The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

In the pathological process of acute lung injury,uncontrolled inflammatory response will lead to severe consequences,and pyroptosis plays a vital factor in a cell programmed inflammatory necrosis.When the body is imbalanced due to excessive pyroptosis,it can lead to lung injury in the lungs.TCM emphasizes the balance of the body and the balance of yin and yang.Based on the"yin-yang"theory and"pathogenic factors and healthy qi"theory of TCM,this article discussed the yin-yang changes,growth and decline,and opposing constraints of cell pyroptosis in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury at the cellular level,and explained the possible basis of TCM in preventing and treating cell pyroptosis,providing theoretical reference for the intervention of TCM in the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury with cell pyroptosis.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 75 hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation(50 with persistent atrial fibrillation and 25 with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation)from Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2023 and December 2023 were selected as study subjects,along with 50 normal control patients.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation.Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between expression levels and risk factors for atrial fibrillation,and ROC curves were used to predict the diagnostic cut-off values for LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in diagnosing atrial fibrillation.Results There were statistically significant differences in baseline diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease,biochemical indicators such as Cr and BNP,and myocardial remodeling indicators such as LAd and LVEF between the AF(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation)group and the Normal group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 in the plasma of the atrial fibrillation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05)and were negatively correlated with LVEF(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 in predicting atrial fibrillation were 0.967(95％CI:0.938～0.995)and 0.900(95％CI:0.838～0.963),respectively.The optimal cut-off values were 1.985 and 0.915,with sensitivities of 88％and 76％,respectively,and specificities of 94％and 90％,respectively.Conclusion LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 are independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation and have certain predictive value for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

Objective To integrate relevant evidences on postoperative pulmonary infections in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage so as to provide references for clinical practice.Methods Domestic and international databases were searched,including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Cochrane Library,the U.S.National Guidelines Library,JBI,NICE,Medlive,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,SinoMed and Yiigle for clinical decisions,expert consensus,clinical guidelines,best evidence summaries,systematic evaluations,Meta-analyses,and randomized controlled trials on pulmonary infections in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Literature was screened according to the inclusion criteria.Qualitative assessment was performed,and evidences were extracted.Results A total of 16 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decisions,7 expert consensus,3 guidelines,3 systematic reviews and 1 RCT.Finally,30 pieces of evidence were obtained in 7 domains:team management,risk assessment,mis-inhalation management,airway management,nutritional support,oral care and rehabilitation.Conclusion The best evidence for the management of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage summarised in this study can provide references for clinical interventions.Clinical staff should reasonably apply the evidence according to the specific situations.

