The thought of medicine and food homology and substances with both edible and medicinal values are an important part of China's excellent traditional culture and medicine treasure, playing an important role in human diet and health maintenance for thousands of years. Substances with both edible and medicinal values are a standardized name governed by existing regulations, and many substances with both edible and medicinal values in the list lack important information such as original plants and edible and medicinal parts. Some substances change as the relevant regulations change, which confuses the use and regulation. According to the definition and inclusion conditions of substances with both edible and medicinal values in the Regulation of Substances with Both Edible and Medicinal Values Catalogue, this paper comprehensively reviewed the first batch of 87 substances with both edible and medicinal values published in 2002 by collecting information and investigating the practical application. Some substances supplemented, deleted, and revised were analyzed and discussed, and a complete revised list was compiled, encompassing a total of 90 substances, which were when combined with the 19 substances of the last three batches(published in 2019, 2023, and 2024), amounted to a total of 109 substances. In addition, the substances not currently in the published list but have both edible and medicinal values according to the latest definition were summarized, which revealed at least 27 other substances. Therefore, there were at least 136 substances with both edible and medicinal values. Additionally, the potential substances that could be included in the list of substances with edible and medicinal values were prospected, providing a focus for future expansion of the list. This paper systematically reviewed and revised the list of substances with both edible and medicinal values to lay a foundation for the regulatory authorities to revise the catalog of these substances and provide basic information for promoting the new quality productive forces in the health field and boosting the orderly and rapid development of the big health industry.
China ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment experience of salivary pleomorphic adenoma in children. Methods:Thirty patients with salivary pleomorphic adenomas treated in Beijing Childrens Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, including 11 boys and 19 girls, with the age ranging from 0.3 to 14.4 years（median age 10.4 years）. Initial presentation, medical history, imaging workups, surgical approaches, complications, rates of recurrence were evaluated. Results:Major salivary gland lesions were most common（n=24, 80%）; 53.3%（16 of 30） arising in the submandibular glands and 26.7%（8 of 30） in the parotid. Minor salivary gland lesions（n=6, 20%） were removed from the palate, tongue, face, trachea, nasopharynx, and upper mediastinumand. Preoperative imaging was reviewed in all patients and consisted of 26 ultrasound exams, 2 computerized tomography（CT） exams, and 15 magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） exams. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 12 patients. Surgical excision was performed in all patients. Postoperative complications included transient facial paresis（n=3）, Pneumonia and pleural effusion（n=1）. Average length of follow-up was 36.7 months; confirmed recurrence occurred in one patients. Conclusion:The symptoms of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in children are different according to the location of the tumor. The treatment is complete surgical resection, and a small amount of normal tissue around the tumor should be removed to reduce recurrence.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis* ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Objective To explore the application value of manual purse-string suture in esophageal jejunum tubular anastomosis in total laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 41 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Jingmen Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023.Among them,22 cases underwent total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy with manual purse-string suture(total laparoscopic group),Nineteen patients underwent traditional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(laparoscopic-assisted group).Results 41 patients were successfully completed surgery,no conversion to laparotomy,no perioperative death.The operation time of the total laparoscopic group and laparoscopic-assisted group was 397.50(310-540)minutes and 350(250-440)minutes.The intraoperative blood loss was 50(10-400)ml and 100(20-200)ml.The incision length was 5(4-5)cm and 8(6-10)cm.The duration of postoperative analgesic use was 4(3-5)days and 5(3-5)days.The hospitalization days were 23(18-37)days and 26(13-34)days,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissection,postoperative abdominal bleeding,postoperative anastomotic leakage,postoperative anastomotic stenosis,postoperative pulmonary infection,postoperative first exhaust time and postoperative ambulation time between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion It is safe and feasible to perform esophagojejunostomy by hand purse-string suture in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Compared with traditional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy,it has smaller incision,less intraoperative blood loss,less postoperative pain,shorter hospitalization time,but longer operation time.

Objective:To summarize the evidence on managing dyspnea in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) .Methods:Literature on the management of dyspnea in patients with ILD was electronically searched in UpToDate, British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, American Thoracic Society, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data and other databases and websites. The search period was from database establishment to April 30, 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the corresponding quality assessment criteria of the literature, and the information was extracted.Results:A total of 18 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, nine guidelines, three expert consensus, two systematic reviews, and one evidence summary. Twenty-four pieces of evidence were ultimately summarized in five areas: dyspnea assessment, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, medication, and others.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for managing of dyspnea in patients with ILD, which can inform the development of appropriate interventions by healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals need to develop dyspnea management strategies that consider the cultural context, clinical situation, and patient's willingness.

