BACKGROUND: Full thickness burn wounds are lack of angiogenesis, cell migration, epithelialisation and finally scar tissue formation. Tissue engineered composite graft can provide sustained release of growth factor and promote the wound healing by cell migration, early angiogenesis and proliferation of extracellular matrix and wound remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene embedded (pDNA-platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-B) porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix with transfected mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) on healing of full thickness burn wound in rat model. METHODS: Full thickness burn wound of 2 9 2 cm size was created in dorsum of rat model under general anesthesia.Burn wounds were treated with silver sulfadiazine; porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix (PAUBM); PAUBM transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively. The wound healing was assessed based on clinical, macroscopically, immunologically, histopathological and RT-qPCR parameters. RESULTS: Wound was significantly healed in group E and group D with early extracellular matrix deposition, enhanced granulation tissue formation and early angiogenesis compared to all other groups. The immunologic response against porcine acellular matrix showed that PDGF-B gene activated matrix along with stem cell group showed less antibody titer against acellular matrix than other groups in all intervals. PDGF gene activated matrix releasing the PDGF-B and promote the healing of full thickness burn wound with neovascularization and neo tissue formation. PDGF gene also enhances secretion of other growth factors results in PDGF mediated regenerative activities. This was confirmed in RT-qPCR at various time intervals. CONCLUSION Gene activated matrix encoded for PDGF-B protein transfected stem cells have been clinically proven for early acceleration of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in burn wounds in rat models.

BACKGROUND: Full thickness burn wounds are lack of angiogenesis, cell migration, epithelialisation and finally scar tissue formation. Tissue engineered composite graft can provide sustained release of growth factor and promote the wound healing by cell migration, early angiogenesis and proliferation of extracellular matrix and wound remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene embedded (pDNA-platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-B) porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix with transfected mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) on healing of full thickness burn wound in rat model. METHODS: Full thickness burn wound of 2 9 2 cm size was created in dorsum of rat model under general anesthesia.Burn wounds were treated with silver sulfadiazine; porcine acellular urinary bladder matrix (PAUBM); PAUBM transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC; PAUBM seeded with rBMSC transfected with pDNA-PDGF-B in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively. The wound healing was assessed based on clinical, macroscopically, immunologically, histopathological and RT-qPCR parameters. RESULTS: Wound was significantly healed in group E and group D with early extracellular matrix deposition, enhanced granulation tissue formation and early angiogenesis compared to all other groups. The immunologic response against porcine acellular matrix showed that PDGF-B gene activated matrix along with stem cell group showed less antibody titer against acellular matrix than other groups in all intervals. PDGF gene activated matrix releasing the PDGF-B and promote the healing of full thickness burn wound with neovascularization and neo tissue formation. PDGF gene also enhances secretion of other growth factors results in PDGF mediated regenerative activities. This was confirmed in RT-qPCR at various time intervals. CONCLUSION Gene activated matrix encoded for PDGF-B protein transfected stem cells have been clinically proven for early acceleration of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in burn wounds in rat models.

Background/Aims: Diagnostic abdominal paracentesis has been described in literature to have variable sensitivity of 50%–75% for the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). We believe that random needle aspirates from the omentum, even in the absence of obvious deposits by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), could prove malignancy in patients with PC. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent EUS for diagnosis and staging of cancer and found to have ascites were included after obtaining informed consent. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) from random sites in the omentum was performed through the transgastric route using a linear echoendoscope. Results: Fifty-four patients underwent EUS during October 2015 to April 2017 for detection, staging, or FNA of a suspected malignant lesion. Ascites was seen in 17 patients and 15 patients who fulfilled the criteria were included. The procedure was successful in all patients. Cytology was suggestive of malignancy in 12 (80%) but not suggestive of malignancy in 3 (20%) patients. Three patients who tested negative had hyperbilirubinemia with biliary obstruction. Their ascitic fluid analysis result was also negative. Conclusions Random FNA of the omentum in patients with malignancy-related ascites is highly effective in the diagnosis of PC and could be employed during EUS evaluation of malignancies.

In this study we examined the suitability of the-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine ring system in developing novel anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents incorporating a diaryl pharmacophore. Eight 2,3-diaryl-3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine derivatives retrieved from our in-house database were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against nine cancer cell lines. The results indicated that the compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, K562 and SaOS2 cells, with K562 being the most sensitive among the four cancer cell lines. The eight 2,3-diaryl-3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine derivatives were also evaluated for their COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity. The results showed that compoundexhibited 2-fold selectivity with ICvalues of 9.2 and 21.8 µmol/L against COX-2 and COX-1, respectively. Molecular docking studies on the most active compoundrevealed a binding mode similar to that of celecoxib in the active site of the COX-2 enzyme.

PURPOSEIlizarov ring fixator and limb reconstruction system (LRS) fixators have been used in the management of complex tibial fractures with severe soft tissue injuries, compound tibial fractures, and infected tibial nonunion for which conventional internal fixation cannot be contemplated. Fracture union and distraction osteogenesis can be done simultaneously with these external fixators, allowing early weight bearing. Several previous studies have shown almost equal results of rail and ring fixators for the compound tibial shaft fractures. Thus we performed a prospective study to evaluate the union rate, functional outcome and amount of limb lengthening after the treatment of compound tibial shaft fractures with or without infected nonunion by ring or LRS fixators.

