The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

Objective: To understand the mosquito infestation status in schools in Jing an District of Shanghai from 2019 to 2025, so as to provide a basis for mosquito control work in schools. Methods: Four schools of each school type (colleges and secondary specialized schools, primary and secondary schools, nurseries and kindergartens) were respectively selected from Jing an District as the survey sites by combination of stratified sampling and convenience sampling. Mosquito breeding sites surveys (including small stagnant water and medium and large static water) and adult mosquito monitoring were carried out in schools every August, from 2019 to 2025. The breeding sites surveys were investigated by visual inspection and spoon trapping methods, and the adult mosquito monitoring was investigated by the human baited trapping. Chi square test was used for inter group comparison. Results: A total of 970 small stagnant water were surveyed from 2019 to 2025, with the positive rate of 17.01% for mosquito breeding. The highest positive rate was in colleges and secondary specialized schools (25.07%). The top three positive breeding sites for mosquito were unused containers(27.46%), waste tires (16.67%), and bonsai and aquatic plants (16.52%). There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates for mosquito breeding among different years, school types and waterlogging types ( χ 2=122.70, 28.48 , 24.80, all P <0.01). A total of 640 medium and large static water were surveyed, and the positive rate for mosquito breeding was 7.34%. There was a statistically significant difference for the positive rate among different years ( χ 2= 50.23 , P <0.01). The highest positive rate for mosquito breeding was in colleges and secondary specialized schools (9.63%), and there was no statistically significant difference for the positive rate among different school types ( χ 2=4.41, P =0.11). From 2019 to 2025, a total of 390 mosquitoes were captured in the time period from 16:30 to 17:00, all of which were Aedes albopictus; the adult mosquito density in colleges and secondary specialized schools was the highest, being 2.38 mosquitoes/(0.5 h ·person). A total of 210 mosquitoes were captured in the time period from 19:00 to 19:30 during 2019-2025, among which Aedes albopictus accounted for 74.76% and Culex pipiens pallens accounted for 25.24%. The adult mosquito density in colleges and secondary specialized schools was the highest, being 1.15 mosquitoes/(0.5 h ·person). In colleges and secondary specialized schools, the area with the largest number of captured mosquitoes was around the teaching buildings and libraries(44.78%). In primary and secondary schools, as well as nurseries and kindergartens, the area with the largest number of captured mosquitoes was around the school gates and playgrounds( 49.44% , 53.60%), the difference in mosquito distribution in different regions among different types of schools was statistically significant ( χ 2=111.39, P <0.01). Conclusions The mosquito density in Jing an District schools is generally higher during summer. It is recommended that the school strengthen the management of mosquito breeding sites and the control of adult mosquitoes before the start of autumn semester, so as to prevent insect infestation of mosquitoes.

