Background: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery at the National Trauma and Orthopedic Research Center and Grandmed Hospital between 2020 and 2023. This study examined the short-term clinical outcomes of the surgery in terms of anxiety and satisfaction. Arthroscopic knee surgery is an effective treatment, providing short-term pain relief and improved function. Arthroscopic meniscal surgery is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at reducing pain, restoring functional activity, and preventing irreversible degenerative changes of the knee joint. In recent years, the incidence of meniscal injuries, associated knee pain, functional impairment, and progressive joint degeneration changes has steadily increased. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate short-term clinical outcomes of arthroscopic meniscal surgery for meniscal tears and to compare these outcomes in relation to anxiety and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2020 and 2023, including 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal surgery at the National Trauma and Orthopedic Research Center and Grandmed Hospital. Among them, 69 patients underwent partial meniscectomy, and 34 patients underwent meniscal repair. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) before and after surgery. Result: Significant improvements were observed in all KOOS subscale scores postoperatively compared with preoperative values. Mean scores for pain improved from 57.93±12.58 to 80.93±5.70, symptoms from 54.13±12.73 to 80.27±6.22, activities of daily living from 61.28±13.19 to 79.61±4.91, sport and recreation from 42.28±13.21 to 72.04±6.88, and knee-related quality of life from 45.08±12.46 to 77.85±7.96, all demonstrating statistically significant improvement. Conclusion Arthroscopic meniscal surgery demonstrates favorable short-term clinical outcomes, effectively reducing pain and improving knee function and quality of life. These findings support the effectiveness of arthroscopic intervention and highlight the importance of considering psychological factors such as anxiety and patient satisfaction in postoperative evaluation.

Background: Recurrent inversion injuries are a major contributor to chronic ankle instability (CAI), resulting in long-term functional limitations, reduced physical activity, and diminished quality of life. While both arthroscopic and open surgical techniques are routinely employed worldwide, their outcomes remain unstudied in Mongolia. This study aimed to describe the national epidemiology of ankle ligament injuries and provide foundational data to inform future clinical and surgical research. Aim: To determine the prevalence, patterns, and associated demographic and environmental factors of ankle ligament injuries recorded in Mongolia between 2014 and 2023, and to conduct an epidemiological analysis. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross sectional, single-center epidemiological analysis using anonymized secondary data from the National Trauma and Orthopedic Research Center (NTORC), Mongolia’s national tertiary referral hospital. Patient records from January 2, 2014, to December 28, 2023, were extracted from the E-Health national database and coded using ICD-10. Eligible cases included malleolar fractures, ligament sprains, dislocations, nerve injuries, and other lower limb traumas. Data on age, sex, residence, admission date, length of stay, and injury mechanism were categorized into 167 specific etiologies and 14 major groups. Result: Falls were the predominant injury mechanism (71.1%), particularly among females (83.3%) and urban residents (76.4%). A seasonal peak occurred in winter, with 8.1% of injuries linked to ice- and snow-related falls. Rural males had a higher proportion of transport-related injuries, notably involving motorcycles. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATaFL) was the most frequently affected structure. Individuals aged 15–44 years represented the largest proportion of ligament injury cases. Conclusion Between 2014 and 2023, 4,757 ankle ligament injuries were recorded in Mongolia. Males accounted for 57.7% of cases, with the highest incidence observed in individuals aged 15–44 years (68.8%). Seventy-five percent of injuries occurred in Ulaanbaatar. Falls were the leading mechanism (>70%), particularly during winter, followed by road traffic accidents. Emergency department visits increased over time, while hospitalization rates remained low and stable.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common sports-related knee injuries among young and physically active individuals, often leading to knee instability, functional impairment, and delayed return to sports. Although hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are widely used in ACL reconstruction, the optimal graft choice remains controversial. The superficial rectus femoris (SRF) tendon has recently emerged as a potential alternative autograft with favorable biomechanical properties. This study aimed to compare the clinical stability and functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using SRF and HT autografts. Aim: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology and risk profile of knee joint injuries in Mongolia over a 10-year period, and to evaluate the comparative clinical efficacy and functional recovery following ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon (HT) versus superficial rectus femoris (SRF) autografts. Materials and Methods: A randomized parallel-group clinical study was conducted at the Sports Injury Center of the National Trauma and Orthopedic Research Center. Fifty patients aged ≥18 years with complete ACL rupture were enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo ACL reconstruction using either a superficial rectus femoris autograft (SRF group, n=25) or a hamstring tendon autograft (HT group, n=25). The primary outcome was mechanical knee stability. Secondary outcomes included functional performance assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis, as well as patient-reported outcomes measured using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores. Clinical and functional assessments were performed preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6-month postoperative follow-up visits. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate differences in recovery patterns between the two groups. Result: Patients in the SRF group demonstrated significantly lower early postoperative pain levels and faster functional recovery compared with the HT group (p<0.01). Three-dimensional motion analysis revealed earlier restoration of limb symmetry and improved dynamic knee stability in the SRF group during the early postoperative period. These objective biomechanical findings supported the clinical observation of accelerated rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction using SRF autografts. At six months postoperatively, however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the SRF and HT groups in terms of mechanical knee stability or patient-reported functional outcomes. Conclusion ACL reconstruction using a superficial rectus femoris autograft demonstrated superior early functional recovery compared with the traditional hamstring autograft while achieving comparable short-term clinical stability. These findings suggest that the SRF autograft may represent a promising alternative graft option for patients requiring accelerated rehabilitation and earlier return to physical activity.