Objective To explore the application value of manual purse-string suture in esophageal jejunum tubular anastomosis in total laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 41 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Jingmen Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023.Among them,22 cases underwent total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy with manual purse-string suture(total laparoscopic group),Nineteen patients underwent traditional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy(laparoscopic-assisted group).Results 41 patients were successfully completed surgery,no conversion to laparotomy,no perioperative death.The operation time of the total laparoscopic group and laparoscopic-assisted group was 397.50(310-540)minutes and 350(250-440)minutes.The intraoperative blood loss was 50(10-400)ml and 100(20-200)ml.The incision length was 5(4-5)cm and 8(6-10)cm.The duration of postoperative analgesic use was 4(3-5)days and 5(3-5)days.The hospitalization days were 23(18-37)days and 26(13-34)days,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissection,postoperative abdominal bleeding,postoperative anastomotic leakage,postoperative anastomotic stenosis,postoperative pulmonary infection,postoperative first exhaust time and postoperative ambulation time between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion It is safe and feasible to perform esophagojejunostomy by hand purse-string suture in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Compared with traditional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy,it has smaller incision,less intraoperative blood loss,less postoperative pain,shorter hospitalization time,but longer operation time.

Objective:To summarize the evidence on managing dyspnea in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) .Methods:Literature on the management of dyspnea in patients with ILD was electronically searched in UpToDate, British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, American Thoracic Society, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data and other databases and websites. The search period was from database establishment to April 30, 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the corresponding quality assessment criteria of the literature, and the information was extracted.Results:A total of 18 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, nine guidelines, three expert consensus, two systematic reviews, and one evidence summary. Twenty-four pieces of evidence were ultimately summarized in five areas: dyspnea assessment, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, medication, and others.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for managing of dyspnea in patients with ILD, which can inform the development of appropriate interventions by healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals need to develop dyspnea management strategies that consider the cultural context, clinical situation, and patient's willingness.

Based on the literature study,the thoughts and possible therapeutic mechanism in treating male infertility from the perspective of spleen and kidney by regulating intestinal flora were explored.Disturbance of intestinal flora is one of the important factors leading to the development of male infertility,and the spleen and kidney have certain similarities to intestinal flora in the physiological function and pathological changes.Moreover,tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen can regulate the intestinal flora by fostering the growth of beneficial bacteria,inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria,and protecting the barrier of the intestinal mucosa.Therefore,the possible therapeutic mechanisms in treating male infertility with the prescriptions for tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen to regulate intestinal flora are as follows:inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors to reduce the inflammatory reaction of testicular tissues;improving the antioxidant capacity to alleviate the damage of spermatozoa caused by oxidative stress,and improving the bad mood to alleviate the impact of psychological stress on the reproductive system.The exploration of the thoughts for treating male infertility from the perspective of spleen and kidney by regulating intestinal flora may provide a new entry point for modern Chinese medicine clinical treatment of male infertility.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of hypertension inducing erectile dysfunction(ED)using transcriptomics and network pharmacology.Methods:We randomly divided 12 male rats with spontaneous hypertension(SHT)into an L-arginine(LA)group(n=6)and an SHT model control(MC)group(n=6),took another 6 Wistar Kyoto male rats as normal controls(NC),and treated the animals in the LA group by intraperitoneal injection of LA at 400 mg/kg and those in the latter two groups with physio-logical saline,once a day,all for 7 days.Then we observed the blood pressure and penile erection of the rats,and determined the ex-pressions of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNAs in different groups using ELISA,Western blot and RT-qPCR.Results:Transcriptomics combined with network pharmacology showed that the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway played a key role in hypertension-induced ED.In vivo animal experiments revealed a significantly lower frequency of penile erections in the MC than in the NC group(1.33±0.52 vs 2.67±0.51,P＜0.05).The protein expressions of eNOS,PKG and sGC were markedly de-creased in the model controls compared with those the normal controls(P＜0.05),but remarkably upregulated in the LA group com-pared with those in the MC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Hypertension decreases the expressions of eNOS,NO,sGC,cGMP and PKG proteins and the level of testosterone by inhibiting the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway,which consequently suppresses the relaxa-tion of the penile vascular smooth muscle and reduces erectile function.