METHODSThis prospective study was done at Sarojini Naidu Medical College and Hospital, Agra, India and included 32 patients of compound tibial shaft fractures with or without infected nonunion. There were 26 males and 6 females and the average age was 40 years. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=16 for each): one underwent Ilizarov fixation and the other received LRS fixation. Cases were followed up for 3-24 months, 6 months on average from September 2012 to October 2014. Functional and radiological outcomes were assessed using the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria for both rail and ring fixators.

RESULTSUnion was achieved in all cases. Radiological outcome was found excellent in 68.75%, good in 18.75% and fair in 12.50% of cases treated by rail fixators whereas it was excellent in 56.25%, good in 18.75%, fair in 12.50% and poor in 12.50% of cases treated by ring fixators. Functional result was satis- factory in 75.00% of cases treated by rail fixator and 68.75% of cases treated by ring fixators whereas the corresponding rate of unsatisfactory was 25.00% vs. 31.25%.

CONCLUSIONIn our short-term assessment, LRS fixators show a better result than Ilizarov fixators in terms of fracture union and functional outcome with soft tissue care and limb length.

Adult ; Aged ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; instrumentation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Knowledge of anatomic variants of veins in the arm and axilla play a key role in planning of successful venous access. Possible anatomic variants of axillary vein, brachial vein and basilic vein and their clinical implications have been well described in the literature. We report a rare case of formation of a short axillary vein associated with complex venous communications between the basilic and brachial veins forming a venous ladder in the axilla, in formalin embalmed male cadaver. Axillary vein was formed in the upper part of the axilla by the fusion of basilic vein and unpaired brachial vein, and it was about 3cm in length. The higher-up confluence of basilic and brachial veins was also associated with presence of three communicating veins between the basilic and brachial veins in the axilla. Knowledge of reported venous variations is very useful during preoperative venous mapping and also for planning and execution of various surgical invasive procedures involving these veins.
Axillary Vein

Facial vein, being the largest vein of the face forms the common facial vein after joining with the anterior division of retromandibular vein below the angle of the mandible. Usually, it drains into the internal jugular vein. During routine dissection of head and neck region of a male cadaver, aged approximately 50 years, an unusual pattern in the termination of veins on the left side of the neck was observed. The formation, course and termination of external jugular vein were normal. The anterior division of retromandibular vein joined with external jugular vein about 5 cm above the clavicle and the facial vein opened into the external jugular vein about 2.5 cm above the clavicle. In addition, there was a thin venous communication between anterior division of retromandibular vein and external jugular vein. The superficial veins of the neck are often used for cannulation; either for intravenous infusion or for central venous pressure monitoring. Furthermore, these venous segments are used as a patch for carotid endarterectomies. Hence, a thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy and their variations may be useful for performing these procedures.

Intestinal malrotations are associated with various anatomical anomalies. We report a unique case wherein the caecum was located in the right lumbar region instead of the right iliac fossa. The ileo-caecal junction was also placed higher up. The appendix was ‘uncinate’ shaped, highly coiled and retroperitoneal with the absence of mesoappendix. Both, the caecum and appendix were supplied by ascending branch of the ileocolic artery instead of the descending branch. Further, we also observed that the ascending colon was very short and sub-hepatic in position. Such type of variations is of clinical and surgical importance in diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis.

Vascular variations in the neck region are not uncommon. Knowledge of incidence of morphological variations in the course and branching of the carotid arteries is important for radiological interpretation and surgical correction when they are symptomatic. Internal carotid artery (ICA) is known to show elongation in its extra cranial course. Previous studies have demonstrated the incidence and clinical symptoms of this morphological entity. However, the occurrence of elongation and looping of the external carotid artery (ECA) is seldom reported in the literature. During regular dissections, we came across a rare case of unilateral morphological variation of both ECA and ICA, in a male cadaver aged about 55 years. ICA presented a curved course with convexity directed posteriorly, at the level of the C2-C3 vertebrae. ECA presented a pronounced kinking or coiling, one inch below the level of the angle of the mandible. In addition, a linguo-facial trunk arising from the ECA also presented a pronounced kinking throughout its entire length.

The objective was to study the morphology and morphometry of transverse ligament of the knee joint in south Indian population. The present study included 53 formalin fixed foetuses which were obtained from the department of Anatomy. There were 106 knee joints which were available for the present study. A vernier caliper of 0.02 mm accuracy was used to measure the length of the transverse ligament. Among our specimens, transverse ligament of the knee was observed in 87.7% of the cases. It was observed bilaterally in 81.1% of cases. The double transverse ligaments were not observed in any of our specimens. The mean length of the transverse ligament measured 3.7 ± 1.5 mm. The statistically significant difference was not observed between the right and left sided transverse ligaments or gender with regard to its length (Student's t test; p > 0.05). The morphological and morphometric data related to the transverse ligament of the knee in human foetuses have not been reported. The present study provides additional information on the morphology and morphometry of the transverse ligament in human foetuses. We believe that the data of the present study will provide support to the foetal anatomy, concerning the surgical procedures and arthroscopy of the knee joint. The findings are enlightening not only for Orthopedic Surgeons, but also for the Morphologists and Embryologists.