In the pathological process of acute lung injury,uncontrolled inflammatory response will lead to severe consequences,and pyroptosis plays a vital factor in a cell programmed inflammatory necrosis.When the body is imbalanced due to excessive pyroptosis,it can lead to lung injury in the lungs.TCM emphasizes the balance of the body and the balance of yin and yang.Based on the"yin-yang"theory and"pathogenic factors and healthy qi"theory of TCM,this article discussed the yin-yang changes,growth and decline,and opposing constraints of cell pyroptosis in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury at the cellular level,and explained the possible basis of TCM in preventing and treating cell pyroptosis,providing theoretical reference for the intervention of TCM in the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury with cell pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of the patients with severe infections who were treated with polymyxin B and compare the plasma concentration of polymyxin B among the patients with severe infections with different creatinine clearance rates(Ccr).METHODS The clinical data were collected from 152 patients with severe infections who were treated with intravenous polymyxin B in intensive care unit(ICU)of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from Jan.2021 to Mar.2023.The trough concentration(Cmin),median concen-tration(C1/2t)and peak concentration(Cmax)of polymyxin B were determined after 5 doses were completed.Based of the area under the curve(AUC)of drug concentration of polymyxin B(AUC0～24h)combined with the Ccr level[the ≤30 to＜60 ml/min group(n=40),the 60 to＜130ml/min group(n=79),and the ≥ 130ml/min group(n=33)],the AUC0～24h of polymyxin B were calculated,and the influence of Ccr on the plasma concentration was observed.RESULTS Among the 152 patients with severe infections,118 were male,and 34 were female,with the age ranging between 20 and 90 years old;the patients with high blood pressure accounted for 14.47％(22/152),the patients with diabetes mellitus 7.24％(11/152).Polymyxin B is primarily used in clinical settings for the treatment of pulmonary infections and bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.The median initial dose and the median maintenance dose were 1.35(1.00,1.67)mg/kg q12 h and 1.07(0.83,1.25)mg/kg q12 h,respectively.The median AUC0～24h of polymyxin B was 76.57(54.65,106.47)μg·h/ml among the 152 patients,and the patients with AUC0～24 h ranging between 50 and 100 μg·h/ml accounted for 53.95％(82/152).Although the median AUC0～24h of polymyxin B of all the three groups ranged between 50 and 100)μg·h/ml,there were significant differences in Cmin,C1/2t,Cmax and AUC0～24h among the three groups(P＜0.05).In addition,there were significant differences in the AUC0～24h of polymyxin B less than 50 μg·h/ml,ranging between 50 and 100 μg·h/ml and more than 100 μg·h/ml among the three groups of patients(x2=21.632,P＜0.001).CONCLUSION Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)is nec-essary for the patients with severe infection who receive the polymyxin B for treatment,especially for the patients with Ccr ≤30 to＜60 ml/min and Ccr ≥130 ml/min.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of the patients with severe infections who were treated with polymyxin B and compare the plasma concentration of polymyxin B among the patients with severe infections with different creatinine clearance rates(Ccr).METHODS The clinical data were collected from 152 patients with severe infections who were treated with intravenous polymyxin B in intensive care unit(ICU)of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from Jan.2021 to Mar.2023.The trough concentration(Cmin),median concen-tration(C1/2t)and peak concentration(Cmax)of polymyxin B were determined after 5 doses were completed.Based of the area under the curve(AUC)of drug concentration of polymyxin B(AUC0～24h)combined with the Ccr level[the ≤30 to＜60 ml/min group(n=40),the 60 to＜130ml/min group(n=79),and the ≥ 130ml/min group(n=33)],the AUC0～24h of polymyxin B were calculated,and the influence of Ccr on the plasma concentration was observed.RESULTS Among the 152 patients with severe infections,118 were male,and 34 were female,with the age ranging between 20 and 90 years old;the patients with high blood pressure accounted for 14.47％(22/152),the patients with diabetes mellitus 7.24％(11/152).Polymyxin B is primarily used in clinical settings for the treatment of pulmonary infections and bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.The median initial dose and the median maintenance dose were 1.35(1.00,1.67)mg/kg q12 h and 1.07(0.83,1.25)mg/kg q12 h,respectively.The median AUC0～24h of polymyxin B was 76.57(54.65,106.47)μg·h/ml among the 152 patients,and the patients with AUC0～24 h ranging between 50 and 100 μg·h/ml accounted for 53.95％(82/152).Although the median AUC0～24h of polymyxin B of all the three groups ranged between 50 and 100)μg·h/ml,there were significant differences in Cmin,C1/2t,Cmax and AUC0～24h among the three groups(P＜0.05).In addition,there were significant differences in the AUC0～24h of polymyxin B less than 50 μg·h/ml,ranging between 50 and 100 μg·h/ml and more than 100 μg·h/ml among the three groups of patients(x2=21.632,P＜0.001).CONCLUSION Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)is nec-essary for the patients with severe infection who receive the polymyxin B for treatment,especially for the patients with Ccr ≤30 to＜60 ml/min and Ccr ≥130 ml/min.

Objective To integrate relevant evidences on postoperative pulmonary infections in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage so as to provide references for clinical practice.Methods Domestic and international databases were searched,including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Cochrane Library,the U.S.National Guidelines Library,JBI,NICE,Medlive,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,SinoMed and Yiigle for clinical decisions,expert consensus,clinical guidelines,best evidence summaries,systematic evaluations,Meta-analyses,and randomized controlled trials on pulmonary infections in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Literature was screened according to the inclusion criteria.Qualitative assessment was performed,and evidences were extracted.Results A total of 16 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decisions,7 expert consensus,3 guidelines,3 systematic reviews and 1 RCT.Finally,30 pieces of evidence were obtained in 7 domains:team management,risk assessment,mis-inhalation management,airway management,nutritional support,oral care and rehabilitation.Conclusion The best evidence for the management of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage summarised in this study can provide references for clinical interventions.Clinical staff should reasonably apply the evidence according to the specific situations.

Objective:To explore the application value and surgical experience of neuroendoscopic resection for pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors.Methods:This was a case series study.The clinical data and outcomes of 30 pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors treated through neuroendoscopic surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, the Guizhou Hospital of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center and Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty-six patients underwent total resection, 3 patients underwent subtotal resection, and 1 patient underwent biopsy.Postoperative pathological findings showed 9 cases of medulloblastoma, 3 cases of ependymoma, 17 cases of astrocytoma (5 cases of World Health Organization Grade Ⅰ, 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ, and 9 cases of Grade Ⅲ), and 1 case of cerebellar benign lesion.During the perioperative period, malignant arrhythmia occurred and induced death in 1 case, cerebellar mutism occurred in 12 cases, and ataxia occurred in 22 cases.During the 1-36 months of follow-up, 2 cases developed communicating hydrocephalus at the 2 nd and the 6 th month, respectively, and improved after ventriculoperitoneal shunt; cerebellar mutism was relieved to varying degrees after an average postoperative follow-up period of (115±23) days(46-194 days), and ataxia was alleviated after an average postoperative follow-up period of (127±42) days(27-173 days).Tumors relapsed in 5 cases during the last follow-up. Conclusions:Neuroendoscopy provides an alternative to the microscope for experienced operators to achieve the surgical exposure requirements during the resection of pediatric cerebellar vermis tumors.