This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a low-dose phage cocktail combined with antibiotics on burn wounds in-fected with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Given the risk of sepsis caused by drug-resistant bacteria infection after burns and the limitations of antibiotic monotherapy,we constructed a mouse model of burns combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.A saline control group,phage cocktail monotherapy group,antibiotic monotherapy group,and combined treatment group were examined.The combined treatment group showed a synergistic effect on the 7th day after infection:this group of mice had a sig-nificantly lower pathogenic bacterial load in the skin and liver tissues than observed in the single drug treatment group,and showed the strongest bacterial clearance effect.Histopathological analysis indicated improved structural integrity of the skin tissue,as well as decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells,and no obvious tissue damage,in the combined treatment group.Detection of serum in-flammatory factors indicated that the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased,whereas the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 significantly increased.The combination of low-dose phage cocktail and antibiotics synergistically en-hanced antibacterial activity and ameliorated infection through a dual mechanism of direct removal of pathogens and regulation of the host immune response.Our findings provide an experimental basis for the optimal treatment of wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Aim To explore the mechanism by which dioscin regulates IL-17+γδT cells in the treatment of arthritis.Methods A collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)model was established in DBA/1 mice using bovine type Ⅱ collagen.The mice were randomly divid-ed into the CIA model group,methotrexate(MTX)positive control group,and dioscin low-dose(Dioscin-L),medium-dose(Dioscin-M),and high-dose(Dios-cin-H)groups.After intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated using scoring methods.Joint pathological damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The levels of anti-collagen-spe-cific antibodies and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 were measured by ELISA.The expressions of γδT cells and their subtypes,as well as the secretion level of IL-17,were detected by flow cytometry.Results Dioscin significantly reduced the arthritis severity score in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice,alleviated joint pathological damage,inhibited the production of IL-17 by splenic lymphocytes and the levels of anti-col-lagen-specific antibodies total IgG and IgG3,and de-creased the proportion of γδT cells in the lymph nodes,splenic γδT cells,and the Vδ4+T-cell subset.The level of IL-17 produced by the Vδ4 subtype in the lymph nodes of the intervention groups was lower than that in the model group,but the difference was not sta-tistically significant.Conclusion Dioscin has signifi-cant therapeutic effect on CIA,and its mechanism may be through the inhibition of γδT cells,but it is unlikely to be related to IL-17 derived from γδT cells.

Aim To explore the mechanism by which dioscin regulates IL-17+γδT cells in the treatment of arthritis.Methods A collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)model was established in DBA/1 mice using bovine type Ⅱ collagen.The mice were randomly divid-ed into the CIA model group,methotrexate(MTX)positive control group,and dioscin low-dose(Dioscin-L),medium-dose(Dioscin-M),and high-dose(Dios-cin-H)groups.After intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated using scoring methods.Joint pathological damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The levels of anti-collagen-spe-cific antibodies and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 were measured by ELISA.The expressions of γδT cells and their subtypes,as well as the secretion level of IL-17,were detected by flow cytometry.Results Dioscin significantly reduced the arthritis severity score in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice,alleviated joint pathological damage,inhibited the production of IL-17 by splenic lymphocytes and the levels of anti-col-lagen-specific antibodies total IgG and IgG3,and de-creased the proportion of γδT cells in the lymph nodes,splenic γδT cells,and the Vδ4+T-cell subset.The level of IL-17 produced by the Vδ4 subtype in the lymph nodes of the intervention groups was lower than that in the model group,but the difference was not sta-tistically significant.Conclusion Dioscin has signifi-cant therapeutic effect on CIA,and its mechanism may be through the inhibition of γδT cells,but it is unlikely to be related to IL-17 derived from γδT cells.

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a low-dose phage cocktail combined with antibiotics on burn wounds in-fected with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Given the risk of sepsis caused by drug-resistant bacteria infection after burns and the limitations of antibiotic monotherapy,we constructed a mouse model of burns combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.A saline control group,phage cocktail monotherapy group,antibiotic monotherapy group,and combined treatment group were examined.The combined treatment group showed a synergistic effect on the 7th day after infection:this group of mice had a sig-nificantly lower pathogenic bacterial load in the skin and liver tissues than observed in the single drug treatment group,and showed the strongest bacterial clearance effect.Histopathological analysis indicated improved structural integrity of the skin tissue,as well as decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells,and no obvious tissue damage,in the combined treatment group.Detection of serum in-flammatory factors indicated that the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased,whereas the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 significantly increased.The combination of low-dose phage cocktail and antibiotics synergistically en-hanced antibacterial activity and ameliorated infection through a dual mechanism of direct removal of pathogens and regulation of the host immune response.Our findings provide an experimental basis for the optimal treatment of wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Heart failure （HF）， as the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases， manifests with primary symptoms including dyspnea， fatigue， edema， and palpitations. With recurrent episodes and a protracted clinical course， HF imposes a substantial global disease burden. PANoptosis represents a distinctive form of programmed cell death （PCD） that integrates features of pyroptosis， apoptosis， and necroptosis， yet cannot be fully attributed to any single pathway among these three PCD modalities. Recent studies demonstrate significant dysregulation of PANoptosis-related genes during HF progression， positioning PANoptosis as both an emerging mechanism mediating HF pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has gained substantial recognition for its therapeutic potential in HF management， offering advantages such as flexible compatibility， multi-target effects， and minimal adverse reactions. Astragali Radix， a representative Qi-invigorating and blood-activating herbal medicine， has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment for various HF subtypes. Research reveals that its major bioactive components—including astragaloside Ⅳ， polysaccharide， quercetin， and calycosin—exhibit significant associations with the regulation of apoptosis， pyroptosis， and necroptosis pathways. This review systematically explores the therapeutic feasibility of Astragali Radix in the prevention and treatment of HF through the lens of PANoptosis mechanisms. By synthesizing recent advances in the mechanisms of Astragali Radix-derived bioactive compounds and Astragali Radix-containing compound prescriptions in modulating PANoptosis， this paper aim to provide critical insights for advancing the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of HF.

