Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and significant clinical burden. In Mongolia, research on AD has increased over the past decade; however, findings remain fragmented across various areas. Aim: To synthesize evidence from studies conducted in Mongolia over the last 10 years regarding the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, including original studies on Mongolian populations published within the last decade. Studies addressing skin barrier function, immunological mechanisms, genetic factors, environmental exposures, clinical severity, diagnostic tools, and treatment approaches were included. Results: The study findings show that genetic studies identified polymorphisms in the filaggrin gene and, more recently, mutations in the GCDH gene, suggesting these are linked to AD severity and allergen sensitization. Research on the immunopathogenesis of AD revealed that Th2-type cytokines, especially IL-3 and IL-4, are associated with pruritus and disease severity. Additionally, decreased skin hydration and increased transepidermal water loss in individuals with AD were linked to greater disease severity. Disease severity was evaluated using the SCORAD, EASI, and POEM tools, with most studies reporting that mild-to-moderate AD was most common. Clinically, symptoms like pruritus and sleep disturbances were evident. Additionally, clinical severity was associated with laboratory markers, particularly total IgE levels. The high rate of sensitization to inhalant and food allergens suggests that extrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) may be common in the Mongolian population. In treatment studies using locally relevant natural products in Mongolia, such as seabuckthorn oil and Shargaljuut mineral spring spray, these products were associated with clinical improvement, suggesting they could serve as additional therapeutic options. Conclusion Research on atopic dermatitis in Mongolia has progressed in several areas; however, the current evidence remains limited and is mostly based on cross-sectional, small-sample, single-center, hospital-based studies. Therefore, there is a need for future comprehensive studies that are multicenter, long-term, and involve larger populations.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of developing opportunistic infections and malignancies due to immunosuppression. Among these, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and lymphoma are malignant conditions affecting mucocutaneous tissues and are considered multifocal angioproliferative disorders, as originally described by Moritz Kaposi. These conditions are more likely to occur in individuals with uncontrolled viral replication and low CD4 cell counts. In Mongolia, although the overall prevalence of HIV infection remains low and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections, cases of AIDS-related malignancies continue to be reported. Therefore, evaluating the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of malignancies in HIV-infected patients is of significant importance. Aim: To present a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient living with HIV in Mongolia, and to describe the clinical course, diagnostic findings, treatment outcomes, and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Materials and Methods: This case report is based on a descriptive analysis of a single patient. Clinical data, including medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory parameters (CD4 cell count and viral load), imaging studies, histopathological results, treatment course, and outcomes were collected from the medical records of the National Center for Communicable Diseases and analyzed qualitatively. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male patient presented with oral lesions that first appeared in June 2010 and progressively increased in number and size. In July 2010, he underwent computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathological examination in the Republic of Korea, which confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphosarcoma. The patient was enrolled in care at the National Center for Communicable Diseases on September 2, 2010. According to his history, he had lived in Taiwan for the past 10 years and reported having sex with men. On October 22, 2010, his CD4 cell count was 282 cells/ml and viral load was 210,000 copies/ml. Antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz) was initiated. Between 2010 and 2011, he received six cycles of chemotherapy (DOX, CTX, VCR), and surgical excision of skin lesions was performed. Following treatment, the Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphosarcoma lesions regressed significantly. By August 31, 2012, his CD4 cell count had increased to 535 cells/µL. Conclusion This case demonstrates that HIV-infected patients are at high risk of developing AIDS-defining malignancies due to immunosuppression. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) played a crucial role in immune restoration, as evidenced by the increase in CD4 cell count. In addition, combined treatment with chemotherapy contributed to tumor regression and clinical improvement.

Background: For the past few years, the number of non-communicable diseases and accident-related injuries have been rising which has been heavily influenced by the technology advancement and urbanization. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis comes in fourth after cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes in terms of spread. In 2018 at Saran-Elit Clinic in Darkhan-Uul province, 43 patients were selected to participate in a clinical study that was conducted by examining bone essence’s waste and/or fingernails. Methods: Participants’ radial’s dentistry of bones was examined thoroughly by Sunlight, Miniomni, (Beammed, Israel), an equipment with SOS and T-score. Results and conclusions The average age of the participants was 38.6918.08. The dentistry of bones of the participants were 3704 m/s-4399 m/s which showed that most of the participants were already experiencing osteoporosis. According to the statistics, when fingernails were studied by the traditional method, osteoporosis in the skull, neck and shoulder blades bones took up to 43%, higher risk of developing osteoporosis in the upper extremity to the right hand bones, and equal amount of risks in both lower extremities (p<0.05). When bones dendistry is determined by the equipment, 25.8% showed healthy, 30.9% was in the range of early osteoporosis and the remaining 43.3% was in the range of osteoporosis. As a conclusion, equipment testing is expensive and time consuming vs. the traditional method is free of charge, time efficient and easier to analyze the signs and results etc.

BACKGROUND. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impacts of drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and risk factors of stent restenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Angiographic diagnostic and treatment Department of 3rd State Central Hospital of Mongolia. Patients who had undergone coronary stenting between 2000 and 2017 were recruited and monitored until the end of 2010. RESULTS. Among a total of 4520 selected patients with a mean age of 58±7 years, 2125 subjects had BMS and 2395 subjects had DES. The incidence of stent restenosis and stent thrombosis were significantly lower in the DES (37; 1,5%) group as compared with the BMS (201; 9,4%) group. Patients who have stent restenosis presented comorbidities, such as diabetes 214(47,8%), hypertension 54(22,6%), prior PCI 21(8,2%), re-infarction 12(5,04%), chronic kidney disease 16(6,7%), hyperlipidemia 21(8,2%). СONCLUSION. Implantation of DES was related to better outcomes than for BMS, in terms of reducing restenosis and stent thrombosis after PCI. STEMI patients who have co morbidities have greater risk of stent stenosis and thrombosis

Introduction. The survey was conducted to establish the midterm evaluation of the National Program on NCD Prevention and Control, and to establish baseline data for a health project funded by the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA).Goal The goal of the survey was to determine the prevalence alcohol consumption pattern among Mongolian adults using WHO-approved methods, and to inform on NCD and injury control activities.Objectives:To compare the current prevalence of alcohol consumption to that identified in the previous STEPS survey. Alcohol consumption patterns, frequency of drinking and risks associated with alcohol consumption will be studied according to gender, age and place of residence of the survey respondents.Materials and MethodsThe cross-sectional survey used WHO STEPS survey methodology adapted to the countries specifics. A total of 5638 randomly selected 15-64 year-old Mongolian residents of both sexes from 36 soums of 20 aimags and 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city participated in the survey. The survey data was fully collected using small handheld computers (PDAs). Because the data was comprised of only a sample of the large population, it was necessary to weight the data, Thus sample weighting and adjustments to correct the differences in the age-sex distribution of the sample compared to the largest population were performed. Data analysis was conducted using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 using appropriate methods for the complex sample design of the survey. Outcome measures (prevalence and mean variance) and differences between groups (age, gender and urban\ rural groups) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%).Results:34.2% of Mongolian adults did not use alcohol in their life-time and 65.8% of them used alcohol to some extent. The prevalence of binge drinking was 39.7% in men and 15.1% in women, and binge drinking was 2.5 times more common in males compared to females.