The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among middle school (junior, senior, and vocational high school) students in Yunnan Province, China, and to inform evidence-based intervention strategies for adolescent mental health. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and November 2023 using stratified random cluster sampling. Students from eight counties (districts) across four prefectures (cities) in Yunnan Province were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms, with stratified analyses conducted by gender, educational stage, and ethnicity. ResultsA total of 4 672 questionnaires were distributed, with 4 670 valid questionnaires retrieved, yielding a valid response rate of 99.96%. The surveyed participants were predominantly female students (50.81%), junior high school students (49.13%), ethnic minorities (52.78%), and urban residents (79.29%). The mean CES-D score for middle school students in Yunnan Province was (15.31±10.83). Female students had a significantly higher mean score (16.63±11.41) than male students (13.95±10.02) (P<0.001). Senior high school students had a significantly higher mean score (16.61±10.61) compared to both junior high school students (14.74±11.45) and vocational high school students (13.10±7.71) (all pairwise comparisons P<0.001). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan Province was 28.18%. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (34.09%) than in males (22.07%). By school type, the detection rate was highest among senior high school students (33.39%), followed by junior high school students (26.29%) and vocational high school students (17.27%) (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.86‒2.50), being in junior high school (OR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.84‒3.20) or senior high school (OR=2.27, 95%CI: 1.73‒2.98), not living with parents (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.07‒1.44), irregular breakfast consumption (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.33‒1.75), lack of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.37‒2.09), sleep duration ≤5 h per night (OR=2.52, 95%CI: 2.02‒3.14) or 6‒7 h per night (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.25‒1.73), smoking (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.56‒2.23), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.54‒2.13) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. In contrast, screen time ≤1 h (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.59‒0.86) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses showed that female students not living with parents (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.06‒1.58), senior high school students (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.21‒1.88), and Han Chinese students (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11‒1.69) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Han Chinese students who smoked were also more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.34‒2.21). In contrast, male students with screen time ≤1 h (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.53‒0.95) and ethnic minority students (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.58‒0.95) were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. Regardless of gender, irregular breakfast consumption, lack of MVPA, sleep duration less than 8 h per night, smoking, and alcohol consumption were all positively associated with depressive symptoms (P<0.05). Among both junior and senior high school students, irregular breakfast consumption, lack of MVPA, smoking, and alcohol consumption were positively associated with depressive symptoms (all P<0.05), while screen time ≤1 h was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). For junior high school students, engaging in 1‒2 days of MVPA per week, screen time more than 2 h per day, and sleep duration 6‒7 h per night were all positively associated with depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). Among junior high, senior high, and vocational high school students, sleep duration ≤5 h per night was positively associated with depressive symptoms (P<0.05). For both Han Chinese and ethnic minority students, irregular breakfast consumption, lack of MVPA, sleep duration less than 8 h per night, and alcohol consumption were all positively associated with depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan Province is comparable to that in central China and higher than that in northern regions. Prevention and control efforts should prioritize female students and those in junior and senior high school stages. Universal improvements in lifestyle behaviors among middle school students, such as regular breakfast consumption, MVPA, sufficient sleep (≥8 h), and abstinence from smoking and alcohol. Particular attention should be given to limiting excessive screen time among junior high school students and addressing the mental health needs of females not living with their parents, senior high school students, and Han Chinese students.

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

Cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major contributor to delayed graft function and long-term graft failure after kidney transplantation.Its pathogenesis involves multiple mechanisms, including energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress and sterile inflammatory responses.Increasing evidence indicates that immune cells play a central regulatory role in the initiation and progression of CIRI.Damage-associated molecular patterns released during cold ischemia and reperfusion activate innate immunity, leading to the rapid recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and amplification of inflammatory cascades.Subsequently, adaptive immune cells, including T cells and B cells, are activated and further contribute to sustained inflammation, disruption of immune tolerance and graft injury.Through cytokine signaling, chemokine-mediated recruitment and antigen presentation, different immune cell subsets form a complex interactive network that ultimately determines the severity and outcome of CIRI.This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune cells in renal allograft CIRI, highlights their interconnections, and discusses emerging immune cell-targeted therapeutic strategies, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation.

Tuberculosis （TB） is a major infectious disease that seriously endangers public health. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， TB is considered to be caused by "exogenous latent tuberculosis pathogens"， and whether the disease occurs depends on the strength of healthy Qi. The disease course is characterized by five features： Hidden latency， pathological accumulation， triggering due to deficiency of healthy Qi， depletion of healthy Qi， and prolonged progression with difficulty in recovery. The latent stage is based on the fundamental pathogenesis of "specific latent pathogens concealed in the lung collaterals and waiting for the appropriate time to manifest"， which exhibits the temporal and spatial characteristics of latent pathogens. During this stage， Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains in a dormant state and maintains a dynamic balance with the host immune system. The triggering and progression stages are characterized by the core pathogenesis of "deficiency of healthy Qi initiating pathogenic factors and excessive pathogenic factors triggering disease". Immune dysfunction may lead to severe pathological damage to the structure of the lung collaterals. The key pathogenesis of the latent-retention stage is "persistent latent pathogens consuming healthy Qi"， which is also the core reason for the difficulty in treating initial TB onset， prolonged disease progression， and recurrent attacks. Based on the theory of latent pathogens， this study establishes a four-stage prevention and treatment system "with pathogenesis as the guiding principle and disease stages as the criteria". The corresponding therapeutic principles include tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin， clearing and transforming latent phlegm， regulating and tonifying the spleen and kidney， strengthening healthy Qi and replenishing the primordial Qi， nourishing Yin and reducing fire， suppressing and eliminating tuberculosis pathogens， tonifying deficiency， restoring primordial Qi， clearing residual pathogens， and eliminating pathogenic factors. Guided by the theory of latent pathogens， this article systematically elucidates the TCM connotation of M. tuberculosis invasion of the lung collaterals and the staged syndrome differentiation and treatment approach， providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the prevention and treatment of TB through integrated Chinese and Western medicine and offering new perspectives for the prevention and control of infectious diseases using TCM.

