Patients with organophosphate poisoning usually die from respiratory depression and respiratory failure. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis is relatively low, but the mortality rate is extremely high once it occurs. In this paper, the treatment of a patient with acute phoxim poisoning was analyzed. The patient developed severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome on the 3rd day of treatment, the creatine kinase exceeded the normal value by more than 300 times (up to 103510.65 U/L) , and renal failure occurred. Clinical treatment included active detoxification, blood purification, organ support, and internal environment maintenance. The patient's rhabdomyolysis continued, and the condition worsened. Finally, the family gave up the treatment and the patient died. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome during the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning, and timely blood purification technology may be the key to treatment.
Humans ; Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced* ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Creatine Kinase ; Incidence ; Acute Kidney Injury

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of aspirin and inflammation on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DC) on the supernatant of VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma models with inflammation were established by tumor particle implantation, mechanical trauma, and high sugar diet. The rabbits were divided into three groups. For the experimental group (rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation), aspirin were given by gavage for three consecutive days. For the control group (rabbit buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma with local inflammation), normal saline was given by gavage for three consecutive days. For the blank group (tumor without inflammation), normal saline was given by gavage for three consecutive days. Each tumor specimens were collected in three days and made into tissue homogenate. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation. Normal rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and co-cultured with different states of supernatant. The expression of DC surface markers CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were detected by flow cytometry. The state of function of DC was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction.

RESULTSThe positive rate of CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR of the experimental and control groups were both lower than that of the blank group (P<0.05). In addition, the ability to stimulate T cell proliferation of the experimental and control groups were weaker than that of the blank group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experi- and HLADR of DC. The short-term administration of aspirin is not conducive to the phenoty and function of DC in a rabbit mental and control groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONInflammation may inhibit the function and expression of CD83, CD86, buccal VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma inflammatory environment

Animals ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sodium bicarbonate combined with ulinastatin on cholinesterase activity for patients with acute phoxim pesticide poisoning.

METHODSA total of 67 eligible patients with acute phoxim pesticide poisoning, Who were admitted to the emeryency department of hospital from March 2011 to February 2014, Acording to different treatments au patients were randomly divided into the conventional treatment group (n=34) and the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group (n=35) . The conventional treatment group were given thorough gastric lavage with water, the sodium bicarbonate + ulinastatin group were given gastric lavage with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Both groups were given such treatments as catharsis, administration of oxygen, fluid infusion, diuresis, and antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime methylchloride. On the basis of comprehensive treatment, people in the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group were given 5% sodium bicarbonate injection and ulinastatin. The clinical effect of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe serum cholinesterase activity of the sodium bicarbonate+ulinastatin group was significantly higher than the conventional treatment group from the 5th day, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The total atropine dosage, total pralidoxime methylchloride dosage and hospitalization days were better than the conventional treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The difference in the time of atropinization between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . The results of arterial blood pH, HCO3- of the sodium bicarbonate + ulinastatin group were higher than the conventional treatment group, and the difference of HCO3- at the 10th day was statistically significant (P<0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSSodium bicarbonate combined with ulinastatin can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce complications in the treatment of acute phoxim pesticide poisoning, and have beneficial effects on the recovery of cholinesterase activity.

Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Cholinesterases ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Pralidoxime Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective intervention measures and prevention strategies.

METHODSThe data from report cards of pesticide poisoning in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2013 were arranged using EXCEL tables, and assessed. Statistical analysis was applied to the epidemiological data using SPSS.

RESULTSFrom 2006 to 2013, a total of 32672 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in Jiangsu Province. Most of the cases were caused by non-occupational poisoning (life poisoning) (72.78%). A majority of patients with pesticide poisoning were 35-54 years old (40.85%) or older than 65 years (15.69%). There were more female patients (58.22%) than male patients (41.78%). Among patients with occupational poisoning, male patients (50.90%) were more than female patients. Among patients with non-occupational poisoning, female patients were more than male patients (38.37%). Pesticide poisoning mainly occurred from July to September. The case-fatality rate of occupational poisoning (0.47%) was lower than that of non-occupational poisoning (7.10%). All 13 cities in Jiangsu Province reported cases of pesticide poisoning. There were more cases in the northern regions than in the southern regions. Pesticide poisoning was mainly caused by organophosphorus insecticides including methamidophos, dichlorvos, dimethoate, omethoate, and parathion, which accounted for 65.58%of all cases. Paraquat had the highest case-fatality rate (10.06%) among all pesticides, followed by tetramine (10.00%), dimethoate or omethoate (7.85%), methamidophos (7.79%), and dimehypo (7.68%).

CONCLUSIONPesticide poisoning cannot be ignored. The management and control should be improved in production and usage of highly toxic pesticides including organophosphorus insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides. More attention should be paid to the protection of vulnerable groups including women, children, and the elderly.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Dichlorvos ; Dimethoate ; analogs & derivatives ; Environmental Exposure ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Paraquat ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Rodenticides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in animal foods and to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chinese population.

METHODS115 samples, including pork, beef, mutton, chicken, fish, eggs, and milk were collected from 13 provinces in China, were analyzed by dual gas chromatography-dual pulsed flame photometry (GC-PFPD) for the contamination of 58 organophosphorus pesticide residues including their metabolites. The cumulative exposure assessment and high-end exposure assessment were used to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chineses population.

