Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective To explore the effects of prucalopride(PRUC)on the intestinal function during the perioperative period of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy(RARC)and urinary diversion.Methods A total of 75 patients undertaking RARC with urinary diversion(orthotopic neobladder or ileal bladder)in Nanjing Drum Hospital during Jan.and Dec.2021 were divided into PRUC group(n=28)and control group(n=47)according to whether they took PRUC or not.Postoperative intestinal ventilation time and defecation time,drainage tube retention time,tolerance time for first intake of semi-flow food,postoperative hospital stay,and incidence of complications were observed and recorded in the two groups.Postoperative C-reactive protein(CRP)and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)were compared.Results The PRUC group had shorter intestinal ventilation time and defecation time[(47.14±16.31)h vs.(74.04±35.33)h,P＜0.01;(86.14±30.47)h vs.(123.57±79.12)h,P=0.02],smaller change of ΔCRP and ΔNLR[(79.99±29.71)mg/L vs.(127.75±56.98)mg/L;(9.24±6.43)vs.(16.11±9.90),P＜0.01].All complications were minor,the incidence of intestinal obstruction in PRUC group tended to decrease within 90 days after operation(P=0.38),and there was no significant difference in other complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The perioperative use of PRUC in RARC with urinary diversion is safe and effective,which can promote the recovery of intestinal function after operation.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Supplemented Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on patients with HP-positive chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Deficiency Pattern.METHODS One hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly assigned into control group(66 cases)for 12-week intervention of conventional treatment,and observation group(66 cases)for 12-week intervention of both Supplemented Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and conventional treatment.The changes in clinical effects,HP clearance rate,miR-32,TGF-β1,IL-6,PGⅠ,PGⅡ,EGF,somatostatin,gastrin,motilin,gastroscopy pathological score and TCM symptom score were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate and HP clearance rate than the control group(P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased miR-32,TGF-β1,IL-6,gastroscopy pathological score,TCM symptom score(P<0.05),and increased PGⅠ,PGⅡ,EGF,somatostatin,gastrin,motilin(P<0.05),especially for the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with HP-positive chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Deficiency Pattern,Supplemented Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can alleviate inflammation,regulate gastrointestinal hormone levels,improve symptoms,and enhance efficacy.

In recent years, the field of genetics has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the non-coding region, an area previously dubbed the"dark matter"of the genome. This once enigmatic domain is now progressively revealing its secrets, emerging as a rich terrain for genetic diagnosis and treatment. This editorial centers on diverse diagnostic analyses and intervention techniques associated with the non-coding region, delving into its significance in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of both monogenic and polygenic disorders within the nervous system. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive perspective for the exploration of genetic disorders in the nervous system.