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Early assessment of BMD is essential for identifying skeletal abnormalities and supporting clinical decision-making. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a widely used, non-invasive method for evaluating BMD at clinically relevant skeletal sites. Aim: To assess bone mineral density using DXA and describe the corresponding T-score and Z-score measurements in adult patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from June to October 2026 at the Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Mongolia–Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Eight patients aged 18 years or older without fractures were included. According to the study records, participants were selected using a random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and DXA measurements were recorded. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), T-scores, and Z-scores were assessed at the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm. Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of eight patients were included, comprising five males (62.5%) and three females (37.5%). The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean BMI was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². The mean lumbar spine (L1–L4) T-score was 0.35±1.49, and the mean Z-score was 0.97± .36. The lowest reported mean T-score was observed at the left forearm (−1.29±4.34), followed by the right forearm (−1.25±3.87). Measurements were also recorded at the left and right hip regions. The findings were descriptive and were not intended to establish population-level prevalence. Conclusions The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the eight patients included in the study were assessed. The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². Of the participants, 5 (62.5%) were male and 3 (37.5%) were female. The mean BMI of the participants fell within the obesity category. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine, both hips, and both forearms. The results showed variations in BMD measurements across the different anatomical sites examined. An analysis of the T-scores and Z-scores for each measurement site revealed a mean T-score of 0.35±1.49 and a mean Z-score of 0.97±1.36 at the lumbar spine. At the left hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.29 and the mean Z-score was 0.34±1.52, while at the right hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.15 and the mean Z-score was 0.31±1.09. The mean T-scores of the forearm were comparatively lower, at −1.29± 4.34 on the left side and −1.25±3.87 on the right side.

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are important public health concerns. Assessing weight status among children presenting with fractures may provide preliminary data for further investigation of a possible association between body weight and injury. Aim: To estimate the proportion of overweight and obesity among children aged under 18 years diagnosed with fractures and compare weight-status categories by sex. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included 30 children presenting with a fracture to the outpatient clinic of Mongolia–Japan Hospital between June and September 2026. Weight status was classified using age- and sex-adjusted BMI-for-age. We summarized continuous variables as mean±standard deviation, median, quartiles, and minimum–maximum values; we reported categorical variables as counts and percentages. The Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 30 children, 20 (66.7%) were boys and 10 (33.3%) were girls. Eighteen children (60.0%) were classified as overweight/obese. Mean BMI was 20.58±3.44 kg/m² and median BMI was 19.82 kg/m². Mean BMI was higher in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group (22.00±3.55 vs 18.46±1.90 kg/m²; p=0.0092). Sex was not statistically associated with weight-status category (p=1.000). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children under 18 years of age diagnosed with bone fractures was 60.0%. The body mass index (BMI) was statistically significantly higher in children with overweight and obesity than in those with normal weight. Sex was not statistically associated with excess body weight. Further studies with larger sample sizes, a control group, and bone mineral density measurements are needed to determine the relationship between excess body weight, bone health, and fracture risk in children with bone fractures.