Heart failure （HF）， as the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases， manifests with primary symptoms including dyspnea， fatigue， edema， and palpitations. With recurrent episodes and a protracted clinical course， HF imposes a substantial global disease burden. PANoptosis represents a distinctive form of programmed cell death （PCD） that integrates features of pyroptosis， apoptosis， and necroptosis， yet cannot be fully attributed to any single pathway among these three PCD modalities. Recent studies demonstrate significant dysregulation of PANoptosis-related genes during HF progression， positioning PANoptosis as both an emerging mechanism mediating HF pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has gained substantial recognition for its therapeutic potential in HF management， offering advantages such as flexible compatibility， multi-target effects， and minimal adverse reactions. Astragali Radix， a representative Qi-invigorating and blood-activating herbal medicine， has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment for various HF subtypes. Research reveals that its major bioactive components—including astragaloside Ⅳ， polysaccharide， quercetin， and calycosin—exhibit significant associations with the regulation of apoptosis， pyroptosis， and necroptosis pathways. This review systematically explores the therapeutic feasibility of Astragali Radix in the prevention and treatment of HF through the lens of PANoptosis mechanisms. By synthesizing recent advances in the mechanisms of Astragali Radix-derived bioactive compounds and Astragali Radix-containing compound prescriptions in modulating PANoptosis， this paper aim to provide critical insights for advancing the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of HF.

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.

Objective To study the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on nutritional status and postoperative recovery in patients after gastric cancer surgery.Methods Sixty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 1,2023,and December 30,2023,at the hospital in the department of gastroin-testinal and gland surgery were included in this study.Patients were randomly divided by drawing lots into ei-ther the observation group(received routine care plus CBT—based nursing program)or the control group(received routine care),with 30 patients in each group.Nutritional indicators and postoperative recovery out-comes were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,patients in the observation group showed significantly higher levels of albumin and hemoglobin compared to the control group(P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in prealbumin levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).Furthermore,patients in the observation group scored higher on the Quality of Recovery-40 scale in terms of emotional state,physical comfort,psychological support,and overall score compared to the control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the observation group showed significantly lower HADS scores com-pared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion CBT demon-strates significant positive effects in improving nutritional status and postoperative recovery quality in gastric cancer patients.CBT improves patients'emotional state,thereby affecting appetite and nutritional status,and promotes postoperative physical function recovery.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)is an environmental pollutant commonly found in plastic products and has toxic effects on female reproductive system.DEHP can interfere with the synthesis of progesterone,testosterone and estradiol through female hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,aggravate insulin resistance and obesity by affecting glucose and lipid metabolism,and cause ovarian damage through inducing oxidative stress,excessive autophagy and pyroptosis of oocyte or granulosa cells.It can also alter epigenetic genes relating to follicular development and prevent follicles from mature.These factors are closely contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.We systematically summarizes the mechanism of DEHP interfering with ovarian function and inducing polycystic ovary syndrome,in order to provide help for the prevention and treatment of female reproductive injury from environmental pollutant.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) combined with ischaemic stroke and the factors associated with poor prognosis.Methods:A total of 50 patients with SLE combined with ischaemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2014 to June 2024 were included in the study, the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected and summarized, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of data, and the factors related to poor prognosis were analyzed by logistic regression analyses.Results:Fifty patients with SLE combined with ischaemic stroke had a mean age of (47.1±15.5)years, 80.0%(40/50) were female, the duration of SLE was (5.6±6.3)years, the mean SLEDAI-2K score was (14.3±4.1), the rate of anticardiolipin antibody positivity was 30.0%(15/50), and the rate of β 2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibody positivity was 28.0%(14/50). The most common clinical manifestations of stroke were impaired limb movement (34.0%) (17/50), cerebral infarction mainly in the cerebral hemisphere (82.0%)(41/50), combined with cerebral haemorrhage in 6.0%(3/50), cerebral leukoencephalopathy in 26.0%(13/50), and cerebral atrophy in 24.0%(12/50). In terms of treatment, the most used immunosuppressant was cyclophosphamide (34.0%, 17/50), 64.0%(32/50) of patients received aspirin, 32.0%(16/50) received clopidogrel and 14.0%(7/50) received anticoagulation. Four deaths and 12 cases of severe disability were found in 50 patients at follow-up, and SLEDAI-2000 scores were positively correlated with the above poor prognosis using univariate [ OR(95% CI)=1.407(1.123,1.764), P=0.003] and multivariate [ OR(95% CI)=1.388(1.097, 1.756), P=0.006] regression analyses. Conclusion:Patients with SLE combined with ischaemic stroke had high disease activity in SLE, and SLEDAI-2000 scores were positively associated with poor prognosis of death and severe disability.