Ocular Leptospirosis Presenting as Neuroretinitis in Patients without Systemic Symptoms Neuroretinitis is an atypical presentation of ocular leptospirosis. Patients present with neuroretinitis as the only sign of leptospirosis which poses a diagnostic challenge. We reported two cases of ocular leptospirosis with neuroretinitis presentation in healthy individuals. Both patients presented swollen discs, macula star and retinal vasculitis. None of the patients had systemic symptoms of leptospirosis before the ocular complaint. Both patients were treated with oral doxycycline for four weeks and recovered well.

Steroid-induced glaucoma is the most serious complication of the injudicious use of steroids, particularly among children affected by allergic conjunctivitis. This condition is steroid-dependent, and children are commonly being prescribed topical anti-inflammatories, including topical steroids, by general practitioners. Furthermore, topical steroids are also available over the counter, and this availability contributes to overuse without proper monitoring by an ophthalmologist. We present a series of five cases illustrating the devastating effect of unmonitored, long-term use of steroids among children for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The medications were prescribed initially by general ophthalmologists and were continually bought over the counter by parents. At the presentation to our center, these patients were already compromised visually, exhibiting glaucomatous optic disc changes and high intraocular pressure. The series highlights the optic nerve damage resulting in irreversible visual compromises among children on long-term, topical steroids and the importance of regular monitoring with a low threshold for ophthalmologist referral.

A 28-year-old Malay woman presented with severe loss of vision in both eyes associated with periocular pain on eye movement. She was completely blind at presentation and examination showed optic discs swelling. Optic nerve imaging showed ‘doughnut sign’, characteristic of optic perineuritis. Steroid was given over six months. Visual function improved gradually and was maintained at one year follow-up. This case highlights the importance of differentiation between optic neuritis and optic perineuritis as visual recovery depends on prolonged management with corticosteroid in optic perineuritis.

A 28-year-old Malay woman presented with severe loss of vision in both eyes associated with periocular pain on eye movement. She was completely blind at presentation and examination showed optic discs swelling. Optic nerve imaging showed ‘doughnut sign’, characteristic of optic perineuritis. Steroid was given over six months. Visual function improved gradually and was maintained at one year follow-up. This case highlights the importance of differentiation between optic neuritis and optic perineuritis as visual recovery depends on prolonged management with corticosteroid in optic perineuritis.
Optic Neuritis