Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and factors affecting live birth of patients undergoing multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR), in order to provide reference for clinical strategies.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients who underwent multifetal pregnancy reduction among polychorionic multifetal pregnancy patients at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital during a period of 12 years from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020. The overall and annual clinical characteristics were analyzed, pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Patients were divided into live birth group ( n=1 555) and not live birth group ( n=205), and factors affecting live birth were analyzed by multivariate logistic. Through further subgroup analysis, multiple pregnancies were divided into three subgroups: dichorionic diamniotic twin, triplet pregnancy, and four or more high sequence multiple pregnancy. Results:A total of 1 925 patients who underwent MFPR were included, and 1 760 pregnancy outcomes were followed up. In the past 12 years, there had been an increase in dizygotic twins, and the proportion of transabdominal fetal reduction had significantly increased, from 3% in 2009 to 77% in 2020. The annual live birth rate of reduction patients fluctuated between 83% and 94%. The live birth rate of patients with MFPR was related with the type of multiple pregnancies, the method of reducing pregnancies, and the number of retained embryos. The live birth rate of four or more high sequence multiple pregnancies [75.8% (72/95)] was lower than that of dichorionic diamniotic twins [90.0% (796/884), P<0.001], the dichorionic diamniotic twins [89.9% (241/268), P<0.001], the trichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy [86.9% (446/513), P=0.005]. The live birth rate of transabdominal fetal reduction [91.4% (655/717)] was higher than that of transvaginal fetal reduction with fetal cardiac activity area injection of KCl [84.9% (304/358), P=0.001], and vaginal embryo aspiration [87.0% (596/685), P=0.009]. There was no statistically significant difference in the live birth rate between vaginal KCl injection and vaginal aspiration ( P=0.351). The survival rate of patients with retained singletons [89.7% (1 062/1 184)] was higher than that of patients with retained twins [85.6% (493/576), P=0.012]. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, assisted pregnancy method, type of multiple pregnancies, and number of retained embryos, transabdominal fetal reduction was an independent protective factor for live birth rate ( P=0.040, OR=1.604, 95% CI: 1.021-2.519). Conclusion:With the change of transplantation strategy, the proportion of dichorionic diamniotic twins increased, and the proportion of transabdominal fetal reduction increased, which pregnancy outcomes might be better. There was no difference in pregnancy outcomes between those who underwent vaginal aspiration and transvaginal fetal reduction with fetal cardiac activity area injection of KCl. The outcomes of four or more high sequence multiple pregnancies were poor, and it was necessary to strictly control the number of embryo transfers and optimize ovulation promotion plans in clinical practice.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and factors affecting live birth of patients undergoing multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR), in order to provide reference for clinical strategies.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients who underwent multifetal pregnancy reduction among polychorionic multifetal pregnancy patients at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital during a period of 12 years from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020. The overall and annual clinical characteristics were analyzed, pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Patients were divided into live birth group ( n=1 555) and not live birth group ( n=205), and factors affecting live birth were analyzed by multivariate logistic. Through further subgroup analysis, multiple pregnancies were divided into three subgroups: dichorionic diamniotic twin, triplet pregnancy, and four or more high sequence multiple pregnancy. Results:A total of 1 925 patients who underwent MFPR were included, and 1 760 pregnancy outcomes were followed up. In the past 12 years, there had been an increase in dizygotic twins, and the proportion of transabdominal fetal reduction had significantly increased, from 3% in 2009 to 77% in 2020. The annual live birth rate of reduction patients fluctuated between 83% and 94%. The live birth rate of patients with MFPR was related with the type of multiple pregnancies, the method of reducing pregnancies, and the number of retained embryos. The live birth rate of four or more high sequence multiple pregnancies [75.8% (72/95)] was lower than that of dichorionic diamniotic twins [90.0% (796/884), P<0.001], the dichorionic diamniotic twins [89.9% (241/268), P<0.001], the trichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy [86.9% (446/513), P=0.005]. The live birth rate of transabdominal fetal reduction [91.4% (655/717)] was higher than that of transvaginal fetal reduction with fetal cardiac activity area injection of KCl [84.9% (304/358), P=0.001], and vaginal embryo aspiration [87.0% (596/685), P=0.009]. There was no statistically significant difference in the live birth rate between vaginal KCl injection and vaginal aspiration ( P=0.351). The survival rate of patients with retained singletons [89.7% (1 062/1 184)] was higher than that of patients with retained twins [85.6% (493/576), P=0.012]. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, assisted pregnancy method, type of multiple pregnancies, and number of retained embryos, transabdominal fetal reduction was an independent protective factor for live birth rate ( P=0.040, OR=1.604, 95% CI: 1.021-2.519). Conclusion:With the change of transplantation strategy, the proportion of dichorionic diamniotic twins increased, and the proportion of transabdominal fetal reduction increased, which pregnancy outcomes might be better. There was no difference in pregnancy outcomes between those who underwent vaginal aspiration and transvaginal fetal reduction with fetal cardiac activity area injection of KCl. The outcomes of four or more high sequence multiple pregnancies were poor, and it was necessary to strictly control the number of embryo transfers and optimize ovulation promotion plans in clinical practice.