Purpose::Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) is one of the most feasible and effective techniques for cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). However, few reports have been reported about the process of graft-host bone healing and bone articular surface reconstruction, which help us to further understand the actual situation of bone healing and modify surgical methods.Methods::The case series study retrospectively evaluated 33 osteochondral lesions in 30 patients undertaking AOPT for OLT with subchondral cysts from December 2016 to October 2021. According to CT observation, we used 4 variables to describe the bony articular repair, including the integration of the articular surface, the height of the bone filling, the status of bone union, and the appearance of bone resorption or cystic change. We also analyzed the demographic data and clinical function. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic and clinical variables. Normally distributed data were presented as mean ± SD, and non-normally distributed data were presented as median (Q 1, Q 3). Associations between these variables and the primary clinical outcomes were examined using t-test or one-way ANOVA test for continuous variables. Results::The patients’ mean age was (41.7 ± 14.0) years old and the mean follow-up time was (29.6 ± 17.8) months. The chondral lesion size was (14.3 ± 4.1) mm. The cyst depth was (10.9 ± 3.7) mm. Significant improvements were observed in functional outcomes (according to the numeric rating scale for pain when walking and the American orthopedic foot and ankle society score) between the preoperative and latest follow-up evaluations, from 4.2 ± 2.1 to 2.2 ± 2.0 ( p < 0.001), and from 66.8 ± 12.9 to 83.2 ± 10.4, respectively ( p < 0.001). The overall satisfaction reached 8.3 of 10 points. All patients returned to sports and their median daily steps reached 8000 steps with 27 (81.8%) patients walking over 6000 steps daily. According to CT observation, "discontinuous bony articular surface and gap > 1 mm" was found in 27 grafts (81.8%), and "below the level of the adjacent articular surface, ≤1 mm" in a third of the grafts. Abnormal height of bone filling affected numeric rating scale score ( p=0.049) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score ( p =0.027). Of note, bone resorption or cystic changes appeared in up to 13 autografts (39.4%). Conclusions::AOPT is an effective and acceptable technique for cystic OLT. Bone reconstruction is essential for large cystic OLT. How to get better bony articular reconstruction and avoid cyst recurrence should still be paid more attention.

Ketosis in dairy cows is often accompanied by apoptotic and inflammatory responses in adipose tissue.In order to investigate the effect of pro-apoptotic protein Bid on adipocyte apoptosis in cows with ketosis,the adipose tissue was stained by TUNEL staining technique in this study to observe the apoptotic changes in adipose tissue of cows with ketosis.In the in vivo test,protein ex-pression of apoptosis-related factors Bid,Bax,C-Caspase-3,Bcl-2 and inflammation marker factors C1q,IL-1β,IL-10 and IL-6 in adipose tissues of healthy cows and ketosis cows were detected by Western blot.In the in vitro assay,the adipocyte lipolysis model was constructed by culturing pri-mary bovine adipocytes in vitro to inhibit Bid and adding isoproterenol(ISO),and the protein ex-pression levels of apoptosis-related molecules and inflammation-related molecules in adipocytes were detected by Western blot technique.The results of TUNEL staining showed that the protein expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bid,Bax and C-Caspase-3,and pro-inflammatory markers TNF-a,IL-1β,and IL-6 were significantly higher,and the protein expression of complement C1q,anti-ap-optotic factor Bcl-2,and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 were significantly lower in adipose tissues of ketosis cows compared with that of healthy cows.The in vitro results showed that the protein expression levels of apoptosis and inflammation-related factors in adipocytes treated with the ISO group were significantly higher compared with those in the control group,while the protein ex-pression levels of apoptosis and inflammation-related factors in adipocytes treated with the addi-tion of the Bid inhibitor group were significantly lower.The above results showed that inhibition of Bid could alleviate the apoptotic and inflammatory responses of ISO on adipocytes.This will fur-ther clarify the role of Bid/C1q in the regulation of adipose tissue and cell apoptosis and inflamma-tion in ketosis cows.