Objective:To explore patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Jiangsu Province, China from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Using data from the IBD health data platform of the National Healthcare Big Data (Eastern) Center, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. We performed descriptive analyses on hospitalised patients diagnosed with IBD between 2019 and 2023, who received TCM treatment.Results:The study included 11 095 case records from 4 760 patients, with TCM diagnoses primarily indicating diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Ulcerative colitis (UC) accounted for 4 782 hospitalizations (3 103 patients), while Crohn's disease (CD) accounted for 6 313 hospitalizations (1 657 patients). Patient demographics showed a trend towards younger age and a higher proportion of males. Treatment utilisation was highest in southern Jiangsu compared with the central and northern regions. In terms of disease burden, all treatment costs showed a downward trend. In terms of external TCM therapies, UC patients tend to prefer plasters and enemas, while CD patients are more inclined to use acupuncture. Regarding herbal medicine, licorice, white atractylodes, and white peony root are commonly used single herbs for IBD patients.Conclusions:The number of IBD patients treated with TCM in Jiangsu Province has steadily increased from 2019 to 2023. It is important to identify effective TCM treatment methods to reduce the burden of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system (CLS) in glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods:This retrospective observational self-controlled study analyzed data from 14 children (aged 3-9 years) with T1DM treated at the Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital between August 2021 and February 2024. All the patients had undergone continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (commonly known as insulin pump therapy) with continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for at least 4 weeks and CLS for over 6 months. Data collected included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, duration of insulin pump use, baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and pre-and post-treatment glycemic metrics. Based on the duration of combined CLS therapy, groups were divided as follows: baseline (before combined CLS therapy), 0-<4 weeks, 4-<8 weeks, 8-<12 weeks, 12-<24 weeks. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to compare intergroup and multigroup differences, respectively, in glycemic levels before and after hybrid CLS therapy. Results:Among the 14 pediatric patients, 8 were male and 6 were female. Their age was (6.5±0.5) year old, BMI was (16.1±1.3) kg/m2, duration of diabetes was (20.1±2.6) months, duration of CGMS insulin pump use was (13.8±2.6) months, and baseline HbA1C was (10.2±0.8)%. One-way ANOVA revealed that hybrid CLS therapy significantly improved glycemic control, compared to pre-treatment, at 6 months follow-up, the following outcomes were observed: increased time-in-range (TIR), reduced time in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, lower HbA1C and mean glucose level, improved daytime TIR, and decreased mean glucose levels at fasting, postprandial (three meals), and bedtime (22:00), and scores on the pediatric quality of life inventory significantly increased ( F=3.16, 2.94, 2.56, 13.84, 2.36, 7.00, 40.48, 115.90, 192.50, 122.70, 75.55, t=11.00, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared to baseline insulin pump therapy, hybrid CLS improves glycemic control and quality of life in young children with T1DM, while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia over a 6-month treatment period.

Objective:Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic points of pectoralis minor muscle transection for the treatment of pectoralis minor syndrome, as well as the differences between pectoralis minor syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome.Methods:A retrospective summary and analysis were conducted on the clinical data, surgical methods, and prognosis of patients with pectoralis minor syndrome who underwent thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2012 to December 2022. The literature was reviewed, and the clinical data, surgical methods, and prognosis of thoracic outlet syndrome during the same period were combined to analyze the differences between pectoralis minor syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome.Results:All patients underwent surgical resection of the pectoralis minor muscle, with significant pain relief, disappearance of clinical symptoms, no surgical complications, and a good prognosis.Conclusion:Pectoral muscle syndrome is a disease independent of thoracic outlet syndrome, with a high rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Comprehensive preoperative pain localization and closed treatment, clear diagnosis, and cutting of the pectoralis minor muscle are effective methods for treating this disease.

Objective To investigate the current nursing practice of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs and analyze their influencing factors in order to improve the training program and promote the development of standardized and precise nursing practice.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nutritional support nurses in ICUs in 29 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from October 2023 to March 2025,and the self-developed questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nutritional support nurses in ICUs was used to conduct the survey.SPSS 21.0 software was used for descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results A total of 774 questionnaires were distributed,and 766 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery rate of 98.97％,and the score of the questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICU was(90.41±1 1.82).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,presence of a nutritional support nursing team in the hospital,a standardized process of nutritional support nursing in the department,clear positional responsibilities of the nutritional support nursing team members,and inclusion of the nutritional support status of the patients in the quality management of the department were the factors influencing the nursing practice behavior scores of the nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in the ICUs have a high level of nursing practice behavior,but there is a need for further standardization in parenteral nutrition infusion and monitoring of complications.ICU nursing managers should formulate improvement strategies to address the weaknesses of clinical practice,strengthen nutritional support training,and improve the quality management program,and further improve the practical ability of nurses specializing in nutritional support.