Objective:To summarize the clinical data of Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex aortic arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.Methods:From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, a total of 55 patients underwent resternotomy Sun's procedure in the Aortic Surgery Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, including 41 males and 14 females, with a mean age of(45.4±12.7) years old, were retrospectively analyzed. The indications of primary cardiac surgery included type A aortic dissection, aortic root or ascending aortic aneurysm, heart valve surgery, and coronary heart disease. Indications for reoperation included residual aortic dissection larger than 55 mm in diameter, aortic aneurysm dilation, new type A aortic dissection, anastomotic leakage with symptoms, and pseudoaneurysm. All the operations were performed under general anesthesia and median resternotomy, total aortic arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk implantation and were performed by anterograde unilateral or bilateral cerebral perfusion.Results:There was no intraoperative death, and the postoperative mortality was 9.1%(5/55). The causes of death were 2 cases of low cardiac output, 1 case of respiratory failure, 1 case of cerebral complications, and 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding. Except death, there were 2 cases of postoperative cerebral complications(2/50, 4%), 5 cases of spinal cord injury(transient paraplegia)(5/50, 10%), the median duration of ventilator use was 17 hours(14-42 h). Other postoperative complications included respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilatory support longer than 48 hours(8/50, 16%), renal insufficiency requiring temporary dialysis(2/50, 4%). The follow-up time was(25.9±11.2) months(10-47 months), during which 1 case died due to cerebral complication, 4 cases underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta replacement, and 1 case underwent anastomotic leakage repair.Conclusion:It is safe and effec to perform Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcome of whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with high ovarian response using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) single trigger or combined with low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dual trigger in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was conducted in Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital between January 2018 to December 2020, and the patients with high ovarian response undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) were divided into GnRH-a single trigger group (group A, n=251) and GnRH-a combined with low-dose hCG dual trigger group (group B, n=741) according to the trigger protocol. The clinical outcome was compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between group A and group B. Estrogen level on the day of trigger, number of embryos formed, number of two pronuclei (2PN) embryos formed, number of high-quality embryos formed and rate of embryo formation in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [(22 905.84±9 513.28) pmol/L vs. (17 200.82±6 811.64) pmol/L, P<0.001; 18.84±9.50 vs. 17.34±8.04, P=0.025; 16.06±8.24 vs. 14.87±7.07, P=0.042; 11.25±6.92 vs. 10.25±5.97, P=0.027; 68.6% (4 730/6 899) vs. 66.5% (12 852/19 326), P=0.002]. However, there were no significant differences in number of oocytes retrieved, mature oocyte rate and high-quality embryo rate between group A and group B (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in hCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and live birth rate per frozen-thawed embryo transfer between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in cumulative persistent pregnancy rate, cumulative live birth rate, proportion of low birth weight infants and birth defects per ovarian stimulation cycle between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of early-onset severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in group A was lower than that in group B, but there was no significant difference [0% vs. 1.5% (11/741), P=0.075]. Conclusion:The pregnancy outcome of whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with high ovarian response using GnRH-a single trigger was comparable to dual trigger combined with low-dose hCG in the GnRH-A protocol, and the risk of early onset severe OHSS was low. Therefore, in patients with high ovarian response in IVF/ICSI cycle using GnRH-A protocol, the use of GnRH-a single trigger followed by whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer could be considered as an optimal choice to minimize the risk of early onset OHSS without loss of pregnancy outcome.