Objective To conduct Monte Carlo simulations on the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source, investigate dose distributions under various conditions, and provide assistance in optimizing radiotherapy plans. Methods A microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source model was established based on the MCNP5 software. Theoretical calculation formulas were used to validate the simulation results. The dose distributions under different activities and positions were obtained through simulations using the MCNP5 transport program. By fitting the simulation data, the relationship between the safe distance for at-risk organs and treatment time was analyzed. Results As the distance from the origin increased in the X-direction, the distance required for the absorbed dose rate to decrease to half its original value increased, and the isodose lines became sparser. The shapes of the dose distribution diagrams under different activities were consistent, presenting concentric polygons and concentric circles at different distances. Under the condition of the same lethal dose, the difference in the safe distance between two organs increased with time; under different lethal dose conditions, the differences were not significant whether between similar organs or between different organs. Conclusion The Monte Carlo method can accurately describe the radiation field generated by the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radioactive source during high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Quantitative analysis of the radiation field will help optimize the radiotherapy plan.

Objective To investigate the role and potential mechanism of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during kidney transplantation. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups according to different interventions: sham operation group (Sham group), kidney transplantation group (KT group), kidney transplantation + GPX3 overexpression group (KT+GPX3 group) and kidney transplantation + GPX3 overexpression + reactive oxygen species (ROS) agonist group (KT+GPX3+CADD522 group). Twenty-four hours after model establishment, inferior vena cava blood was collected to detect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). Left renal tissues were harvested for immunofluorescence staining to detect ROS and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Western blotting was used to detect myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3). Results Compared with the Sham group, the expression level of GPX3 was decreased in the KT group; compared with the KT group, GPX3 expression was increased in the KT+GPX3 group; compared with the KT+GPX3 group, GPX3 expression was reduced in the KT+GPX3+CADD522 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the levels of Scr, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 were elevated in the KT group; compared with the KT group, the above indicators were decreased in the KT+GPX3 group; compared with the KT+GPX3 group, the levels of Scr, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 were increased in the KT+GPX3+CADD522 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the expression levels of NOX2 and ROS were increased in the KT group; compared with the KT group, NOX2 and ROS levels were decreased in the KT+GPX3 group; compared with the KT+GPX3 group, NOX2 and ROS levels were upregulated in the KT+GPX3+CADD522 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the expression levels of MPO and CitH3 were increased in the KT group; compared with the KT group, MPO and CitH3 levels were decreased in the KT+GPX3 group; compared with the KT+GPX3 group, MPO and CitH3 levels were increased in the KT+GPX3+CADD522 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in the KT group; compared with the KT group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased in the KT+GPX3 group; compared with the KT+GPX3 group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased in the KT+GPX3+CADD522 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions GPX3 may alleviate renal tissue inflammation by inhibiting ROS-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, thereby attenuating IRI in renal transplantation.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of different obesity indicators on acute cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total of 310 patients with TIA admitted to Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2022 to September 2025 were selected and classified into non-event group (276 cases) and cerebral infarction group (34 cases) based on acute cerebral infarction within 90 days. The basic data and obesity-related indicators [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, body adiposity index (BAI), conicity index (C-index) and a body shape index (ABSI were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to screen the independent influencing factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive efficiency. Results The age, proportions of concurrent hypertension and concurrent diabetes mellitus, ABCD2 score, waist-to-hip ratio, ABSI, C-index, BMI and BAI in the cerebral infarction group were older or higher than those in the non-event group, and the symptoms duration was longer (P<0.05). The above indicators were all related factors for acute cerebral infarction in patients with TIA within 90 days (P<0.05), and ABSI and ABCD² score were independent influencing factors (P<0.05). The prediction model was manifested as Logit (P)=− 4.205 + 0.482 × ABCD² score + 1.120 × ABSI × 100. ABSI and ABCD2 score had predictive value on the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction (P<0.05), and the predictive efficiency of combined model was higher than that of single indicator (P<0.05). Conclusion Among different obesity indicators, ABSI has the highest value on predicting recent acute cerebral infarction in TIA. The prediction model based on ABSI and ABCD2 score exhibits the best predictive efficiency.