To systematically review randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention in ulcerative colitis （UC）， and analyze the characteristics of these studies and their outcome indicators， thereby providing references for the design of future RCTs of TCM intervention in UC and offering evidence supporting the clinical application of TCM in UC. A computerized search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， EMbase， and Web of Science databases for RCTs of TCM intervention in UC published from January 2021 to August 2024. The risk of bias was assessed， and outcome indicators were qualitatively analyzed. A total of 555 RCTs were included， with a sample size of 44 853 participants. The largest sample size was 218 cases， and the smallest was 28 cases， with most studies focusing on 60-100 participants. Of the 386 RCTs that explicitly reported TCM syndrome types， the top three were large intestine dampness-heat syndrome （31.05%）， spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome （12.47%）， and spleen deficiency with dampness syndrome （9.17%）. The interventions， ranked by frequency of use， included internal Chinese medicine compounds/preparations （64.5%）， Chinese medicine compounds/preparations with retained enema （18.2%）， internal Chinese medicine compounds/preparations + external TCM treatment （5.95%）， and external TCM treatment alone （4.86%）. The treatment duration was mainly 4-8 weeks （64.86%）， with 61 studies （10.99%） reporting follow-up time. A total of 157 outcome indicators were used， with a frequency of 3 460 occurrences， classified into six domains： TCM syndromes and symptoms （346 occurrences， 10%）， symptoms/signs （541 occurrences， 15.64%）， physical and chemical examinations （2 119 occurrences， 61.24%）， quality of life （107 occurrences， 3.09%）， long-term prognosis （61 occurrences， 1.76%）， and safety events （284 occurrences， 8.21%）. The analysis reveals several limitations in the outcome indicators of TCM intervention in UC， including the lack of a basis for sample size calculation， non-standardized TCM syndrome classification， absence of trial design and registration， inadequate blinding and allocation concealment， adherence issues with interventions， imbalanced selection of surrogate and endpoint indicators， inconsistency in the timing of outcome measurements， design issues that require standardization， and ethical and safety concerns. It is recommended that future studies actively construct a set of core indicators for UC that include standardized TCM syndrome classification， clear efficacy evaluation indicators， key endpoint indicators， and reasonable measurement time points. Long-term prognostic impacts， comprehensive assessments of patients' quality of life， and consideration of economic benefits should be emphasized， providing a basis for the clinical practice of TCM in the treatment of UC.

To systematically review randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention in ulcerative colitis （UC）， and analyze the characteristics of these studies and their outcome indicators， thereby providing references for the design of future RCTs of TCM intervention in UC and offering evidence supporting the clinical application of TCM in UC. A computerized search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， EMbase， and Web of Science databases for RCTs of TCM intervention in UC published from January 2021 to August 2024. The risk of bias was assessed， and outcome indicators were qualitatively analyzed. A total of 555 RCTs were included， with a sample size of 44 853 participants. The largest sample size was 218 cases， and the smallest was 28 cases， with most studies focusing on 60-100 participants. Of the 386 RCTs that explicitly reported TCM syndrome types， the top three were large intestine dampness-heat syndrome （31.05%）， spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome （12.47%）， and spleen deficiency with dampness syndrome （9.17%）. The interventions， ranked by frequency of use， included internal Chinese medicine compounds/preparations （64.5%）， Chinese medicine compounds/preparations with retained enema （18.2%）， internal Chinese medicine compounds/preparations + external TCM treatment （5.95%）， and external TCM treatment alone （4.86%）. The treatment duration was mainly 4-8 weeks （64.86%）， with 61 studies （10.99%） reporting follow-up time. A total of 157 outcome indicators were used， with a frequency of 3 460 occurrences， classified into six domains： TCM syndromes and symptoms （346 occurrences， 10%）， symptoms/signs （541 occurrences， 15.64%）， physical and chemical examinations （2 119 occurrences， 61.24%）， quality of life （107 occurrences， 3.09%）， long-term prognosis （61 occurrences， 1.76%）， and safety events （284 occurrences， 8.21%）. The analysis reveals several limitations in the outcome indicators of TCM intervention in UC， including the lack of a basis for sample size calculation， non-standardized TCM syndrome classification， absence of trial design and registration， inadequate blinding and allocation concealment， adherence issues with interventions， imbalanced selection of surrogate and endpoint indicators， inconsistency in the timing of outcome measurements， design issues that require standardization， and ethical and safety concerns. It is recommended that future studies actively construct a set of core indicators for UC that include standardized TCM syndrome classification， clear efficacy evaluation indicators， key endpoint indicators， and reasonable measurement time points. Long-term prognostic impacts， comprehensive assessments of patients' quality of life， and consideration of economic benefits should be emphasized， providing a basis for the clinical practice of TCM in the treatment of UC.