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcome of whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with high ovarian response using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) single trigger or combined with low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dual trigger in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was conducted in Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital between January 2018 to December 2020, and the patients with high ovarian response undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) were divided into GnRH-a single trigger group (group A, n=251) and GnRH-a combined with low-dose hCG dual trigger group (group B, n=741) according to the trigger protocol. The clinical outcome was compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between group A and group B. Estrogen level on the day of trigger, number of embryos formed, number of two pronuclei (2PN) embryos formed, number of high-quality embryos formed and rate of embryo formation in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [(22 905.84±9 513.28) pmol/L vs. (17 200.82±6 811.64) pmol/L, P<0.001; 18.84±9.50 vs. 17.34±8.04, P=0.025; 16.06±8.24 vs. 14.87±7.07, P=0.042; 11.25±6.92 vs. 10.25±5.97, P=0.027; 68.6% (4 730/6 899) vs. 66.5% (12 852/19 326), P=0.002]. However, there were no significant differences in number of oocytes retrieved, mature oocyte rate and high-quality embryo rate between group A and group B (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in hCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and live birth rate per frozen-thawed embryo transfer between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in cumulative persistent pregnancy rate, cumulative live birth rate, proportion of low birth weight infants and birth defects per ovarian stimulation cycle between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of early-onset severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in group A was lower than that in group B, but there was no significant difference [0% vs. 1.5% (11/741), P=0.075]. Conclusion:The pregnancy outcome of whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with high ovarian response using GnRH-a single trigger was comparable to dual trigger combined with low-dose hCG in the GnRH-A protocol, and the risk of early onset severe OHSS was low. Therefore, in patients with high ovarian response in IVF/ICSI cycle using GnRH-A protocol, the use of GnRH-a single trigger followed by whole frozen-thawed embryo transfer could be considered as an optimal choice to minimize the risk of early onset OHSS without loss of pregnancy outcome.

Blastocystis sp. is a kind of protozoa living in the intestinal tract of human and animals, which will cause intestinal diseases such as diarrhea, abdominal distension and vomiting. This paper was aimed to understand the infection of Blastocystis sp. In golden monkeys and the transmission path in North China. Thirty-seven feces samples from golden monkeys and 116 cockroach samples from Shijiazhuang Zoo were collected from July to October 2019 for PCR analysis of Blastocystis sp. Genetic diversity analysis was further conducted on the samples with positive PCR results. The results showed that the infection rate was 48.7% (18/37) in golden monkeys and 82.8% (96/116) in cockroaches, respectively. The genetic evolution analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA demonstrated that three subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp. including ST1, ST2, and ST3 existed in the intestinal tract of golden monkeys, while only ST2 was detected in the intestinal tract of cockroaches. This paper may provide supports for the quarantine and control of Blastocystis sp. for the zoo in Northern China.