Background: During inversion injuries of the ankle joint, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most commonly injured structure. Injuries to the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle, either in isolation or in combination with injury to the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), account for approximately 60-65% of all ankle ligament injuries. In recent years, several studies have examined the impact of lateral ankle ligament injuries on lifestyle and overall health. Repeated inversion injuries-particularly those occurring three or more times-can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). In the treatment of ankle instability, both open and arthroscopic surgical techniques are widely used internationally. In Mongolia, there is an increasing clinical need to evaluate and compare the outcomes of arthroscopic versus open surgical repair of lateral ankle ligament injuries. This need forms the basis of the current study. Aim: The comparative studies on open vs arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair are limited. This study aimed to compare the early therapeutic efficacy and cost between the traditional open Broström-Gould repair and all-arthroscopic anatomical repair of the ATFL for chronic lateral ankle instability. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability undergoing repair of the ATFL be tween September 2024 and February 2025 were retrospectively included with a traditional open surgery (n=10) group and an arthroscopy (n=17) group. The surgery duration, surgical cost, postoperative complications, and the preoperative/postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) and Karlsson-Peterson score were compared between groups. Results: Compared to the anatomical group, the non-anatomical group had significantly shorter surgery and hospitalization durations. Three months after the operation, the AOFAS and Karlsson scores significantly improved in both groups. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the AOFAS and Karlsson scores between groups at both preoperative and postoperative assessments. No significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusion 1. These results suggest that open Broström-Gould repair and all-arthroscopic anatomical repair of the ATFL have comparable therapeutic efficacy for chronic lateral ankle instability. 2. The arthroscopic surgery had a smaller incision, while the open Broström-Gould had a shorter surgery duration and lower cost.

Purpose: The etiology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) remains unknown until today. A few studies have suggested passive smoke inhalation may be a risk factor, although the association is not confirmed and a causal relationship has not been established. Most mothers who smoke during pregnancy may continue smoking after giving a birth, it would be difficult to determine to what extent passive smoke inhalation adds to the risk of LCPD in these children. The causes of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are largely unknown, but this pediatric disease seems to result from interruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur and is considered a vascular disease. Because maternal smoking during pregnancy influences fetal development and is associated with cardiovascular diseases in offspring, we hypothesized that this exposure and passive Tabaco smoke exposure are risk factors for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and also investigated other markers of impaired fetal development and early-life exposures. Methods: We prospectively recruited total 96 patients, among those 32 patients with LCPD as a case group and 64 patients attending the hospital for other orthopedic complaints as control group. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between the exposures and risk of LCPD. Results: The main risk factors for LCPD were family background, indoor use of a wood stove, having a family member who smoked indoors (passive smoke) and smoke during pregnancy. Children from the middle socioeconomic group appeared to be at a greater risk of developing LCPD. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk of LCPD. Family background and exposure to wood smoke also appears to be risk factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other factors indicated by impaired fetal development may be associated with an increased risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. However, it remains unclear why there are profound differences in the incidence of the disease between regions when the prevalence of smoking is comparable and why bilateral involvement is infrequent, and it needs further study.

Background: Treatment of adult tibiofibular fractures, especially severely comminuted fractures, is technically challenging due to the lack of reduction markers and difficulty in restoring the alignment. Fixation of the fibula can facilitate reduction of the tibia fracture and restoration of the lower extremity alignment. Methods: Between 2018-2019 we have operated on 50 patients who have lie on the same plane of tibiafibular fractures. Measures of angulation were obtained from radiographs taken immediately after the surgery, a second time 3 months later, and at 3-month follow-up. The analysis was performed with STATA. Results: Fixating fractures of tibia and fibula at same level were not shown to have complications on the development of nonunion including fibular shortening, hindfoot alignment, slow process of nonunion and unstableness. Conclusions We recommend fibular fixation in all 50 distal fractures when both fractures lie on the same plane and the tibial fracture is relatively stabilized.

