Patient evaluation and preparation is the first and mandatory step to ensure safety and quality of endoscopic procedures. This begins and ends with identifying the patient, procedure type, and indication. Every patient has the right to be fully informed about risks and benefits of what is to be performed on them, and the medical personnel should respect the decision made by the patients. Thoroughly performed history taking and physical examination will guide the endoscopists to better stratify risk and plan sedation. Special attention should be given to higher-risk patients with higher-risk condition undergoing higher-risk procedures. Making preparations to monitor the patients and being ready to handle emergency situations throughout the endoscopic procedure are sine qua non to warrant safe endoscopy.
Dietary Sucrose ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Physical Examination ; Risk Assessment