Objective To identify the multidimensional needs of postoperative gastric cancer patients for home-based nutritional management based on patient journey maps,and to provide a reference for carrying out nutritional management interventions.Methods Using descriptive qualitative research methods,we facilitated semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 pairs of postoperative gastric cancer homebound patients and their primary caregivers from a tertiary general hospital in Yichang City,China,from September 2024 to January 2025,and analysed the data and drew the patient journey maps by content analysis.Results Totally 24 sub-themes were summarised from 4 aspects,namely tasks,emotions,pain points and opportunity points,and journey maps involving the acute recovery period,the transitional adaptation period and the nutritional reconstruction period were formed.Conclusion The nutritional needs of homebound patients after gastric cancer surgery are complex and variable,and their needs for dietary guidance,eating-related symptom management,and real-time counselling are highlighted.In the future,appropriate intervention strategies can be developed based on the journey maps to meet the multidimensional nutritional needs of patients.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and effects on emotional state, anorectal physiological function, serum inflammation factors and neurotransmitters of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on functional anorectal pain (FAP) patients, and to explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms.Methods:From September 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023, a total of 50 FAP patients who were admitted to Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (20 cases) and the control group (20 cases) according to a random number table and relevant exclusion criteria. The treatment group received rTMS treatment and the control group received sham rTMS treatment. The Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, high-resolution anorectal manometry data (anal resting pressure, anal squeeze pressure, initial sensation shreshold, defecation shreshold, defecation urgency shreshold, and tolerance shreshold), and the levels of serum inflammatory factors (interleukin(IL)-4, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and 5-hydroxytryptamin(5-HT) were recorded before and after treatment. Independent sample t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The VAS, HAMA, and HAMD scores of the treatment group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (3.85±2.23 vs. 6.85±1.98, 4.40±3.39 vs. 8.75±6.60, and 7.10±6.56 vs. 12.85±7.20), and were also lower than those of the control group after treatment(6.50±1.76, 8.20±6.65, 12.10±6.80), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.68, 4.72, 6.06; -4.17, -2.27, -2.37; P<0.001, <0.001, <0.001; <0.001, =0.028, and =0.023). The initial sensation shreshold, defecation shreshold, defecation urgency shreshold, and tolerance shreshold of the treatment group after treatment were higher than those before treatment(30.00(30.00, 46.00) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. 23.00(18.50, 29.00) mmHg, 50.00(44.50, 60.00) mmHg vs. 37.00(30.75, 51.50) mmHg, (74.30±16.02) mmHg vs. (63.70±22.21) mmHg, 119.00(100.00, 148.00) mmHg vs. 98.00 (69.50, 153.00) mmHg), and the tolerance shreshold of the treatment group after treatment was higher than that of the control group after treatment(119.00 (100.00, 148.00) mmHg vs. 102.00(84.50, 111.50) mmHg), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=–3.14 and –2.86, t=-4.02, Z=-2.84 and -2.11; P=0.002, 0.004, 0.001, 0.004, and 0.035). Additionally, the 5-HT level of the treatment group after treatment was higher than that before treatment (1 549.41 (1 320.21, 1 640.03) μg/L vs. 1 081.52(874.36, 1 626.79) μg/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.88, P=0.004). Conclusion:The rTMS treatment can effectively relieve the pain, anxiety and depression, improve visceral sensitivity, and influence the neurotransmitter level of brain-gut axis in FAP patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic genes associated with lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas - Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the key module genes associated with LDCD score. Candidate genes were identified by DEGs and key module genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for the selection of prognostic genes, and risk module was established. Subsequently, key cells were identified in the single-cell dataset (GSE183904), and prognostic gene expression was analyzed. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the wound healing assay. RESULTS: A total of 4,465 DEGs, 95 candidate genes, and 4 prognostic genes, including C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18, were identified in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the excellent predictive power of the risk model. Three key cell types (B cells, chief cells, and endothelial/pericyte cells) were identified in the GSE183904 dataset. C19orf59 and TNFAIP2 exhibited predominant expression in macrophage species, whereas TNFAIP2 evolved over time in endothelial/pericyte cells and chief cells. Functional experiments confirmed that interfering with C19orf59 inhibited proliferation and migration in GC cells. CONCLUSION C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18 are prognostic genes associated with LDCD in GC. Furthermore, the risk model established in this study showed robust predictive power.
Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Lysosomes/physiology* ; RNA-Seq ; Cell Death ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Proliferation ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

Objective To identify the multidimensional needs of postoperative gastric cancer patients for home-based nutritional management based on patient journey maps,and to provide a reference for carrying out nutritional management interventions.Methods Using descriptive qualitative research methods,we facilitated semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 pairs of postoperative gastric cancer homebound patients and their primary caregivers from a tertiary general hospital in Yichang City,China,from September 2024 to January 2025,and analysed the data and drew the patient journey maps by content analysis.Results Totally 24 sub-themes were summarised from 4 aspects,namely tasks,emotions,pain points and opportunity points,and journey maps involving the acute recovery period,the transitional adaptation period and the nutritional reconstruction period were formed.Conclusion The nutritional needs of homebound patients after gastric cancer surgery are complex and variable,and their needs for dietary guidance,eating-related symptom management,and real-time counselling are highlighted.In the future,appropriate intervention strategies can be developed based on the journey maps to meet the multidimensional nutritional needs of patients.