Objective To conduct Monte Carlo simulations on the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source, investigate dose distributions under various conditions, and provide assistance in optimizing radiotherapy plans. Methods A microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source model was established based on the MCNP5 software. Theoretical calculation formulas were used to validate the simulation results. The dose distributions under different activities and positions were obtained through simulations using the MCNP5 transport program. By fitting the simulation data, the relationship between the safe distance for at-risk organs and treatment time was analyzed. Results As the distance from the origin increased in the X-direction, the distance required for the absorbed dose rate to decrease to half its original value increased, and the isodose lines became sparser. The shapes of the dose distribution diagrams under different activities were consistent, presenting concentric polygons and concentric circles at different distances. Under the condition of the same lethal dose, the difference in the safe distance between two organs increased with time; under different lethal dose conditions, the differences were not significant whether between similar organs or between different organs. Conclusion The Monte Carlo method can accurately describe the radiation field generated by the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radioactive source during high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Quantitative analysis of the radiation field will help optimize the radiotherapy plan.

Objective To conduct Monte Carlo simulations on the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source, investigate dose distributions under various conditions, and provide assistance in optimizing radiotherapy plans. Methods A microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radiation source model was established based on the MCNP5 software. Theoretical calculation formulas were used to validate the simulation results. The dose distributions under different activities and positions were obtained through simulations using the MCNP5 transport program. By fitting the simulation data, the relationship between the safe distance for at-risk organs and treatment time was analyzed. Results As the distance from the origin increased in the X-direction, the distance required for the absorbed dose rate to decrease to half its original value increased, and the isodose lines became sparser. The shapes of the dose distribution diagrams under different activities were consistent, presenting concentric polygons and concentric circles at different distances. Under the condition of the same lethal dose, the difference in the safe distance between two organs increased with time; under different lethal dose conditions, the differences were not significant whether between similar organs or between different organs. Conclusion The Monte Carlo method can accurately describe the radiation field generated by the microselectro-HDR¹⁹²Ir radioactive source during high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Quantitative analysis of the radiation field will help optimize the radiotherapy plan.

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors and role of mother‒child gut microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical risk factors associated with PIBD, analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota of children and their mothers, and examine the correlation of the microbial composition in mother‒child pairs. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including children with PIBD and their mothers as the case group, as well as healthy children and their mothers as the control group. Questionnaires were used to collect information such as family illness history and maternal and early-life events. Fecal samples were collected from the children and mothers for microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the composition and its potential association with PIBD. RESULTS: A total of 54 pairs of cases and 122 pairs of controls were recruited. A family history of autoimmune disease and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of PIBD, and a higher education level of the father was associated with a decreased risk of PIBD. Children with PIBD and mothers exhibited different gut microbiota compared to healthy children and mothers. Similarities were observed in the gut microbiota of mothers and children in the same groups. Some bacterial biomarkers of mothers discovered in this study had the power to predict PIBD in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS PIBD is influenced by maternal risk factors and has unique gut microbiota characteristics. The mother‒child gut microbiota is closely related, suggesting the transmission and influence of the gut microbiota between mothers and children. This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of PIBD and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Child ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology* ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a high-molecular-weight protein complex in the cytoplasm, is composed of three core components: the sensor protein NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) and the effector protein caspase-1. It plays a critical role in regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome has increasingly become a focal point in tumor molecular biology field. A growing body of evidence indicates that the increased expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is closely associated with the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It may promote tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and other biological behaviors through various regulatory mechanisms while influencing tumor immune evasion and therapy resistance, which holds promise as a prognostic biomarker for patients. This review explores the current effect and mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its signaling pathways in head and neck cancer, providing insights into clinical targeted drug development and molecular immunotherapy.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Signal Transduction ; Animals

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin（EDN）is an intracellular protein released during eosinophil activation，possessing ribonuclease activity.As a pivotal immunoregulatory molecule，EDN exerts significant influence on the immune response of the organism.Serving as a biomarker，it can reflect the activation state of eosinophils，providing robust support for the diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of allergic diseases.This article focuses on the application of EDN in various allergic diseases，including its effectiveness as a diagnostic tool，assessment of disease severity，and prognosis.By reviewing existing research findings，this review aims to provide references for further research and clinical practice in related fields.