Objective To observe the value of 5.0T MRI for quantifying proton density fat fraction(PDFF)of liver.Methods Liver chemical shift encoded(CSE)MR scanning were prospectively performed using 5.0T,3.0T and 1.5T scanner in 30 volunteers,respectively,and CSE-PDFF were measured.Then MR spectroscopy(MRS)were performed using 5.0T and 1.5T scanner,respectively,and MRS-PDFF were also measured.The consistency of liver PDFF measured on different images was observed,and the value of 5.0T MRI for liver PDFF was analyzed.Results The overall consistencies of liver CSE-PDFF measured with 5.0T,3.0T and 1.5T MR scanner were all good(all ICC＞0.75,all P＜0.001).The consistency of liver CSE-PDFF based on 5.0T and 3.0T,1.5T MR scanner were both good(ICC=0.989,0.992,both P＜0.001).The overall consistencies of CSE-PDFF based on 5.0T MR and MRS-PDFF based on 5.0T and 1.5T MR were both good(both ICC＞0.75,both P＜0.001).CSE-PDFF had good consistency with MRS-PDFF based on same 5.0T MR scanner(ICC=0.988,P＜0.001),and CSE-PDFF based on 5.0T had good consistency with MRS-PDFF based on 1.5T MR scanner(ICC=0.978,P＜0.001).Conclusion 5.0T MRI had high value for quantifying liver PDFF.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effect of the probiotic bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12 (K12) against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection in mice. METHODS: Forty male BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group, K12 treatment group, Mp infection group, and K12 pretreatment prior to Mp infection group. The probiotic K12 was administered daily by gavage for 14 days before Mp infection induced by intranasal instillation of Mp. Three days after Mp infection, the mice were euthanized for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts and serum levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the P1 and community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome ( CARDS ) toxin of Mp in the lung tissues and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine 1 (CXCL1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), mucin 5ac (MUC5ac), collagen 3a1 (Col3a1), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4; the protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung tissue were detected using Western blotting. Pathological changes in the lung tissue and airway remodeling were examined with HE staining and AB/PAS staining. RESULTS: Compared with the Mp-infected mice with PBS treatment, the infected mice with K12 treatment showed significantly lowered mRNA levels of P1 and CARDS in the lung tissue and reduced white blood cell counts in the BALF (P<0.05). In spite of the absence of significant differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups, the mRNA expressions of TNF‑α, IL-6, CXCL1, MMP9, MUC5ac and COL3A1 and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung tissues were significantly lower in K12-treated mice, in which AB/PAS staining showed obviously decreased mucus secretion. CONCLUSIONS K12 pretreatment can effectively reduce pulmonary inflammatory responses, improve airway remodeling and alleviate lung injury in Mp-infected mice.
Animals ; Mice ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism* ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Male ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Lung/microbiology* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Streptococcus salivarius ; Probiotics/administration & dosage* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; Mucin 5AC/metabolism* ; Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism* ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism* ; Bacterial Toxins ; Bacterial Proteins

The essence of the clinical problem caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is lower urinary tract obstruction. Compared with drug treatment, surgery can fundamentally relieve the obstruction. Transurethral endoscopic surgery has become the most important surgical treatment for BPH. In recent years, everyone has been working on exploring the physical properties of various energy platforms, especially lasers, to maximize their advantages in clinical use, various surgical concepts and methods contend. This article summarized my 40 years of experience in transurethral laparoscopic surgery to discuss my experience and thoughts.

Ethical review runs through the whole process of drug clinical trials, and is a critical step to ensure the rights and interests of subjects. This paper analyzed and discussed the role and positioning of ethical review in new drug clinical trials, cleared the principles of ethical review, identified the responsibilities of ethical review, and clarified the authority of ethical review approval documents. The ethical review should primarily focus on the ethics of the clinical trials, not replace other professional institutions to review the clinical trials’ legality and scientific nature. Ethical approval is only one of the necessary conditions for conducting clinical trials, not the only factor. It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and popularization of scientific and technological ethics awareness, improve the clinical trial approval mechanism, and optimize the phrasing of ethical review approval documents. It is warranted to further optimize the quality of ethical review, improve the construction of ethical review system, ultimately achieve the unity of promoting innovation and preventing risks, so as to effectively realize the benign interaction between high-quality development of scientific and technological innovation and high-level safety.

【Objective】 To investigate the risk factors and predictive effectiveness of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score for patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) whose PI-RADS score was 3, so as to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. 【Methods】 The clinical and multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) data of 153 CsPCa patients treated during Jan.2017 and Dec.2021 whose PI-RADS score was 3 were retrospectively analyzed. With PI-RADS score of 3 as the independent risk factor for CsPCa, the other relevant independent risk factors in predicting CsPCa were evaluated. 【Results】 Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density and apparent dispersion coefficient (ADC) were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of CsPCa (P<0.05). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that combined PSA density and ADC were more effective than PSA density and ADC alone (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The combination of PSA density and ADC can guide clinicians to identify high-risk CsPCa patients from patients with PI-RADS score of 3 points.