Introduction: Last Decades, Date by date medical developments providing friendly, high-efficiency treatment equipment and services in developed countries are working toward an advanced, as our country medical services are trying to that country’s technology has been introduced. In our country every day there is only surgical care necessary to endocrine gland disorders, including most common thyroid surgery. It is open and robotic assistant endoscopic surgery in the world. But robotic assistant endoscopic surgery is too expensive and impossible in our country. Thus we chose Thunderbeat for open thyroid surgery in especially huge enlarged goiter and vascularized goiter to try prevent bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and post operation hematoma and other complications Thunderbeat is new generation instrument combines an advanced bipolar clamp to the existing ultrasonic cutter. Materials and Methods: M 51-years-oldwoman was admitted to Mongol Hyundae hospital because of front of neck pain, multi nodular goiter, tachycardia, sweaty and not controlling emotion. Anamnesis: She diagnosed to Thyrotoxicosis in 2005 and she took medicine last ten years but not controlling that poisoning. Status locals: Huge enlarged goiter in front of her neck Treatment plan: 1. Preoperative Preparation 2. Operation: Open total thyroidectomy 3. Medicine 4. Wound dressing 5. Observation We did operation after day of admission day, Patient is placed in a Semi erect position with a folded sheet underneath the shoulders so that the head is sharply angulated backward on the multifunctional surgical table under general anesthesia. We used thunderbeat from muscular to all procedures, dissection both thyroid gland and isthmus after Kocher skin incision and sub skin tissue dissected. There is no complication while procedure and post operation days Result: Nodular hyperplasia of thyroid gland with focci of micro adenomatous change Conclusion: Thunderbeat in use open thyroid surgery first outcomes blood loss than 30ml, no injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve and no penetration ligament of Berry while procedure, second outcomes no hematoma, painless, wound healing process faster and short time hospitalization.

Introduction: Last Decades, Date by datemedical developments providing friendly,high-efficiency treatment equipment andservices in developed countries are workingtoward an advanced, as our country medicalservices are trying to that country’s technologyhas been introduced. In our country everyday there is only surgical care necessary toendocrine gland disorders, including mostcommon thyroid surgery. It is open androbotic assistant endoscopic surgery in theworld. But robotic assistant endoscopicsurgery is too expensive and impossible inour country. Thus we chose Thunderbeatfor open thyroid surgery in especially hugeenlarged goiter and vascularized goiter to tryprevent bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nervepalsy and post operation hematoma andother complicationsThunderbeat is new generation instrumentcombines an advanced bipolar clamp to theexisting ultrasonic cutter.Materials and Methods: M 51-years-oldwomanwas admitted to Mongol Hyundaehospital because of front of neck pain, multinodular goiter, tachycardia, sweaty and notcontrolling emotion.Anamnesis: She diagnosed toThyrotoxicosis in 2005 and she tookmedicine last ten years but not controllingthat poisoning. Status locals: Huge enlargedgoiter in front of her neckTreatment plan:1. Preoperative Preparation2. Operation: Open total thyroidectomy3. Medicine4. Wound dressing5. ObservationWe did operation after day of admissionday, Patient is placed in a Semi erect positionwith a folded sheet underneath the shouldersso that the head is sharply angulated backwardon the multifunctional surgical table undergeneral anesthesia. We used thunderbeatfrom muscular to all procedures, dissectionboth thyroid gland and isthmus after Kocherskin incision and sub skin tissue dissected.There is no complication while procedureand post operation daysResult: Nodular hyperplasia of thyroidgland with focci of micro adenomatouschangeConclusion: Thunderbeat in use openthyroid surgery first outcomes blood lossthan 30ml, no injury of recurrent laryngealnerve and no penetration ligament of Berrywhile procedure, second outcomes nohematoma, painless, wound healing processfaster and short time hospitalization.