Objective To analyze the relationship between abnormal expression of serum neurohemoglobin(NGB)and myelin basic protein(MBP)and the cerebral neurodevelopment of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods A total of 89 preterm infants with HIE admitted in the hospital between January 2023 and March 2024 were selected as the observation group,and 60 preterm infants without HIE during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum levels of MBP,NGB and secretagogues in two groups were detected,and the neonates amplitude integration electroencephalogram score was evaluated.The neurological function of neonates was evaluated using 20 items of Neonatal Behavioral Neurological As-sessment(NBNA).The correlation test and diagnostic value were evaluated using Spearman method and re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum levels of NGB,MBP and secretagogue in the ob-servation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the amplitude integration electroencepha-logram score was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum MBP,NGB and secretagogue levels in the mild,moderate,and severe groups increased sequentially(P<0.05),NBNA score and amplitude integration e-lectroencephalogram score decreased sequentially(P<0.05).The levels of NGB,MBP and secretagogue were the risk factors affecting NBNA score(P<0.05),and the amplitude integration electroencephalogram score was a protective factor affecting NBNA score(P<0.05).The area under the curve of NGB and MBP in diag-nosing HIE was greater than 0.8,which had high application value.Conclusion Serum NGB and MBP levels are closely related to the severity of HIE,and have certain connection with NBNA score.Elevated levels of NGB and MBP in neonates with HIE may be related to the body's stress response to nerve damage,which could reflect to some extent the brain nerve function damage in with HIE.

Objective To analyze the expression of serum mannose binding lectin associated serine protease 1(MASP1)and protein kinase D2(PRKD2)in locally advanced cervical cancer(LACC)patients,and their relationship with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT).Methods The clinical data of 98 LACC patients(LACC group)treated with NACT in the hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were retrospective-ly selected,and they were divided into effective group(n=76)and ineffective group(n=22)according to the efficacy.Fifty patients with early cervical cancer diagnosed and treated in the same period were selected as the early cervical cancer group,and 50 female health examination subjects were selected as the healthy control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of MASP1 and PRKD2.Logis-tic regression analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors of NACT efficacy.The evaluation value of serum MASP1 and PRKD2 on the efficacy of NACT were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The serum levels of MASP1 and PRKD2 in the LACC group were higher than those in the ear-ly cervical cancer group and the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The serum levels of MASP1 and PRKD2 in LACC group were correlated with International Federation of Gy-necology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage and pathological grade,and the serum levels of MASP1 and PRKD2 in patients with FIGO stage Ⅲ and pathological grade G3 were higher(P＜0.05).FIGO stage Ⅲ proportion,se-rum MASP1 and serum PRKD2 levels in NACT ineffective group were higher than those in effective group(P＜0.05).FIGO stage Ⅲ,serum MASP1 and serum PRKD2 were independent risk factors for NACT efficacy in LACC patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum MASP1 and PRKD2 combined to evaluate the efficacy of NACT was 0.883(95％CI:0.828-0.935),which was larger than 0.802(95％CI:0.761-0.846)and 0.825(95％CI:0.764-0.852)predicted by the single index,and the difference were statistically significant(Z=4.111,5.012,both P＜0.001).Conclusion Level of serum MASP1 and PRKD2 in LACC pa-tients are increase,which are independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of NACT.Combined detection of MASP1 and PRKD2 has high predictive value for NACT efficacy.