Objective: To study the effect of postoperative application of tranexamic acid on recovery and prognosis of unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients who received unilateral total hip arthroplasty in 541st General Hospital of Dongzhen Town from August 2016 to August 2018 were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received intravenous injection of tranexamic acid 10 min before skin incision after anesthesia; on the basis of the control group, the observation group was given tranexamic acid intravenously again 3 h after operation, and the control group was no longer given repeated injection of tranexamic acid. The hemorrhage, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit(HCT), hip joint Harris score and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and transfusion between the two groups (P>0.05); the drainage volume, total blood loss, dominant blood loss and recessive blood loss in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(227.43 ± 20.14) ml vs. (280.91 ± 23.56) ml, (601.01 ± 42.84) ml vs. (667.04 ± 49.21) ml, (281.93 ± 18.50) ml vs. (322.06 ± 21.23) ml, (330.94 ± 21.73) ml vs. (370.03 ± 25.90) ml] (P<0.05). After operation 3 d, the levels of Hb and HCT in observation group were higher than those in control group [(117.07 ± 9.60) g/L vs. (102.19 ± 8.31) g/L, (35.05 ± 2.91)% vs. (32.01 ± 2.77)%] (P<0.05). After operation 2 weeks and 1 month after operation, the hip joint Harris score in observation group was higher than that in control group [(52.03 ± 4.02) scores vs. (48.37 ± 5.05) scores, (67.86 ± 5.29) scores vs. (61.23±5.10) scores] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of intermuscular venous thrombosis, local hematoma and incision exudation between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions On the basis of preoperative application of tranexamic acid, combined postoperative application of tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the blood loss after unilateral total hip arthroplasty, and help the early recovery of joint function, without increasing complications and with high safety.

Objective To explore the effect of self-care agency on the self-perceived burden of patients with permanent bladder fistula. Methods From January 2016 to January 2017,the general data questionnaire,the Self-Perceived Burden Scale(SPBS),the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)was used to investigate 388 cases of permanent bladder fistula in 2 hospitals in Lanzhou, Baiyin and Dingxi city, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The total score of SPBS was (36.01 ± 1.34) points,which was in the middle level.The total score of ESCA was(51.05±10.23)points,which was in low level.The total score of SPBS was negatively correlated with the total score of ESCA and each dimension (r =-0.496--0.168, P<0.01 or 0.05). Stratified regression analysis showed that self-care skills, self-responsibility, self-concept and health knowledge level in self-care ability were important influencing factors (P<0.05). Conclusions Nursing staff can improve the self-care ability, reduce the self-perceived burden,and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To retrospectively analyze perioperative and early outcomes after Sun's procedure of type A aortic dissection patients with different tear size ratia.Methods To retrospectively analyze the general information of 120 patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissectiontreatedin our center from November 2014 to December 2016.Patients were divided into three group according to proximal and distal tear sizeratio(PDTSR):35 patients in Group A(PDTSR≥2),44 patients in Group B (1/2 ＜ PDTSR ＜ 2)and 41 patients in Group C (PDTSR ≤ 1/2).Retrospectively reviewed the data of perioperativeand follow-up period.Results Preoperative mortality was significantly higher in Group A (37.1％ vs.2.3％ vs.2.4％;P ＜ 0.001).Preoperative morbidity higher in Group A,but there was no significant difference.Ventilator support of duration ＞ 5 days in Group A is significantly higher in Group A (P =0.006).Three-month closure rate of false lumen was higher in Group A (85.0％ vs.65.0％ vs.72.7 ％,P =0.263).Proximal tear significantly larger than distal tear was found associated with preoperative death in logistic regression analysis.Conclusion Acute type A aortic dissection patients with larger proximal tear size need more urgent surgery to fix the dissection.Sun's procedure was an effective way to cure type A aortic dissection,while patients with relatively larger distal tears need more strict postoperative follow-up.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the miR-345 expression level in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tissue and its potential clinical significance.Methods Real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of miR-345 in NSCLC tissues in 98 samples and cell lines.Then the association between tissue miR-345 expression level and clinical outcomes was further analyzed.Results The expression level of miR-345 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines when compared to the controls(P<0.05).miR-345 expression level in NSCLS tissues was associated with various clinicopathological parameters including LN metastasis(P<0.001),distant metastasis(P=0.028),TNM stage(P=0.004)and grade(P=0.011).In addition,the NSCLC patients in the low miR-345 expression group showed significantly shorter overall survival time than that in the high miR-345expression group(P=0.021).Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of miR-345 was an independent risk factor for NSCLC(HR=3.897,95% CI:2.263~10.440;P=0.012).Conclusion The expression level of miR-345 was decreased in NSCLC tissues as well as cell lines compared with normal controls.Low miR-345 expression in tissues was associated with progression and poor prognosis of NSCLC.These results indicate that miR-345 may be a novel prognostic marker in NSCLC.