Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains has been increasing globally in recent years. In Mongolia, data on MRSA prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility in purulent skin infections remain limited. Aim: To assess the prevalence of MRSA and MDR S. aureus and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in purulent skin infections. Materials and Methods: This laboratory-based retrospective study analyzed 22,753 samples collected between 2015−2025 at the National Dermatology Center of Mongolia, in which S. aureus was identified. MDR was defined according to the Magiorakos criteria as resistance to three or more antibiotic classes. Prevalence was expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Group differences were assessed using the chi-square (χ²) test; and age- and sex-related risks were estimated using odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: MRSA was detected in 18.8% (n=4,278) and MDR in 40.7% (n=9,258) of cases. The prevalence of MRSA increased significantly from 0–1.6% during 2015–2019 to 15–34.2% during 2020–2025 (p<0.001). MDR prevalence peaked at 53.9% (n=1,682) in 2022. No statistically significant sex differences were observed for MRSA (female: 2,331; male: 1,947) or MDR (female: 4,958; male: 4,300) (p>0.05). MRSA prevalence was highest in children under 1 year (47.4%) and lowest in those aged 15–24 years (14.8%), while MDR prevalence increased significantly with age and was highest among individuals aged ≥81 years (p<0.001). The presence of MRSA was associated with a 16.76-fold higher likelihood of MDR S. aureus (p<0.001). Antibiotic resistance was highest for penicillin-class antibiotics (ampicillin 91.5%, amoxicillin 75.4%), whereas susceptibility remained high for vancomycin (4.4% resistance), nitrofurantoin (4.6%), and amikacin (10.1%). Conclusion Over the past decade, the prevalence of MRSA and MDR S. aureus in purulent skin infections has increased markedly. Although resistance to penicillin-class antibiotics remains high, susceptibility to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin is largely preserved. The higher prevalence observed in younger and older age groups highlights the need to strengthen infection control measures and promote the rational use of antibiotics.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in its pathogenesis not only drive keratinocyte hyperproliferation but are also associated with systemic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia, increasing the risk of multi-organ complications. In Mongolia, studies evaluating laboratory parameters among patients with psoriasis remain limited, which underscores the need for the present study. Aim: To assess selected laboratory parameters in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of 678 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of psoriasis (ICD-10: L40) at the National Dermatology Center. Relevant laboratory data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Among the 678 patients, 397 (58.5%) were male and 281 (41.4%) were female, with a mean age of 42.6 ± 15.6 years. According to ICD-10 classification, 359 (52.9%) were diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris (L40.0). Disease severity was significantly higher in males (p = 0.006). The mean laboratory values were as follows: total cholesterol 5.35 ± 1.72 mmol/L, triglycerides 2.02 ± 7.83 mmol/L, glucose 5.34 ± 4.46 mmol/L, AST 32.27 ± 36.23 U/L, ALT 35.39 ± 38.52 U/L, and uric acid 320.39 ± 106.67 µmol/L. Significant sex-based differences were observed in ALT, AST (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0001), and uric acid levels (p < 0.0001). A weak positive correlation was identified between uric acid levels and body mass index (r = 0.16, p < 0.05). Conclusion Chronic systemic inflammation in psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Regular monitoring of laboratory parameters is a simple yet essential approach for early detection and prevention of comorbidities, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life

To measure hardness of bone density, and study its relationship with serum calcium, phosphorus, Calcitonin levels and urine calcium level.Pre-designed questionnaire is used to reveal any risk factors associated with osteoporosis and also BMI is evaluated based on measurements of weight, height, bust and waist circumference. Study participants were measured their bone mass density of wrist and shin by ultrasound ( Sunlight MiniOmni, Beammed, USA). Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were analyzed by automatedbiochemical analyzer, Integra 800, according to the adhered protocol to the machine. New, clean urine containers were distributed to participant a day before urine test day and middle part of urine is collected into the container. The urine calcium level was analyzed by automated biochemical analyzer, Cobas Integra 800, according to the machine protocol. Calcitonin level was analyzed by ELISA kit by Eu cardio company of United States.Total of 80 people ages 26 to 87 from Ulaanbaatar were participated for this study. 29 (36.3%) ofthem were males whereas, 51 (63.8%) of them were females. Serum calcium average level was2.0+-0.2mmol/L, serum phosphorus average level was 0.8+-0.1mmol/L while urine calcium level was 3.9+-2.5mmol/L. According to our result, bone mass density was related to age (r=-0.495), serum calcium level has statistically important relationship (p<0.05) with bone mass density (r=-0.326), age(r=0.277), serum phosphorus (r=0.351), and urine calcium level (r=-0.316). Measurement above did not have statistically important relationship with Calcitonin level.Osteoclast might be dominating in osteoporosis since bone mass density is decreasing while serum calcium level is increasing along with aging.