RESULTSThe contamination levels of OPPs in animal foods were in the range of not detected (ND)-0.343 mg/kg, and the total detection rate was 37.4% (43/115). OPPs were frequently detected in samples of milk, fish and pork compared with other animal foods with the detection rate of 12/19, 9/16 and 7/16, respectively. The cumulative exposure amount of 10 OPPs to Chinese population was 0.12 µg×kg(-1)·d(-1), which accounted for 7.29% of the ADI.

CONCLUSIONThe residue levels of OPPs were low in animal food in the surveyed areas in China with some banned individual OPPs, such as methamidophos and monocrotophos, were detected. The dietary exposure risk of OPPs raised by the intake of animal foods in surveyed areas of China was low.

Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Chromatography, Gas ; Diet ; Eggs ; Food ; Food Contamination ; Meat ; Milk ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticide Residues ; Pesticides ; Sheep ; Swine

Transplant biopsy has always been the gold standard for assessing the immune response to a kidney allograft (Chandraker A: Diagnostic techniques in the work-up of renal allograft dysfunction-an update. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 8:723-728, 1999). A biopsy is not without risk and is unable to predict rejection and is only diagnostic once rejection has already occurred. However, in the past two decades, we have seen an expansion in assays that can potentially put an end to the "drug level" era, which until now has been one of the few tools available to clinicians for monitoring the immune response. A better understanding of the mechanisms of rejection and tolerance, and technological advances has led to the development of new noninvasive methods to monitor the immune response. In this article, we discuss these new methods and their potential uses in renal transplant recipients.
Biopsy ; Kidney ; Monitoring, Immunologic ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of hepatic failure after liver surgery, but there is no direct method to monitor it in real-time (like an ECG in heart disease) during surgery. Recently we found the possible role of bioelectrical impedance (BEI) to monitor I/R injury in liver, but the mechanism responsible for ischemia-related BEI changes has not been clearly determined. METHODS: The authors used a LCR meter to quantify BEI changes at 0.12 KHz. Livers were subjected to 70% partial ischemia for 120 minutes, and ATP content, cation changes in extracellular fluid (ECF; determined using an in vivo intracellular microdialysis technique), hepatocyte sizes, and histological changes were then examined. RESULTS: Liver tissue BEI was found to increase gradually during the first 60 minutes of ischemia and then tended to plateau. During the same period, intracellular ATP content decreased to below 20% of the baseline level, [Na+] in ECF decreased from 150.4+/-3.8 to 97.8+/-10.6 mmol/L, and [K+] in ECF increased from 7.5+/-0.3 to 34.3+/-5.5 mmol/L during the first 60 minutes of ischemia. Hepatocyte diameter increased by approximately 20% during the first 60 minutes of ischemia. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that BEI changes during hepatic ischemia are probably caused by sodium and potassium concentration changes in the ECF due to reduced intracellular ATP content.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Cations ; Electric Impedance ; Electrocardiography ; Extracellular Fluid ; Heart ; Hepatocytes ; Ischemia ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Microdialysis ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Potassium ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Sodium

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic, remitting and relapsing diseases causing chronic inflammation of intestine. Initial diagnosis, assessment of disease activity, and prediction of treatment outcomes present challenges to physicians in clinical care of IBD. Therefore it is critical to accurately determine inflammatory activity of the gut. Endoscopy, the current gold standard for assessing and monitoring intestinal inflammation, is costly, invasive and at times, dangerous. Fecal biomarkers are a simple, reliable, non-invasive test that, because of their direct contact with the intestinal mucosa, may be more accurate in determining intestinal inflammation than serum biomarkers. Since calprotectin was identified as a marker for IBD, several additional fecal markers, including lactoferrin, S100A12, and M2-pyruvate kinase, have been evaluated for their ability to differentiate and monitor disease activity. Fecal biomarkers are useful in differentiating IBD from functional bowel disorders, monitoring response to treatment and predicting clinical and endoscopic relapse. Although they may not ever replace endoscopy, fecal markers could minimize unnecessary, potentially dangerous examinations and help guide IBD management in a more cost-effective manner.
Biomarkers ; Endoscopy ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestines ; Lactoferrin ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Phosphotransferases ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral vasospasm is a common and potentially devastating complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Inflammatory processes seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm. C-reactive protein (CRP) constitutes a highly sensitive inflammatory marker. Elevation of serum CRP levels has been demonstrated in patients with aSAH. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the possible relationship between CRP levels in the serum and transcranial Doppler (TCD) and the development of vasospasm in patients with aSAH. METHODS: A total of 61 adult patients in whom aSAH was diagnosed were included in the study from November 2008 to May 2011. The patients' demographics, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, CT scans, digital subtraction angiography studies, and daily neurological examinations were recorded. Serial serum CRP measurements were obtained on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 and TCD was measured on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13. All patients underwent either surgical or endovascular treatment within 24 hours of their hemorrhagic attacks. RESULTS: Serum CRP levels peaked on the 3rd postoperative day. There were significant differences between the vasospasm group and the non-vasospasm group on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. There were significant differences between the vasospasm group and the non-vasospasm group on the 3rd day in the mean middle cerebral artery velocities on TCD. CONCLUSION: Patients with high levels of CRP on the 1st postoperative day and high velocity of mean TCD on the 3rd postoperative day may require closer observation to monitor for the development of vasospasm.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Demography ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurologic Examination ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

Drowning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning