The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between relative grip strength and hyperuricemia (HUA) levels in university freshmen, and to explore the potential value of muscle function indicators in HUA prevention among young populations, so as to provide new scientific evidences for HUA control in the demographic. Methods: Utilizing health examination data from 1 744 freshmen enrolled in a Shaanxi Province university in September 2024, absolute grip strength was measured using CAMRY electronic dynamometers, with relative grip strength subsequently calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to examine relationships between student characteristics and relative grip strength, and binary Logistic regression models assessed the association strength between relative grip strength and HUA. Results: The overall HUA detection rate among freshmen was 29.8%, with significant gender differences (male:43.1%; female:24.0%; χ 2=64.62, P <0.01). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between relative grip strength, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and HUA in both genders (boys: r =-0.27, 0.54, 0.11 , 0.53; girls: r =-0.18, 0.33, 0.08, 0.33, all P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression demonstrated that each standard deviation increase in relative grip strength reduced HUA risk by 77% in males ( OR=0.23, 95%CI =0.14-0.37) and 80% in females ( OR=0.20, 95%CI =0.11-0.36) (both P <0.01). Conclusions Relative grip strength represents a significant factor associated with HUA in university students. Incorporating muscle strength training into HUA prevention programs and establishing muscle function based HUA risk warning systems should be considered.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a high-molecular-weight protein complex in the cytoplasm, is composed of three core components: the sensor protein NLRP3, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) and the effector protein caspase-1. It plays a critical role in regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome has increasingly become a focal point in tumor molecular biology field. A growing body of evidence indicates that the increased expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is closely associated with the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It may promote tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and other biological behaviors through various regulatory mechanisms while influencing tumor immune evasion and therapy resistance, which holds promise as a prognostic biomarker for patients. This review explores the current effect and mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its signaling pathways in head and neck cancer, providing insights into clinical targeted drug development and molecular immunotherapy.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Signal Transduction ; Animals

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors and role of mother‒child gut microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical risk factors associated with PIBD, analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota of children and their mothers, and examine the correlation of the microbial composition in mother‒child pairs. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including children with PIBD and their mothers as the case group, as well as healthy children and their mothers as the control group. Questionnaires were used to collect information such as family illness history and maternal and early-life events. Fecal samples were collected from the children and mothers for microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the composition and its potential association with PIBD. RESULTS: A total of 54 pairs of cases and 122 pairs of controls were recruited. A family history of autoimmune disease and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of PIBD, and a higher education level of the father was associated with a decreased risk of PIBD. Children with PIBD and mothers exhibited different gut microbiota compared to healthy children and mothers. Similarities were observed in the gut microbiota of mothers and children in the same groups. Some bacterial biomarkers of mothers discovered in this study had the power to predict PIBD in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS PIBD is influenced by maternal risk factors and has unique gut microbiota characteristics. The mother‒child gut microbiota is closely related, suggesting the transmission and influence of the gut microbiota between mothers and children. This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of PIBD and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Child ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology* ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool

Objective To compare H_p(3) calibration with a homemade (A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an imported (B) TLD in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field, to explore the different responses of A and B, and to provide foundation for the calibration of H_p(3). Methods A column mode was selected. H_p(3) calibration was performed using A and B in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Angle response, energy response, and linear response were calibrated with RQR4 (60 kV), RQR7 (90 kV), and RQR9 (120 kV), respectively. Results In terms of angle response, the calibration results of A were relatively high, while the calibration results of B were relatively low. In terms of energy response, the calibration results showed a similar pattern to angle response. In terms of linear response, the calibration results of both A and B were satisfactory. Conclusion Both A and B can be used for normal calibration of H_p(3) in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field. However, in actual monitoring, attention should be paid to the energy and angle response values of TLDs.

ObjectiveTo explore the intervention effect and molecular mechanism of Dabufei decoction in Dunhuang formula combined with cisplatin on Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice. MethodFifty C57BL/6J mice were used， with 10 randomly assigned to the blank group （without modeling）， and 40 subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis cells to establish a Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mouse model. These 40 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups （with 10 mice in each group）： Model group （equal volume of physiological saline）， cisplatin group （5 mg·kg^-1）， Dabufei decoction group （14.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group （Dabufei decoction 14.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1 + cisplatin 5 mg·kg^-1）. Each group was treated continuously for 14 days. The general condition of the mice was observed， body weight changes were recorded， and the tumor inhibition rate， spleen index， and thymus index were calculated. Peripheral blood white blood cell （WBC）， platelet （PLT）， and hemoglobin （HGB） were detected by routine blood tests. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells （Treg） and natural killer （NK） cells in the spleen. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to determine the expression of proteins and mRNA related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in tumor tissues. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased body weight （P<0.05）， spleen index， and thymus index （P<0.05）， decreased percentage of NK cells in the spleen （P<0.05）， increased percentage of Treg cells （P<0.05）， and decreased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Dabufei decoction group exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition， increased body weight， and reduced tumor weight （P<0.05）， increased percentage of NK cells （P<0.05）， decreased proportion of Treg cells （P<0.05）， and increased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）. In the cisplatin group， tumor growth was significantly inhibited， body weight significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and tumor weight significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The spleen index and thymus index decreased （P<0.05）， and the percentage of Treg cells significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB significantly decreased （P<0.05）. In the Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group， tumor growth was significantly inhibited， and tumor weight significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The levels of phosphorylated PI3K， Akt， and mTOR proteins and mRNA in tumor tissues were significantly reduced in all medication groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the cisplatin group， the Dabufei decoction combined with cisplatin group showed significantly inhibited tumor growth， reduced tumor weight （P<0.05）， increased body weight （P<0.05）， increased spleen index and thymus index （P<0.05）， increased percentage of NK cells （P<0.05）， decreased percentage of Treg cells （P<0.05）， significantly increased counts of WBC， PLT， and HGB （P<0.05）， and reduced levels of phosphorylated PI3K， Akt， and mTOR and their mRNA （P<0.05）. ConclusionDabufei decoction combined with cisplatin has a synergistic effect with reduced toxicity， effectively regulating immune function， increasing the proportion of NK cells， reducing the proportion of Treg cells， improving bone marrow suppression， and downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth in Lewis lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice.

Objective To study the effects of radiation on the morphology,function,and NLRP3 expression of mouse salivary gland tissue,and provide new ideas to repair radiation-induced damage to salivary gland tissue.Methods We established a mouse model of radiation-induced submandibular gland injury and Recorded the weight of drinking water.The salivary flow rate was assessed,and HE staining was used to observe submandibular gland injury.Immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR were used to assess expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the radiation-injured submandibular gland of mice at 1,3,7 and 14 days after radiation exposure.Results Over time,the amount of water consumed by radiation group mice was gradually increased,the salivary flow rate was decreased,and inflammatory cells in the submandibular gland continued to increase.Acinar cells gradually showed lesions,such as nuclear pyknosis and vacuolization.At 7 and 14 days after radiation exposure,expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 proteins and genes in the radiation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Radiation damages mouse submandibular gland tissue and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to increase its expression level.

Objective:To explore the application value and surgical experience of neuroendoscopic resection for pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors.Methods:This was a case series study.The clinical data and outcomes of 30 pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors treated through neuroendoscopic surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, the Guizhou Hospital of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center and Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty-six patients underwent total resection, 3 patients underwent subtotal resection, and 1 patient underwent biopsy.Postoperative pathological findings showed 9 cases of medulloblastoma, 3 cases of ependymoma, 17 cases of astrocytoma (5 cases of World Health Organization Grade Ⅰ, 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ, and 9 cases of Grade Ⅲ), and 1 case of cerebellar benign lesion.During the perioperative period, malignant arrhythmia occurred and induced death in 1 case, cerebellar mutism occurred in 12 cases, and ataxia occurred in 22 cases.During the 1-36 months of follow-up, 2 cases developed communicating hydrocephalus at the 2 nd and the 6 th month, respectively, and improved after ventriculoperitoneal shunt; cerebellar mutism was relieved to varying degrees after an average postoperative follow-up period of (115±23) days(46-194 days), and ataxia was alleviated after an average postoperative follow-up period of (127±42) days(27-173 days).Tumors relapsed in 5 cases during the last follow-up. Conclusions:Neuroendoscopy provides an alternative to the microscope for experienced operators to achieve the surgical exposure requirements during the resection of pediatric cerebellar vermis tumors.

Objective:To explore the efficiency of a modified caries risk assessment tool(MCAT)on caries-risk prediction of children in Nanning.Methods:MCAT was designed based on caries-risk assessment tool(CAT)of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(AAPD)and the caries related factors of the primary school children in Guangxi,China.A cohort study was conducted in 332 children aged 3-year-old in kindergarten of Jiangnan District,Nanning,Guangxi.The data were integrated through questionnaires and oral exam-ination.The MCAT data were respectively scored by CAT and Cariogram and the caries-risk of the children was evaluated.The develop-ment of increased average caires incidece over a period of 1.5 years was compared,the predictive capacity of the methods was com-pared.Results:The ranks of caires risk assessed by CAT and Cariogram were significant different(Z=-10.34,P＜0.001),and the consistency of the 2 methods was poor(Kappa=0.234,P＜0.001).After 1.5 years,there was significant statistical difference of the caries prevalence rate between the low-high and moderate-high risk groups,and dmft increments between the moderate-high risk groups e-valuated by CAT(P＜0.05).There was significant difference of the caries prevalence rate between each risk groups and dmft increments between the low-high and moderate-high risk groups evaluated by Cariogram(P＜0.05).The AUC of CAT and Cariogram was 0.571 and 0.722 respectively(P＜0.001).In the prediction models of caries risk,the fitting of CAT was poor(P＜0.001),while that of Cariogram was better(P=1.00).Cariogram analysis showed that the chance of developing new caries lesions of the subjects with moderate and high caries risk was 2.86 and 11.65 times more than those with low caries risk.Conclusion:MCAT com-bined with Cariogram can more efficiently predict new caries de-velopment in 3-year-old children.